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A Development Process for Content Standards. KC Morris, Boonserm (Serm) Kulvatunyou, Josh Lubell, and Puja Goyal US/DoC/NIST/MEL/MSID. Outline of the Talk. Who we are Process for developing content standards: the Model Development Life Cycle (MDLC) Overview of our XML-related tools - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
A Development Process for Content Standards
KC Morris, Boonserm (Serm) Kulvatunyou, Josh Lubell, and Puja Goyal
US/DoC/NIST/MEL/MSID
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Outline of the Talk
• Who we are
• Process for developing content standards: the Model Development Life Cycle (MDLC)
• Overview of our XML-related tools
• Examples of tools for XML Schema validation
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Who We AreUS/DoC/NIST/MEL/MSID
• United States Government• Department of Commerce• National Institute of Standards and Technology• Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory• Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
(MSID)
= A government resource that provides technical solutions to advance system integration capabilities.
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
ManufacturingB2B
Integration
ManufacturingMetrology
Interoperability(Inspection)
ProcessPlant
ConstructionInformationIntegration
IntegratedCircuit
Manufacturing
ComponentValidation
Semantic Web R&D
“Generic” Testing Infrastructure and Tool Development(e.g., XML, ebXML, schema quality, test case generation)
Legacy MigrationThrough
Semantic Mapping
Automotive InventoryVisibility
CAD/CAMIntegration
SimulationSystem
Integration
NIST Interoperability Testbed
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Background
• NIST B2B Interoperability Testbed– XML-based interoperability project with the automotive and
aerospace industries• NIST AEX Testbed
– XML-based interoperability project with the building construction industry
• Product Data Exchange and Validation Testing activities– Data exchange-based integration project, not XML-based
• Common characteristics– Specifications are segmented– Data exchange specifications evolve as integration projects
proceed• Also true for standards development efforts
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Content Standards are Bridges
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
We Need a Process for Building Interoperability Bridges
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Model Development Life Cycle
A guideline for building industrial strength data exchange bridges, that provides
• Detailed analysis of the development process for content standards
• Architecture for implementing that process
• Outline of requirements for tools
• Roadmap to the standards landscape
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Some Specific Problems in Model Development
• Unbounded specification growth• Semantically duplicate terms, components, and
documents are created• Poor documentation reduces reuse• Classic interoperability problems are revisited• Large-scale harmonization (using a
common/canonical model) is hard to achieve
Model Development Life Cycle
Decomposition of the Model Development Life Cycle Existing Schemas & Classification Scheme
A2
Model Validation
A3
Model Piloting
A4
ModelRegistration
A1
Model Discovery
A5
Model Integration
Specification
Tools
RuleBased
Engines
Specification
Design Rules
Specification Reference
Data
Implementation Data
BusinessRules
ImplementationContext
Guidelines
SchematronXSLTEngine
AnnotationTools
Test Suites
ImplementationDocumentation
ExternalOntologiess
ClassificationAssistant
SemanticSimilarityMeasure
SemanticAlignmentAlgorithm
ExternalOntologies
Registry &Repository
QualifiedSchemas
DataExchange
Requirements
BusinessForms
ChangeRequests
Link Annotations
Change Requests
TableOf
Terms
Existing Schemas
Registry Entry
ClassificationScheme
NewSpecifications
Semantic AwareLookup Assistant
Requirement Gaps
Discovered Schema
Spreadsheet
AnnotationTools
Schema Semantics
ExistingData
Model Discovery
A1.1
Model SelectionData ExchangeRequirements
Semantic AwareLookup Assistant
A1.2
Model Extension
SchemaDocumentation
SelectedSchemas
forExtension
UncoveredRequirements
XML SchemaEditing Tool
New Schemas
A1.3
Model Creation
XML SchemaEditing Tool
New Schemas
Selected Schemas for Reuse
DesignRules
XML SchemaSpecification
XML SchemaSpecification
DesignRules
SchemaDocumentation
ExternalOntologies
KnownSchemas
ClassificationScheme
Model Validation
A2.1
SchemaQualification
A2.2
Data CoverageAnalysis
A2.3
SchemaCompatibility
Analysis
NamingGuidlines
DesignRules
RuleBasedEngine
NamingAssistant
Table of Terms
XML InstanceEditing Tool
XMLValidation
Tools
XML InstanceReference Data
XML Schema
ExistingData
BusinessForms
DataExchange
Requirements
Qualified Schemas
XML SchemaSpecification
XMLValidation
Tools
Spreadsheet
Change Requests
Revised XML Instance Reference Data
Revised Qualified Schemas
Requirement Gaps
Qualified Schema
Model Piloting
A3.1
ModelComprehension
A3.2
ModelAugmentation
A3.3
ModelTransformation
XML Schemas
DocumentationEngine
