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A computer is an electronic device that: Accepts information and instructions from a user Manipulates the information according to the instructions Displays the information in some way Stores the information for retrieval later. 2

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Personal Computers (PCs) Desktop computers Laptops-they are portable Handheld computers-example? Smartphone Mainframe computers Supercomputers 3

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4 See page ECC 4-5 Tablet PC: Apples IPad2 Pictures of Computers Supercomputer

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Desktop Portable (laptops, notebooks) 5 Desktop by HP Laptop by HP

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Size-Sits on your desk Speed-Example-2.6 GHz AMD athlon dual-core processor Cost-$300 to $3500 6

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Laptops-Laptops come in many brands that use Windows software such as Dell, Acer, Toshiba, IBM. Brands that use Apple software are MacBooks. Notebooks-similar to laptops but usually smaller, lighter. Example: Dell Netbook. Very small. 7

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PDAs (Personal Data Assistant)- Example-Blackberry-holds calendar, names and addresses, can access the internet Cell phones-Iphone, the Droid (Googles answer to the Iphone) Size-can hold in your hand Cost-$100-$2500 8

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Example-the computers running MSTC, the computers running the hospital, the computers running your local bank. Cost : Several hundred thousand dollars to a million dollars 9

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Size-Huge Speed-Fastest on the planet Cost-$ Millions Example-Cray Research in Chippewa Falls WI 10

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Seymour Cray standing next to the core unit of the Cray-1 computer, circa 1974, Chippewa Falls, WI. Photograph courtesy of the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Cray Timeline Cray Timeline About Cray's latest Supercomputer....The Jaguar About Cray's latest Supercomputer....The Jaguar 11

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Include computer hardware and software Hardware the physical stuff-the case, the guts inside Software refers to the instructions, the programs that the computer needs to perform a specific task Specifications-The technical details about each component (See pg 2 of textbook for an example) 12

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13 The motherboard is the main electronic component of the computer The microprocessor-the brain of a computer, also called CPU (transistors on a chip, speed)-Examples- Intel, AMD Cards are removable circuit boards-Example- video cards, sound cards Good pics on pg ECC 8-9.

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Input-instructions you put in. How? With a keyboard With a mouse With a scanner 14

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Output-the results. How do you see the results? With a monitor With a printer 16 Monitor

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Laser-fastest, most expensive, highest quality Inkjet-sprays ink on paper Dot matrix-punches dots, lowest quality 17

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Computers understand only code. (0s and 1s; On or Off). They dont understand English. The code they understand uses binary digits, called bits. The code is called ASCII code. 8 bits = 1 byte = 1 character 1 thousand bytes = 1KB (kilobyte) 1 million bytes = 1 MB (megabyte) 1 billion bytes = 1 GB (gigabyte) 1 trillion bytes = 1 TB (terabyte) Main point: Computers use and store A LOT of info! 18

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RAM-Random Access Memory Temporary Lost when the computer is turned off (unless you save your work) ROM-Read Only Memory Permanent Tells the computer how to boot. 19

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20 Hard drive-usually your C: drive. Here at school you will be storing your work on the H drive and/or your flash drive. CDs and DVDs-2 things you should NEVER do! 1) Scratch or 2) Expose to high temps DVD can store 4.7 GB-more than enough capacity for a full-length feature film. Blu-ray can store more than 5 times more (25 GB per layer). Flash drives-jump drive-from 32 MB -16 GB

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A computer file -a collection of stored data: An executable file -instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task A data file -created by a user-you will be creating data files in Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Access). 21

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SYSTEM SOFTWARE APPLICATION SOFTWARE Windows 7 Windows XP Windows Vista Safari, Lion (Apple Systems) Microsoft Word Microsoft Powerpoint Microsoft Excel Microsoft Access Gaming Software 22

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System software- manages the fundamental operations of your computer. Also called an operating system. Examples- Windows XP Windows 7 Lion (Apple) 23

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24 To get here, click on the folder icon in the bottom left corner of your desktop. Then click Computer.

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Application software - enables you to write letters, make spreadsheets, create databases, create presentations, create games etc. Examples of application software are Microsoft Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Access and many others. Example of gaming software- Blizzard EntertainmentBlizzard Entertainment 25

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Data communications-the transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another or from a computer to a peripheral (keyboards, printers etc). 4 things are needed for data communications: Sender Channel-telephone cable, coaxial cable, optical fibers Protocol-rules for accurate transfer handled by a driver Receiver 26

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Data bus-The path connecting the microprocessor, RAM, and peripherals and back again The data bus needs ports: USB port (Universal Serial Bus) -where flash drives, cameras, your IPOD connects Ethernet port-where the internet connects 27

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A network connects one computer to other computers. Example-LAN (local area network) 28

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Communicating over a long distance using a phone line or some other data line. To do this you need: A modem either outside your computer or inside on the motherboard. The modem converts a computer signal (called a digital signal) to a telephone signal (called an analog signal) and back again on the other end. A phone line (through the phone company) or a dedicated subscriber line (DSL) like through the cable company. The DSL will transmit faster than a telephone line. 29

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The Internet is the largest network in the world. It offers: Electronic mail (email) World Wide Web (www)-lots and lots AND LOTS of information and products Info and products are on web pages A collection of web pages is a web site. 30

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Security- steps a computer owner takes to prevent unauthorized use of or damage to the computer. Viruses- harmful programs. Also called malware. Antivirus software-searches files for viruses and disinfects them. Firewall - like a locked door on your computer which prevents other computers on the internet from accessing yours without your permission. 31

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Storing data, applications, and resources on servers which you access over the Internet rather than on a users computer. Access only what you need, when you need it. Examples: Google Docs, Microsoft Web Apps, Windows Live Skydrive. Companies can also have the Cloud do automatic back-ups of their data. 32

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Space on Windows Live servers which you access over the Internet. You can store up to 25 GB of files there You can store them in public or private folders or in folders that you make available to only certain people Need a Windows Live ID to use it (free). See pg ECC 32 for screen display. Here is what Skydrive looks like: https://login.live.com https://login.live.com 33

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All photos are courtesy of Course Technology at Cengage Learning unless credit is otherwise given. YouTube clip of Mouse courtesy of YouTube. 34