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Aerospace Human Factors Association A Constituent Organization of the Aerospace Medical Association
NEWSLETTER Volume 12, Issue 2 November 2004
1956’s 'FASTEST MAN ALIVE' Frank K. Everest Jr. Dies (by Francisco Medina/Tucson Citizen)
Retired Brig. Gen. Frank K. Everest Jr., a World War II ace and Air Force test pilot who was known as the "fastest man alive" in 1956 died in Tucson on 1 Oct 2004 at the age of 84. Gen. Everest was born 10 Aug 1920, in Fairmont, W.Va. He attended Fairmont State College for a year, later transferring to West Virginia University, where he studied engineering.
A legend among American test pilots, he flew many of the nation's most advanced aircraft, including the X-1, X-2, X-3, X-4, X-5, XF-92 and YB-52. He participated in test programs for the F-100, F-101, F-102, F-104, F-105, B-52, B-57 and B-66.
In July 1956, he piloted the X-2 to 1,957 mph - Mach 2.9. He was a contemporary and good friend of Chuck Yeager, the first pilot to break the sound barrier. In a Tucson Citizen interview in 1989, Gen. Everest said with undisguised pride that he and Yeager were "both from West-by-God-Virginia."
Modest about his accomplishments, he said he had had "a canopy crack on me at 60,000 feet and a couple of explosions, but nothing drastic." His love of flying was prompted by a boyhood ride in a Ford Trimotor, an adventure that cost him 50 cents. In the years that followed, he flew in 177 other types of aircraft.
He joined the Army Air Corps in 1941 and flew 94 combat missions over North Africa, Sicily and Italy. He shot down two German aircraft and damaged a third. In 1944, he was assigned to the China-Burma-India Theater, where he flew 67 combat missions and destroyed four Japanese aircraft before
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REMEMBER TO:
ay Your AsHFA Dues (page 18)
ominate Candidates for AsHFA offices
(page 9)
end articles and other ontent to Ray King, AsHFA Newsletter
Editor at [email protected].
AsHFA Newsletter 1
his P-51 Mustang was shot down in May 1945. He parachuted successfully, was captured and spent the remainder of the war as a prisoner of the Japanese.
Later assigned to the test program at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, he transferred with the program to Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., in 1951. There he was chief Air Force test pilot and head of the Flight Test Operations Division.
In 1957, he left the test program and commanded various squadrons before coming to Davis-Monthan AFB, AZ in 1964, when F-4 fighters were based here. A year later, he was transferred to Nellis AFB, NV, and in 1969 was assigned to the Pentagon as assistant to the director of defense research and engineering.
He retired to Las Vegas in 1979 after 32 years of service and went to work for two years as chief test pilot with Sikorsky Aircraft in Connecticut. He and his wife moved to Tucson in 1983.
Though retired, he had the opportunity to pilot the F-15, the F-16 and the 2,300-mph SR-71. Of all the aircraft he had flown, he said the P-51 Mustang remained his favorite. In July 1989, he was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, OH.
I D E T H I S I S S U E
Upcoming Events (calendar)
Award Announcements
News from the HFE TAG
Membership Renewal
well-read readers: Please submit articles authored by AsHFA members for the igious Collins Award. See page 6.
AsHFA Newsletter 2
CALL FOR NOMINATIONS FOR ASHFA PRESIDENT AND MEMBER- AT- LARGE. Nominations are currently being sought for the position of AsHFA President and Member-at-Large. If you know of a member (or perhaps you, yourself?) who you feel would best serve our organization in its highest executive leadership positions, please consider nominating that individual today, after securing their consent. All nominations (and any questions about the position or nomination process) should be sent directly to AsHFA President-Elect, Ray King via e-mail at: [email protected], or via “snail-mail” at the address indicated above. Deadline for nominations is 31 Jan 05, so don’t delay. Please see page 9.
UPCOMING EVENTS January 9-12, 2005 – International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, San Diego, CA http://www.catamaranresort.com/ January 9-13, 2005 – TRB 84th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC http://trb.org/calendar/ January 10-13, 2005 - 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno Hilton, Reno, NV http://www.aiaa.org/ January 25-27, 2005 – AE-2 Aerospace Lighting Committee Meeting, New Orleans, LA [email protected] January 28, 2005 – Deadline for papers - 6th USA/Europe ATM Seminar, Baltimore, MD, June 2005 http://atmseminar.eurocontrol.fr/ April 2-7, 2005 – CHI 2005, Portland, OR [email protected]. April 11-15, 2005 – SAE 100th Anniversary World Congress, Cobo Hall, Detroit, MI http://www.sae.org/congress/about/news/congressdates.htm April 17-22, 2005 – International Federation of Air Traffic Controller’s Associations, Melbourne, Australia http://www.ifatca.org/conferences/annual_conference.htm April 18-21, 2005 – 13th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (ISAP), Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI), Oklahoma City, OK (note: call for papers deadline is September 30, 2004). http://www.cami.jccbi.gov/, http://www.wright.edu/isap/ May 9-12, 2005 - 76th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association, Kansas City, MO http://www.asma.org/ Continued on page 6
th
President CAPT David F. Neri Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 2300 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20372-5300 President-Elect Raymond E. King, Psy.D. Civil Aerospace Medical Institute FAA/CAMI, AAM-520 P.O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 Past- President Doug Wiegmann, Ph.D. University of Illinois Aviation Research Laboratory Willard Airport #1 Airport Road Savoy, Illinois 61874
Secretary/Treasurer Tamara L. Chelette, Ph.D. 2062 Griffon Place Centerville, OH 45459
AsMA Scientific Meeting Calendar
Kansas City, Missouri - May 8-12, 2005Orlando, Florida - May 14-18, 2006 New Orleans, LA - May 13-17, 2007
Boston, MA - May 11-15, 2008
The Aerospace
Human Factors Association
2004 AsHFA Awards Chair, Tom Nesthus recognizes Bill Storm as the 2005 recipient of the prestigious Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award for outstanding contributions in the field of aviation human factors. Bill will provide an Award presentation during our Annual Business Luncheon in Kansas City, MO.