DiagrammingTool
Model HTML
UML or other Diagrams
BusinessRules
TransactionRequirements
SchematronTools
Test SuiteDevelopment
Tools
Test Suites
XML Schemas
Implementation Data
ImplementationContext
Guidelines
XSLTEngine
ConversionRules
Tableof
Terms
Revised Implementation Data
Implementation Schema
Implementation Data
XML Schema
Model Registration
A4
ModelRegistration
ClassificationScheme
Registry &Repository
ClassificationAssistant
XML InstanceReference
Data
New XML Components
QualifiedSchemas
LinkAnnotations
RegistryEntry
A2
A2
A2
A3
A5
A5
Test SuitesTable of Terms
Model Integration
A5.1
Identify OverlapsNew schema
SemanticSimilarityMeasure
A5.2
ResolveDuplicates
SchemaStatus
Duplicates
A5.3
Cross LinkOverlaps
Change Requests
AnnotationTools
ExternalOntologies
ExistingSchemas
Link Annotations
SchemaStatus
ExistingSchemas
Overlaps
AnnotationTools
SemanticAlignmentAlgorithm
New XML Components
Change Requests
Link Annotations
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Overview of NIST Prototype Tools
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
XML Schema Validation Tool
• Objective: Ensure that schemas are compatible with a selected set of parsers
• Core Functionality: Validate one or more schemas or schema extensions with multiple selected parsers and schema files stored in a repository
• Status: Prototype
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Quality of Design Tool
• Objective: Ensure that XML schemas conform to a selected set of design practices, e.g., use of common and valid terms, NDR conformance, use of the XML Schema structures that enhance reusability, maintainability, clarity, and interoperability
• Core Functionality: A flexible environment for specifying and executing best practice rules against the schemas
• Status: Beta – Available upon request. Contact Serm, [email protected]
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
XML Schema Naming Assister
• Objective: Ensure that type, element, and attribute names used in schemas are consistent within the schema and conform to ISO 11179 Naming Convention
• Core Functionality: Decompose names into Object Class, Property, and Representation Term tokens, validate them using a table of terms, and suggest alternate names
• Status: Prototype. Available at http://www.nist.gov/msid/Naming_Assister.html
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
XML Instance Validation Tool
• Objective: Ensure that schemas are compatible with a selected set of parsers, a set of sample data, a previous set of sample data (when the schemas have gone through changes)
• Core Functionality: Automatically validate one or more instance files against associated schemas with multiple selected parsers (in batch mode)
• Status: Prototype is available at http://www.nist.gov/msid/b2btestbed/semantic_checking.html
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Schematron Editor Tool
• Objective: Assist a user in creating Schematron Rules
• Core Functionality: Create Schematron with little or no knowledge of XPATH/XSLT syntax through expression wizards that allow drag-n-drop elements from an imported XML schema business document
• Status: Prototype – available on Sourceforge site http://www.sf.net/projects/cs-wizard
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Semantic Aware Lookup Assistant
• Objective: Assist the user when searching for a reusable business document or components that support data exchange requirements
• Core Functionality: Match data exchange requirements from the user with existing schemas and provide quantitatively measured results
• Status: Research has started
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Classification Assistant
• Objective: Provide a quantitative measure suggesting a suitable classification to register a component within a classification scheme
• Core Functionality: Given a data exchange specification (and documentation), proposed a ranked set of appropriate classification nodes
• Status: Research has not started
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Semantic Alignment Tool
• Objective: Provide quantitative analysis and suggestions for model harmonization
• Core Functionality: Analyze a newly registered data exchange specification against existing ones for semantically duplicative and overlapping structures and suggest alternatives
• Status: Research has not started
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Examples
• Support model validation
• XML Schema Validation tool
• Schema Quality of Design tool
A2.1
SchemaQualification
A2.2
Data CoverageAnalysis
A2.3
SchemaCompatibility
Analysis
NamingGuidlines
DesignRules
RuleBasedEngine
NamingAssistant
Table of Terms
XML InstanceEditing Tool
XMLValidation
Tools
XML InstanceReference Data
XML Schema
ExistingData
BusinessForms
DataExchange
Requirements
Qualified Schemas
XML SchemaSpecification
XMLValidation
Tools
Spreadsheet
Change Requests
Revised XML Instance Reference Data
Revised Qualified Schemas
Requirement Gaps
Qualified Schema
Model Validation
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
What is Schema Qualification?
