a data structure model: • basic representation of data, such as integers, logic

values, and characters• homogeneous data structures, such as arrays and

stringsheterogeneous data structures, such as floating point numbers and records

• accessing of data structures, involving pointers and values, field extraction

• addressing mode support for particular data structures.

Major Concepts:

machine model: processor, memory, and I/Oprocessor data paths and register transfersinstruction cycle of fetch/execute and interruptsbus interconnectionsrelative speeds and capacities of componentsperformance metrics, such as storage space, memory traffic, execution time.

Major Concepts:

a programming language translation model: • compilation versus interpretation• steps: macro processing, compilation, assembly,

link, load, execute• code generation issues demonstrating the

relationship between HLL and machine code.

Major Concepts (cont’d):

a system model: • run-time environment, including stack frame

and heap support• procedure call support, including such issues as

parameter passing and register conventions• I/O support, such as level of intelligence in

controllers and synchronization• operating system support, including memory

protection and interrupts• sharing and reentrancy• virtual memory support.

Major Concepts (cont’d):

• Increasingly smaller• Higher performance• More memory• Lower power• Embedded• Everywhere• …but extremely complex

Computer Systems

Why ARM?ARM Powered Products

–Smartphones; almost all mobile phones– digital cameras–digital TVs–Portable gaming consoles (e.g. Nintendo

DS, PlayStation Portable, GameBoy Advance, GP2x

–Smart meter at home– Portable Media Players, Camcorders

• Apple iPod– GPS Navigation Systems

• Tom Tom 300– Hard Discs, Routers, …