Announcement
of AsHFA AWARDS
Stanley N. Roscoe (Dissertation)
Award AsHFA recognizes the need to foster and support our growing Graduate Student membership through a program of proactive mentorship. One critical facet of this effort is an annual formal recognition of scholarly achievement in human factors. This takes the form of AsHFA's annual presentation of the Stanley N. Roscoe Award for the best Doctoral Dissertation written in a research area related to Aerospace Human Factors. Named for the distinguished scientist and educator, the Stanley N. Roscoe award is administered through the University of Illinois Foundation. This year's award will be presented at the Aerospace Human Factors Association's annual business meeting and luncheon on May 9, 2005 in Kansas City and will include a plaque and
an honorarium of $500. (Winner need not be present to be eligible). Criteria for judging the doctoral thesis/dissertations include
(a) significance of the problem and innovativeness of the approach
(b) review of relevant research (c) effectiveness of the research design and
analysis (d) interpretation of results (e) theoretical and practical value of the work (f) clarity of writing.
To be eligible for this award, the dissertation must have been completed and accepted by the sponsoring department between October 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004. To have their dissertations considered for this award, please encourage your recent graduates to submit a cover letter, three copies of their dissertation, and a letter of recommendation from their faculty advisor. All material must be postmarked no later than February 20, 2005, and sent to the current chair of the Awards Committee of the Aerospace Human Factors Association.
If you have any other questions concerning this or any other AsHFA award, please contact the Awards Chairman: Douglas A. Wiegmann, Ph.D., Institute of Aviation, Aviation Human Factors Division, 1 Airport Road, Savoy, IL 61822
AsHFA Newsletter 3
William E. Collins Award
The William E. Collins Award is presented for the Outstanding Human Factors Publication of the Year for work published during the previous calendar year. This award includes a plaque and an honorarium of $500.00 for the first author and certificates for the coauthors. Publications considered for the Collins award are limited to peer-reviewed papers and do not include books, book chapters, proceedings, technical reports, abstracts, or presentations. Eligibility for the award requires AsHFA membership by the first author beginning no later than 31 December of the year in which the paper was published and membership “in good standing” (i.e., dues are up-to-date) for the first author during the calendar year in which the article was published and also at the time the award is bestowed in the following calendar year. Criteria used in judging publications for the award include (a) scientific quality (review of related research, innovativeness of the approach, effectiveness of the research design and analysis, interpretation of results, and clarity of writing), (b) relevance to advancing the scientific field of human factors and significance of the problem addressed, and (c) utility and ease of application to practitioners in the field of human factors.
Although not a requirement, preference will be given to papers focusing on issues related specifically to aviation/aerospace issues within the broader field of human factors. The following journals (listed alphabetically) are automatically reviewed yearly for publication eligibility:
• Air Traffic Quarterly • Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine • Ergonomics • Human Factors • Human Factors and Aerospace Safety • International Journal of Aviation
Psychology • Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Applied • Military Psychology • Sleep • Work and Stress
Papers published in other journals that meet all other manuscript and authorship criteria are also eligible for the award but must be brought to the attention of the Awards Committee by 31 December in order to be considered.
If you have any other questions concerning this or any other AsHFA award, please contact the Awards Chairman: Douglas A. Wiegmann, Ph.D., Institute of Aviation, Aviation Human Factors Division, 1 Airport Road, Savoy, IL 61822
AsHFA Newsletter 4
Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award
The University of Illinois Institute of Aviation has established an Aerospace Human Factors Association endowment to fund the Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award, for outstanding contributions in the field of aviation human factors. The Aerospace Human Factors Association will annually solicit nominations for the award. The criteria for evaluating the nominations are as follows: (1) research and publications; (2) special original contributions, e.g., equipment, techniques, and procedures; or (3) general leadership in the field, e.g., teacher, director of laboratory, officer scientific societies, etc. Recipients of the Paul T. Hansen Award will not be eligible for consideration for the Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award. The Institute of Aviation will annually provide a $500 honorarium to the selected participant, whose name will be announced at the annual business meeting of the Aerospace Human Factors Association. The recipient of the award will present the Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Lecture at the annual AsHFA business meeting in May, and will then receive the honorarium and a plaque. AsHFA members who would like further information about the award should contact the AsHFA Awards Committee Chair noted below. The winner of the Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award gives a presentation at the meeting following the year their selection is announced.
Nomination Form 2006 Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award
For Outstanding Contributions in the Field of Aerospace Human Factors I nominate: Present Position: Business Address:
Please support your nomination by attaching documentation indicating outstanding contributions your nominee has made in the field of Aerospace Human Factors. Outstanding contributions in the following areas will be evaluated by the Awards committee: (1) research and publications, (2) special original contributions, e.g., equipment, techniques and procedures, or (3) general leadership in the field, e.g., teacher, director of laboratory, officer scientific societies, etc. Please provide the necessary documentation of how your candidate is outstanding with respect to one or more of these criteria. Three letters of endorsement with supporting evidence are required. Further, ensure that your nominee has not previously been a recipient of the Paul T. Hansen Award; recipients of the Hansen Award will not be eligible for consideration for the Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award. The Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award will be presented at the annual business meeting luncheon of the Aerospace Human Factors Association and will include a plaque and an honorarium of $500. Recipients of this award will deliver a lecture at the Annual Business meeting of the Aerospace Human Factors Association to be held in May. The presentation will address a scientific or technical topic, provide an historical review of the recipient's area of expertise, or describe personal reflections on important events in the development of the field of aerospace human factors. Date: Signed: Title: Address: Return this form by March 1, 2005 to:
Douglas A. Wiegmann, Ph.D. Institute of Aviation Aviation Human Factors Division 1 Airport Road Savoy, IL 61822
Previous recipients of the Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award: 2005 William F. Storm, Ph.D. 2004 No award recipient 2003 Henry W. Mertens, Ph.D.