Tests that a schema• Works with relevant tools• Consistently represents similar concepts• Uses constructs that enhance reusability,
maintainability, clarity, and interoperability• Uses preexisting schemas correctly• Use terms/names correctly and consistently
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Prototype Validation Service
• Uploads an XML schema to test against the W3C standard for XML Schemas
• Validates using multiple XML tools• Provides access to a repository of schemas
which may be extended (e.g., Universal Business Language schemas)
Example 1
DEMO
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Schema Quality of Design Testing Tool
Example 2
• Contains computer interpretable rules based on naming and design guidelines from a number of sources
• Upload rules written in Schematron and JESS into rule-base
• Execute rules against schema and report results
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Application to Developing XML Schemas
QOD applied to grants.gov schemas resulted in several warnings including
• Gobal elements declared in non-desirable places• Anonymous/local types defined in non-desirable places• The “Global” schema doesn’t declare a default namespace• Document/Transaction level schemas define multiple
global elements• Non-determinism found• Redeclaration of elements and types (e.g. programType) in
different namespaces
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Summary
• MDLC is a recipe for building robust data exchange specifications
• It drives development of tools and capabilities– Examples include Validation Service and
Quality of Design tools
• Maximizes reuse of tools to serve a diverse collection of customers
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Contacts
• KC Morris – [email protected] • Serm Kulvatunyou – [email protected]• Josh Lubell – [email protected]• Puja Goyal – [email protected]
References
• Morris, KC , Kulvatunyou, Boonserm, Frechette, Simon , Lubell, Joshua , Goyal, P. , XML Schema Validation Process for CORE.GOV, NISTIR 7187, (2004)
Summary of NIST ToolsetTask Addressed Tool Status & Origin
Diagnose XML Schema design quality by applying best practice rules as well as design guidelines published by an authoritative source.
XML Schema Quality Assessment Tool and Rules Repository (QOD)
Prototype, NIST
Verify XML instance data with respect to the AEX XML schemas. XML Validation Page with WWW interface
Prototype, NIST
Verify the names in an XML Schema using a table of allowable terms and ISO11179 standard conventions.
XML Schema Naming Assister Prototype, NIST
Define XML instance validation rules in Schematron language. Schematron Editor and Constraint Specification Wizard (CSW)
Beta, NIST
Transform an XML Schema and/or XML instance data according to a prescribed design pattern.
XML Simplifier Tool Prototype, NIST
Capture, codify, and execute business rules that are not captured in the XML Schema.
Content Checking Tool (CVTS)http://syseng.nist.gov/b2bTestbed/projects/semanticChecking
Prototype, NIST
Verify an XML Schema interface implementation with respect to the input and output mapping of the content data onto the implementation data store.
Content Mapping Conformance Testing Tool (MapTest)
Prototype, NIST
Monitor and verify choreography of business transactions encoded using the Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS).
BPSS Process Monitor and Checking Tool (BPSS Monitor)
Prototype, NIST
Translate an XML Schema into the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and XML instances into OWL instances.
XML Schema-to-OWL Converter(Xml2Owl)
Prototype, NIST
Determine model-based compatibility among OWL ontologies and consistency of an OWL instance with respect to an OWL ontology.
OWL-based Integrator (OwlInt) Prototype, NIST
Estimate semantically close concepts across two independently developed taxonomies.
Semantic Proximity Estimator (Proxim)
Research, NIST-Academia
Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
Schema Quality of Design Testing Tool