2002 Charles E. Billings, M.D. 2001 David J. Schroeder, Ph.D. 2000 Christopher D. Wickens, Ph.D.
AsHFA Newsletter 5
AsHFA THANKS
The UNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS INSTITUTE OF AVIATION
For Sponsoring the
Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award
and the
Stanley N. Roscoe Award
Contributions to support the Henry L. Taylor Founder’s Award and the Stanley N. Roscoe Award can be made to the University of Illinois Foundation, Aerospace Human Factors account at the following address:
University of Illinois Foundation Attn: Stanley N. Roscoe Award Harker Hall, MC-386 1305 West Green Street Urbana, Illinois 61801
AsHFA Also THANKS
GENERAL DYNAMICS
Advanced Information Engineering Services
For Sponsoring the William E. Collins Award for 2004
AsHFA Newsletter 6
Calendar (continued) November 15-18, 2004 – 57th Annual International Air Safety Seminar (“Sharing Knowledge to Improve Safety”), Pudong Shangri-La Hotel, Shanghai, China http://www.flightsafety.org/seminars.html November 15-18, 2004 – Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference, Lisbon, Portugal www.caa.co.uk/srg/intsd/event.asp?groupid=73 November 16, 2004 - FY04 General Aviation, Vertical Flight, and Aviation Maintenance Human Factors Program Review, FAA Headquarters Bessie Coleman Training Center, Wash, DC mailto:[email protected]. November 18-19, 2004 – IT World Expo, Toronto, Canada [email protected] November 18-21, 2004 – 45th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Hyatt Regency and Millenium Hotels, Minneapolis, MN 45th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society January 9-12, 2005 – International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, San Diego, CA http://www.catamaranresort.com/ January 9-13, 2005 – TRB 84th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC http://trb.org/calendar/ January 10-13, 2005 - 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno Hilton, Reno, NV http://www.aiaa.org/ January 25-27, 2005 – AE-2 Aerospace Lighting Committee Meeting, New Orleans, LA [email protected] January 28, 2005 – Deadline for papers - 6th USA/Europe ATM Seminar, Baltimore, MD, June 2005 http://atmseminar.eurocontrol.fr/ April 2-7, 2005 – CHI 2005, Portland, OR [email protected].
April 11-15, 2005 – SAE 100th Anniversary World Congress, Cobo Hall, Detroit, MI http://www.sae.org/congress/about/news/congressdates.htm April 17-22, 2005 – International Federation of Air Traffic Controller’s Associations, Melbourne, Australia http://www.ifatca.org/conferences/annual_conference.htm April 18-21, 2005 – 13th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (ISAP), Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI), Oklahoma City, OK (note: call for papers deadline is September 30, 2004). http://www.cami.jccbi.gov/, http://www.wright.edu/isap/ May 9-12, 2005 - 76th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association, Kansas City, MO http://www.asma.org/ June 2005 – 6th USA/Europe ATM Seminar, Baltimore, MD (note: call for papers deadline is January 28, 2005) http://atmseminar.eurocontrol.fr/ July 22-28, 2005 – HCI International 2005, 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Caesars Palace, Las Vegas, NV [email protected] August 15-18, 2005 - 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Hyatt Regency San Francisco at Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA http://www.aiaa.org/ August 18-21, 2005 - 113th Convention of the American Psychological Association, Wash, DC http://www.apa.org/convention September 12-16, 2005 – Interact 2005, Tenth IFIP TC13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Rome, Italy http://www.interact2005.org/ September 25-28, 2005 - 11th Ka and Broadband Communications Conference and 23rd AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference 2005 (organized by IIC), Aurelia Convention Center, Rome, Italy http://www.aiaa.org/
AsHFA Newsletter 7
Calendar (continued) September 26-28, 2005 - AIAA 5th Aviation, Technology, Integration, and Operations Forum (ATIO), Hyatt Regency Crystal City, Arlington, VA http://www.aiaa.org/ September 26-28, 2005 - AIAA 2nd Intelligent Systems Conference (IS), Hyatt Regency Crystal City, Arlington, VA http://www.aiaa.org/ September 26-30, 2005 – Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 49th Annual Meeting, Royal Pacific Resort at Universal Orlando, Orlando, FL http://hfes.org/meetings/menu.html October 3-6, 2005 – SAE 2005 AeroTech Congress and Exhibition, Gaylord Texan Resort and Convention Center, Dallas/Fort Worth Airport Area, Texas http://www.sae.org/events/conferences/aerospace/ October 24-25, 2005 – National Academies Institute of Medicine Annual Meeting, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC http://wwwsearch.nationalacademies.org/ January 9-12, 2006 - 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno Hilton, Reno, NV http://www.aiaa.org/ January 22-26, 2006 – TRB 85th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC http://trb.org/calendar/
Do you know of a distinguished AsHFA Member deserving to be considered for AsHFA Fellow status? If so, contact the chair of the Fellows Committee to initiate their nomination: Malcolm M. Cohen, Ph.D. Chief, Human Information Processing Research Branch Mail Stop 262-2 NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 tel: (650) 604-6441 fax: (650) 604-0255 [email protected]
AsHFA Newsletter 8
CALL FOR NOMINATIONS FOR ASHFA PRESIDENT-ELECT AND MEMBER-AT-LARGE Nominations are currently being sought for the position of AsHFA President-Elect, Member at Large, and Representative to the AsMA Council. If you know of a member (or perhaps you, yourself?) who you feel would best serve our organization in its highest executive leadership positions, please secure their consent and then nominate that individual on this form and send to Ray King. At the risk of being redundant: Please secure consent of all individuals BEFORE submitting this form. Ray King Civil Aerospace Medical Institute FAA/CAMI, AAM-520 P.O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 Fax (405) 954-4852 [email protected] Please list up to two nominations for the office of President-elect (1 = first choice) 1._________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.__________________________________________________________________________________________ Please list up to two nominations for the office of Member at Large (1 = first choice) 1._________________________________________________________________________________________ 2._________________________________________________________________________________________ Please list up to three nominations for the office of Representative to AsMA Counsel (1 = first choice) 1._________________________________________________________________________________________ 2._________________________________________________________________________________________ 3._________________________________________________________________________________________ The deadline for all nominations is 31 Jan 05.
AsHFA Newsletter 9
Update on the HFE TAG (with a HUGE thanks to Steve Merriman) The 51th meeting of the DoD HFE TAG was held in Atlantic City, New Jersey during May 2004. The meeting was chaired by Dr. James Miller, Air Force Research Laboratory/HEPM. Approximately 70 people attended the meeting, representing the US Army, US Navy, US Air Force, US Coast Guard, DARPA, DISA/DTIC, NASA, FAA, National Sleep Foundation, several human factors-related technical societies and industry associations. Plenary Session The DoD HFE TAG Chair for the 51st meeting, Dr. James Miller, welcomed attendees and Dr. Miller summarized results of the morning’s Executive Committee meeting:
Hot Issues document – It will resume a regular update schedule
C4ISR Website - Lcdr Biggerstaff briefed Dr. Foster and provided a white paper.
TAG Minutes – Still two sets behind. Speakers for Plenary Sessions – Must now be
agreed upon by Op Board prior to next meeting. TAG Brochure – Now pulling together an update. Curriculum Vitaes are being assembled for
“retired” members.
He then reviewed the theme for the present meeting: Human Factors in National Airspace System Modernization and introduced the keynote speaker, Dr. Anne Harlan.
Welcome and Overview: Dr. Anne Harlan, Director of the William J. Hughes Technical Center, welcomed attendees to the TAG meeting ([email protected]). Dr. Harlan holds a Ph.D. in Applied Research Psychology and she is a licensed pilot. She summarized the major roles of the FAA Technical Center.
Air Traffic Management Laboratories: The role of this lab is equipment testing. The Lab is equipped with the same hardware and software that is installed around the US. Laboratories include the Air Traffic Simulation Lab, Target Generation Facility, Systems Integration and Interoperability Facility, R&D Human Factors Lab and Tower Integration Facility, and others.
Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Laboratory: The role of this Lab is to test air-to-ground systems. The Lab has five test aircraft.
Airport & Aircraft Safety Laboratory: This Lab contains fire test facilities, analytical chemistry facilities fire retardant research), De-icing facilities, Wind Tunnels (up to 0.9 Mach) and
an Non-Developmental Item (NDI) test facility.
Aviation Security R&D Laboratory: The role of this Lab is to test explosives/weapons detection systems
Federal Air Marshal Training Facility: This is a tenant facility (Homeland Security)
The FAA is currently undergoing reorganization – the research and acquisition organization is being combined with the air traffic delivery organization. This affects about 38,000 employees.
First International Conference on Augmented Cognition. LCDR Dylan Schmorrow, Ph.D. (DARPA Program Manager, Augmented Cognition) provided some details on this conference, which will be held on 22-27 July 2005 at Caesar’s Palace, Las Vegas, NV ([email protected]). This conference is being held jointly with HCI International. Since the National Science Foundation recognized Augmented Cognition as a new area of R&D, all military services have initiated research programs in the area. There will be 24 sessions in 5 areas, a total of 168 papers in all. It is expected to draw about 2,000 participants. See http://www.augmentedcognition.org. Human Systems Information Analysis Center (HSIAC) Update. Dr. Kristine Liggett (WPAFB) briefly updated the participants on the status of HSIAC ([email protected]). She indicated that Dr. Joe McDaniel is still the COTR and that HSIAC is being reconstituted following a new business model. It is hoped that the new HSIAC will be on-line in the July ’04 timeframe. The website (http://iac.dtic.mil/hsiac) is still active. Air Traffic Management Research Program Update. Mr. Dino Piccione, Air Traffic and Airway Facilities Human Factors Research Program Manager, NAS Human Factors Group updated the attendees on the group’s goals and focus areas ([email protected]). Mr. Piccione is also a commercial helicopter pilot. The Air Traffic/Airway Facilities personnel maintain the ATC system. The Human Factors group supports safety and ATC capacity studies. It also is charged with maintaining the performance of critical FAA air traffic occupational specialties, especially selection and retention. In any year, there are usually about 27 on-going projects. A major challenge for the future includes meeting the increased traffic load. The human factors acquisition working group keeps in touch with system development needs – acquisition personnel are the primary consumers of their research. There are four technical community representative groups:
Advanced Air Facility systems Individual and team performance
AsHFA Newsletter 10
Advanced Air Traffic systems Personnel Selection
Human Factors in the Standard Terminal Automation Replacement Systems (STARS). D. Michael McAnulty and Kenneth Allendoerfer, NAS Human Factors Group, FAATC ([email protected] and [email protected]) updated the attendees on STARS. Work on this system has been underway since 1997. The acquisition strategy calls for using off-the-shelf equipment. There were few or no HF people associated with STARS at the beginning but controller and maintainer groups raised serious concerns about STARS just before its fielding so HF became involved. HF conducted nine formal evaluations in the first two years (1997099). There was extensive prototyping conducted on each component. Usability assessments consisted mostly of structured walk-throughs. Eight different human factors working groups were formed and 98 issues were developed. Some of the issue areas were:
Use of opaque windows (targets could be shadowed)
Head-down time (spending too much time with display control)
Display control knobs Target symbology Display of weather and precipitation Tower Display Workstation (primarily display
legibility) Display clutter reduction Asynchronous target update associated with GPS
navigation systems Current status is that the system has been installed at Eglin AFB in 1999 and in Philadelphia in 2002. Twenty-one FAA sites and 14 DoD sites are now operational. Color is being used as a redundant cue to accommodate color blind controllers. Human Factors in the Design and Development of an ATM Management Tool. Dr . Richard Lanier, NASA Ames Research Center ([email protected]) discussed the Advanced Air Transportation Technologies program that works on decision support tools for the Center-TRACON Automation System (CTAS). CTAS decision support tools includes the following (and two or three others):
TMA Traffic Management Advisor McTMA Multi-center TMA EDA Enroute Descent Advisor (4-D
perspective provided to controller) FAST Final Approach Spacing Tool SMS Surface Management System D2 Direct-to Tool
The NASA TRL (technology readiness level) categorization system is used to assess the readiness of emerging technologies for application. The group is currently in search of improvements in two areas: metrics for human performance, and, simulating & testing. Transportation Security Administration Human Factors Research and Development Program. Mr. Michael D. Snyder, Engineering Research Psychologist, HF R&D, Transportation Security Laboratory, TSA ([email protected]) spoke about the R&D goals of the Transportation Security Lab. The National Science Foundation questioned the TSA as to what constitutes the best security approach. Their R&D goals became to improve security systems by focusing on three goals:
Enhance Operator capabilities (3 areas) Improve Person-Machine performance (8 areas) Increase Human-System effectiveness (27 areas)
Key products of the R&D program include:
Scanner Selection Test Screener Image Mastery Test Image Proficiency Review Threat Image Projection Advanced Interfaces and Displays EOS Operator Alarm Reduction Human-Centered Design Standards/Evaluation of
automated and non-automated systems Elevated Podium for Integrated Checkout
Supervision All screening facilities are now instrumented to measure operator proficiency. There will be four focus areas of FY04 research:
Passenger Inspection Systems: New technology (holographic, 3-D display); checkpoint ergonomics/safety; role of image quality and image complexity on detection; remote screening operator performance, check point task force.
Commerce Inspection Systems: Threat image and projection image libraries; EDS threat image projection; EDS Operator Alarm Resolution; EDS selection test; Phoenix program (next generation) human factors; ETD screener performance enhancement; cargo canine assessment study.
Infrastructure: Field assessment of behavioral pattern recognition (voice stress, etc.); Suspicious passenger behavior detection.
Conference Have We Invented New Ways to Crash Planes? Dr. Scott Shappell, Manager of the Human Factors Research Branch, Civil Aerospace Medical Laboratory, FAA ([email protected]) reviewed safety statistics and trends. He reminded the audience that between 70 and 80% of aircraft accidents involve human error. But, he maintains that we must also know the type and frequency
AsHFA Newsletter 11
of human errors that cause accidents. Human factors investigations have been undertaken to analyze a large number of US and Canadian aircraft accidents. Errors have been analyzed to determine types and numbers involved in accidents (e.g., skill-based errors, decision errors, perceptual errors and violation errors). Skill based errors were found to contribute in a major way to civil (general aviation) accidents and commercial aircraft accidents. The distribution of errors in military accidents are quite different. The massive databases being used by Dr. Shappell are helping to identify differences between communities and trends. The data can be helpful in focusing remediation on emerging problem areas. Warfighter Training Research: From the Test Bed to Operations. Major Heather Pringle, PhD, Chief of the Warfighter Training Systems and Performance Branch, AFMC-AFRL/HEAS ([email protected]) updated the audience on training activities. She noted that training is becoming more demanding, stressing “Joint” training, and integrated team training. Some representative annual costs of pilot training are: F-15C - $15 million, F-16 - $4 million, B-52 - $9.1 million. The USAF is looking at combining live, virtual and constructive training to enhance Mission Essential Competence (MEC) while realizing a 15% reduction in training sorties. They are also assessing the use of automated feedback systems to realize a 10% reduction in time to assess performance. Sub-Group Meetings Attended at the DOD HFE TAG: Human Factors Standardization (HFS) Mr. Alan Poston, FAA, chaired the meeting ([email protected]). The Sub TAG website is: http://dtica.dtic.mil/hftag/hfs.html
MIL-STD-1472F. Mr. Lou Adams, chair of the GEIA G-45 Human Factors committee, indicated that the G-45 committee had been requested to identify areas in MIL-STD-1472 in need of update ([email protected]) . Mr. Adams presented the list, including:
Multi-variate anthropometry Heads-Up Displays Helmet-Mounted Displays Organic Light Emitting Diodes Portable/Wearable computers Design for the factory worker (assembler,
installer), including criteria for such things as strength, torque, wrist angles, connector coupling.
Virtual Reality displays Haptic displays Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act.
MIL-STD-1787: Mr. Jim Kinzig ([email protected]) is now the point of contact for
this standard, entitles Aircraft Display Symbology, that was first established on 10 December 1984.
MIL-STD-882D: No action this period. Joint Services Specification Guide (JSSG): Mr. Dave Britton distributed copies of the latest JSSG 2010 for Crew Systems on CD ([email protected]). NASA MSIS: Ms. Faith Chandler reported on some big changes underway at NASA ([email protected]). NASA has a new mission in addition to completion of the International Space Station. NASA is going back to the moon and it will use the moon’s resources to help it get to Mars. The new Independent Technical Authority (ITA) will be overseeing all of NASA’s standards, including MSIS 3000. MIL-STD-1472 is now a “shall” type requirement and NASA support of MSIS 300 has been increased of late. A NASA reorganization is now underway. Data Item Descriptions: MS. Marcie Langelier, NAVAIR, indicated that certain DIDs have been transferred to US Navy data manager custody. It is not clear when they will be come available. The Navy DIDs are:
DI-HFAC-81399, HE Critical Task Analysis DI-HFAC-80742C, HE Simulation Concepts DI-HFAC-80746C,Human Engineering Design
Approach Document-Operator DI-HFAC-80747C, Human Engineering Design
Approach Document-Maintainer DI-HFAC-80740A, Human Engineering Program
Plan DI-HFAC-80745A, Human Engineering Systems
Analysis Report Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES)/ISO/TC159: Mr. Al Poston is now the HFES representative to ISO/TC159. Claire Gordon is the US chair for anthropometry. Index of Government Standards: Mr. Poston indicated that an index of government human factor standards has been compiled. Copies were handed out at the meeting. The index covers 48 government (US, DoD, DoT, NASA, NRC UK) standards in the field of human factors engineering. This new index should be available soon via the DoD HFE TAG website. New Business: Steve Merriman (EIA, SAFE, AsMA/HFA representative) suggested that the HF Standardization SubTAG take on responsibility for developing additional documents ([email protected]). He suggested that the following be developed:
System HSI/MANPRINT Management Plan. Enclosure 7 to DOD Instruction 5000.2 requires that DoD program managers implement HSI/MANPRINT on significant DoD acquisition programs. A Data Item Description (DID) is needed to assure that prime contractor plans furnish adequate and well organized planning information to the acquiring agency.
HSI/MANPRINT Report. Similar to the above, a DID is needed to specify what information is needed in HSI/MANPRINT reports.
AsHFA Newsletter 12
HSI/MANPRINT Handbook: A tri-service handbook on HSI/MANPRINT is needed to provide guidance to DoD contractors in the establishment and management of HSI/MANPRINT programs.
♦ Human Factors Test and
Evaluation. Mr. Adrian Salinas chaired the T&E SubTAG meeting.
Human Modeling and Simulation. No report. System Safety/Health Hazards/Survivability. Mr. Ben Gibson, AMEDDC&S ([email protected], (210) 221-1622) and Mr. Stephen Merriman, The Boeing Company, ([email protected], (972) 994-6419) co-chaired the meeting. The principal speaker for this meeting was Mr. Dave Richards of The Boeing Company in Seattle ([email protected]). Mr. Richards presentation was entitled “System Safety and HFE Aspects of the Airborne Laser – A Directed Energy Weapon.” The Airborne Laser (ABL) is a megawatt-class infrared laser with the primary missing of killing ballistic missiles during the boost (ascent) phase. It is part of the US layered defense approach to kill ballistic missiles. Secondary missions of the ABL include: Early ballistic missile launch warning Determination of launch site location Cueing to BMD systems Impact point prediction
Thus far, the high energy laser (HEL), with an exit beam diameter of 1.5 meter, has been demonstrated to provide 118% of its required power. The system is operated by a flight crew of two pilots and an operational crew of four. The Boeing 747-400 freighter was the largest aircraft available for this application. The turret alone weighs approximately 11,00 Lbs. Six infrared search and track (IRST) seekers with 360 degree detection capability mounted on a chin pod below the main turret are used to detect the target signature. An active, small, laser is used to provide range estimates to the system. A fine track is provided by another laser, the active ranging
system (ARS). The system compensates for atmospheric effects using deformable mirrors to correct the outgoing beam. The main laser, a chemical-oxygen iodine laser (COIL) is used to intercept the target. Exhaust gas flow from the laser through a titanium underbelly skin, which was specially developed to withstand the hot gases. The first aircraft has been at the Birk Flight Test Center at Edwards AFB since December 2002; it will fly next toward the end of 2004 in order to evaluate beam control and battle management equipment. A “GRPA” is used to simulate 40,000 altitude so that testing can be performed on the ground. Mr. Richards showed a video that described the ABL program, described the system and the development testing to be completed. Figure 1 shows a few aspects of the program He then shifted emphasis to the system safety program on ABL. Boeing has implemented a full system safety, process safety, health and environmental protection program on ABL. There are numerous hazards to identify, track, mitigate and control, including: Chemical containment (e.g., hydrogen
peroxide, iodine, chorine Fire Metals Containment of Laser Loss of control
Figure 1. ABL Aircraft Modifications
AsHFA Newsletter 13
A Program Environmental Safety Health Working Group has been established to conduct risk assessment and make recommendations. Safety participates in test preparations, subsystem operational readiness reviews, test readiness reviews and mission readiness reviews. The government has also implemented numerous safety review measures, including environmental impact statements, ground/flight/range safety reviews, a formal safety review process, and independent safety reviews. User-System Interface (USI) support is being provided to support testers, maintainers and aircrew. In the test area, human factors engineers emphasize fire and safety console design. Maintainer protective personnel equipment designs are reviewed. Flight/mission crew emphasis areas include: Crew escape and oxygen delivery systems Laser eye protection Active noise reduction Control and display design (HFE style
guide used) Flight deck display design Aircraft handling qualities Emergency systems and procedures
The last presentation was by Mr. Steve Merriman, representing the Boeing Company ([email protected]) who spoke on homeland Security and Services – Airport Security Programs. In mid-2002, Boeing won a contract from the Transportation Security Administration to implement 100% checked baggage screening in 443 US airports by 31 December 2002! This included installation of 1100 explosive detection systems and 5000 explosive trace detection systems and training of more than 25,000 screeners in less than six months. The Boeing world-class team included more than 10 other companies. The team worked with over 3,000 nationwide stakeholders and industry associations to coordinate requirements and implementation. Future solutions to national airport security needs will be met by a more integrated, network-centric approach that integrates surveillance, biometrics, intelligence, advanced sensors and large databases to meet ever-expanding needs. Technical Society/Industry Sub-Group. The Technical Society/Industry (TS/I) Sub TAG met twice during TAG #51 on Tuesday morning and afternoon. Mr. Bill Lytle ([email protected], (303) 971-8972)
chaired the meetings. TS/I Attendees introduced themselves and updated the TS/I membership rosters. Collaborative Technology Alliance. Ms. Susan Archer, Micro Analysis and Design, Inc. ([email protected]) described the Army Research Laboratory Collaborative Technology Alliance (CTA) program. CTAs identifies Army-unique problems critical to realizing the Future force Vision that the commercial sector isn’t solving. It helps focus research on technologies to solve these problems. Current CTAs include Communications and Networks, Advanced Sensors, Advanced Decision Architectures, Power and Energy and Robotics. Each CTA has its own Research Management Board. The Advanced Decision Architectures CTA is a consortium of small business and universities, with 50% going to universities and 10% going to HBCU organizations. Micro Analysis and Design is the lead on this CTA. The objectives are to work together to develop, test and transition new user interface technologies and computer science innovations to facilitate better soldier understanding of the tactical situation, more through evaluation of courses of action, and ultimately better and more timely decisions. The partners in this CTA are: MAAD, Klein Associates, Artis Tech, SAIC, Univ of Central FL, Univ of MD, Ohio State Univ, Carnegie-Mellon Univ, Univ of West FL, New Mexico State Univ, MIT, SA Technologies and ARL. Lifting and Strength Requirements: The afternoon’s discussion was about the need for more and better lifting data in Military standards. Controls and Displays. This SubTAG did not meet during TAG 51. Human Factors Engineering/Human Systems Integration: Management and Applications. Mr. Adrian Salinas (USAF, 311 WSW/XPRA) chaired the SubTAG meeting. The first presentation was Dr. Cate Harrison, USAF AFRL/HEPA, who spoke on “Anthropometry in the Acquisition Life Cycle.” Dr. Harrison is working to improve the specification of anthropometric accommodation in military systems and, more importantly, improve the “fit” of military systems to humans. Dr. Harrison maintains that anthropometry has a role throughout the acquisition process and that anthropometric solutions must be practical. She also maintains that “mission performance” is the measure of accommodation. She provided some examples of different qualities of specification wording:
BAD: “Accommodate the 5th percentile female through the 95th percentile male”
BETTER: “The <system> will accommodate at least 95% of the male aircrew and 95% of the female aircrew with 90% confidence.”
GOOD: “The <system> will accommodate at least 95% of the male aircrew and 95% of the
AsHFA Newsletter 14
female aircrew in the USAF (or whatever) population with a 90% confidence.
(where the 90% confidence statement is essentially telling how many aircrew must be tested)
Dr. Harrison warned against use of the term “average.” She demonstrated that the “average” item wouldn’t fit anyone well. Likewise, no one has a 95th percentile head (that is, 95% on all head-related parameters); if one were to have a 95% head, it would be HUGE. That is why anthropometric “cases” are used to describe the outside bounds of a population that must be accommodated. Cases contain a combination of measurements. They reduce the amount of body size and shape information to a manageable level. They set key measurements and individuals are then selected on the basis of these measurements. Cases characterize the accommodated individuals. Cases are generally applicable only to one system or very similar systems. JPATS cases are relatively famous and unfortunately human factors specialists would like t use these cases for “everything.” Cases also need to be built by gender and by race. But, Dr. Harrison says “you still need to do human testing”. Human models, when adjusted to different postures, don’t usually look “right.” That is because, for example, buttocks and thighs flatten on the bottom and become wider. Ear cups are an area where a practical approach to anthropometry has paid off. The issue is “flat” versus “customer” ear cups. The thought is that a custom ear cup, made to fit one person, would fit everyone better than flat ear cups. The challenge is to develop a small number of ear cup shapes to fit everyone. If you develop three or four shapes, you can try them on people and ask them which fits best. So you don’t have to measure everyone. This is a practical solution. The VA pays out between $ 500 million and $1 billion every year for hearing loss benefits. So reducing noise exposure is worth the investment. Reducing noise by 3-4 dBA doubles the safe exposure time. The second speaker was Mr. David Scribner , US Army Research Laboratory (Human Engineering and Research Directorate) who spoke on “The Effects of Cognitive Loading on Shooting Performance” ([email protected]). Efforts have been underway at ARL since 1999 to improve shooting performance. The overall task of the soldier is to solve problems and shoot at the same time. Generally, experiments have soldier subjects picking out enemies to shoot at from a mixed field of soldiers. Soldiers are cognitively loaded and asked to discriminate enemy targets from the field. Error data and SWAT ratings are obtained from subjects. Cognitive loading is in the form of problems, presented via audio, on an arm-mounted PDA or on a Helmet-mounted display (monocle). Data obtained thus far indicate that correct hits varied according to cognitive load and presentation modality:
48% correct with no cognitive load 40% correct with problems presented via audio
35% correct with problems presented via PDA 29% correct with problems presented via HMD.
The next series of studies will be using more realistic conditions. The next speaker was Mary Beth Papadakis, Naval Service Training Command, Great Lakes, who presented “Navy Accession Job Task Analysis.” The Human Performance Center at Great Lakes maps Navy job skills to civilian jobs in order to help sailors understand what civilian jobs that their Navy jobs are preparing them for in the future. The last speaker was Ms. Desiree Tryloff, General Dynamics (AIS) in Dayton, OH (desiree.tryloff@gd-ais) who spoke on “HFE-Learning and Knowledge Management Issues.” They have supported development of a Joint HSI Community of Practice – a portal providing access to HSI knowledge. The website is: https://www.myaf.mil/afknprod. You can browse information by domain, ask questions of HSI experts, get briefings, etc. Human Factors User Feedback Interest Group. The special interest group did not meet. Sustained/Continuous Operations (SUSOPS/CONOPS). Not attended. Presentations and Presenters included: 1. Basic Research on Countermeasures for Jet lag and Sleep Deprivation. Maurice Baynard, Division of Sleep and ChronobiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine 2. The Legal and Legislative Aspects of Driver Fatigue Darrel Drobnich, Senior Director, Government and Transportation Affairs, National Sleep Foundation, Washington, DC 3. Implementation of Crew Endurance Management in Maritime Environment: A Systems Approach. Carlos Comperatore, Pik Kwan Rivera, and Antonio Carvalhais, USCG Research and Development Center, Groton, CT. Tri-Service Workload Coordinating. No report User-Computer Interface. No report Human Factors in Telemedicine and Biomedical Technologies. No report Human Factors in Personnel Selection. No report
AsHFA Newsletter 15
DOD HFE TAG Operating Board Meeting: Hot Issues: Dr. J. Miller noted that the update process for the Hot Issues document is not working properly and that steps are being taken to implement an improved process. He also noted that it would be in the best interests of the TAG to revise the Hot Issues to track with the four DDR&E Human Systems thrust areas. Teresa Alley (MATRIS) suggested that traceability to SubTAGs be maintained in the Hot Issue write-ups. It was decided that the TAG Executive Committee .will vote on new Hot Issues at the Fall meeting Budget: It was decided that the budget needed to be conceived on a longer-term basis to deal with known events, contingencies, etc. Minutes: Minutes form the 49ith and 50th TAG meetings have not yet been issued. This is due primarily to SubTAG chairs not submitting minutes of their meetings. Speakers: Sub TAAG Chairs were reminded that Service Reps should be consulted when difficulties arise in finding speakers for Sub TAG sessions. The Operating Board was reminded that the responsibility for obtaining Plenary session speakers belonged to the incoming chair. TAG Meeting Themes: It was agreed that themes for TAG meetings need to be identified in a more timely manner. “HSI” is the theme for the next meeting in the DC area. Retirees: Retirees have agreed to contribute to the development of a scrapbook of TAG events and participation. Next Meetings: TAG-52: Fall 2004, no host. Alexandria Virginia TAG-53: Spring 2005, Navy host, Panama City, Florida TAG-54: Army host, Baltimore (tentative)
2004-2005 AsHFA DIRECTORY
Have you recently moved or otherwise changed your contact information? If so, please contact Tom Nesthus, so he can update the AsHFA directory: Thomas E. Nesthus FAA-CAMI, AAM-510 P. O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 Business Phone: (405) 954-6297 FAX: (405) 954-4852 E-Mail: [email protected] Current emails are important for receiving time-critical AsHFA announcements, newsletters, and directory updates.
AsHFA Newsletter 16
A note from Dr. Warren Silberman and CDR Andy Bellenkes, Co-Chairs for the Aerospace Medical Association's Membership Committee. As you may know, thanks to the past hard-working efforts of the members of the AsMA Membership Committee, there has been a turnaround from the previous downward trend in membership. Indeed, during the past two years, there has been a slow but steady increase in membership. However, overall losses remain high, and are expected to increase over the next few years as our members either retire or otherwise change their employment/professional status.
In order to offset these expected losses, the Membership Committee will be pursuing an expanded set of aggressive and ongoing strategies designed to increase overall AsMA membership. As the title "Every Member Sign-Up a New Member" implies, each member of your organization should make it a personal goal to actively recruit at least one new member into AsMA (and thereby also your organization) each year. As AsMA members, these 'recruiters' are the best individuals to describe the many benefits offered by AsMA membership. As a new member comes onboard, the recruiter becomes a sponsor for that individual.
A limited trial 'Every Member Sign-Up a New Member' effort was begun last year. It is this year, however, that we would like to expand this into a full-blown program involving all of our members. Tell prospective members about the free book that they will receive when they become members. As a recruiter, tell new members that when signing up, they (new members) must note their recruiter's (sponsor's) name on the application form. If recruiters have questions about these benefits, they can obtain this and much more recruiting information from AsMA Headquarters ([email protected]). What else can you do: (1) Operation TEL-A-MEMBER: If you know of members that have stopped attending AsMA meetings or gatherings of your Committees/Associations, you should contact AsMA HQ to confirm whether these individuals have become 'delinquent' members; that is, those who for an unknown reason, have stopped paying dues and playing active roles in the association. You and members of your organization can then telephone those on the list, inquiring as to the reason for their
delinquency, and encouraging them to rejoin the ranks of active membership status. Those that cannot be contacted by telephone should be sent a special e-mail/letter with the same message as that to be delivered via telephone. Finally, the names and contact information for these individuals should be listed in your organization's Membership Report. Upon receipt, the Membership Committee Chairs will then reinforce your efforts with their own letter/e-mail to those individuals you have identified.
In some cases, you may learn that individuals have lost interest in AsMA, or for a number of reasons cannot continue their membership. Still others may have just forgotten to stay current with their dues and AsMA activities. This personal reminder is a friendly way of reminding them that they remain invaluable members and that we would very much welcome their return to 'active' status. Indeed, many professional societies have found that such personal contact with individuals has proven extremely effective in bringing delinquent members back into an organization.
(2) Professional Meetings (non-AsMA): A number of AsMA members are also members of other Professional Organizations. While at these meetings, AsMA members can provide non-members with information about AsMA, noting the benefits of membership, and provide prospective members with brochures and other membership materials are available from Gloria Carter at AsMA HQ.
(3) You and your members can help the Membership Chairs man the Membership Booth at AsMA congresses and conferences. This is where we actually sign-up new members. Please provide the Membership Chairs with the names and contact information of your members who are willing to give of their time as Membership Booth volunteers. You can also help us actively recruit new members throughout the congress venue, ensuring that prospective members arrive at the booth to complete applications.
These are but a few of the ways that your Affiliate/Constituent Society can help to help bolster AsMA membership. If you or your members know of other ways to support this ongoing effort, please contact Dr. Silberman and myself.
Dr. Silberman and I thank you and your members for supporting this Membership Drive, and look very much forward to hearing from you soon. If you have any questions about the "Every Member Sign-Up a New Member" campaign or any of the other Membership Committee efforts described above, please do not hesitate to contact either Dr. Silberman ([email protected]) or myself.
AsHFA Newsletter 17
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
AsHFA Newsletter 18
Application/Renewal of Membership in
Aerospace Human Factors Association
Membership Renewal: I wish to renew my membership in the Aerospace Human Factors Association.
I am a current member of the Aerospace Medical Association. I am enclosing $15.00 (U.S. funds) for annual dues with this application.
Full-time Student
Name: _______________________________________________________________________
Title: ________________________________________________________________________
Name of Highest Degree:__________________________________ Year: ________________
Preferred Address: Home Business (circle one)
_________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________
Preferred Phone:( ) _____________________________ Home Business (circle one)
Fax Number: ( ) ________________________________________________________
E-mail address: _____________________________________________________________
Please complete this printed form and mail it with a check for $15 (payable to Aerospace Human Factors Association) to the Membership Chair listed below. You can also find a copy of the application form at: http://www.asma.org/Organization/ashfa/Pages/AsHFAMemApp2001.pdf
Membership Chair Arnold A. Angelici, Jr. FAA-CAMI, AAM-630
P. O. Box 25082 Oklahoma City, OK 73125
Phone: (405) 954-3237 Fax: (405) 954-0130
E-Mail: [email protected]
Aerospace Human Factors Association A Constituent Organization of the Aerospace Medical Association
NEWSLETTER
AsHFA Newsletter return address
ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
AsHFA Newsletter 19
