A DIVIDED NATION (1848–1860)

CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOM

HOLT

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

Beginnings to 1877

1

A DIVIDED NATIONA DIVIDED NATION(1848–1860)(1848–1860)Section 1:Section 1: The Debate over Slavery The Debate over Slavery

Section 2:Section 2: Trouble in Kansas Trouble in Kansas

Section 3:Section 3: Political Divisions Political Divisions

Section 4:Section 4: Secession Secession

Chapter 18


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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did the outcome of the Mexican War How did the outcome of the Mexican War

affect the debate over the expansion of slavery?affect the debate over the expansion of slavery? What were the main conditions of the What were the main conditions of the

Compromise of 1850, and what reasons were Compromise of 1850, and what reasons were given for supporting or opposing it?given for supporting or opposing it?

Why was the Fugitive Slave Act controversial Why was the Fugitive Slave Act controversial in the North?in the North?

Section 1: Section 1: The Debate Over SlaveryThe Debate Over Slavery


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The Mexican War and Slavery ExpansionThe Mexican War and Slavery Expansion additional territory renewed the debate over additional territory renewed the debate over

slavery expansionslavery expansion led to the led to the Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso and sectionalism and sectionalism began push for began push for popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty led to the led to the Free-Soil PartyFree-Soil Party upset balance of free and slave statesupset balance of free and slave states



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Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso (1846) – proposal to outlaw slavery in (1846) – proposal to outlaw slavery in the territory added to the United States by the Mexican the territory added to the United States by the Mexican Cession; passed in the House of Representatives but Cession; passed in the House of Representatives but was defeated in the Senatewas defeated in the Senate

popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty – the idea that political authority – the idea that political authority belongs to the people; also a principle that would allow belongs to the people; also a principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban voters in a particular territory to decide whether to ban or permit slaveryor permit slavery

The Mexican War and Slavery ExpansionThe Mexican War and Slavery Expansion


(continued)(continued)


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Free-Soil PartyFree-Soil Party – political Party formed in 1848 by – political Party formed in 1848 by antislavery northerners who left the Whig and antislavery northerners who left the Whig and Democratic Parties because neither addressed the Democratic Parties because neither addressed the slavery issueslavery issue

The Mexican War and Slavery ExpansionThe Mexican War and Slavery Expansion




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Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Conditions of the Compromise of 1850Conditions of the Compromise of 1850

California joins the Union as a free state.California joins the Union as a free state. New Mexico and Utah Territories will use popular New Mexico and Utah Territories will use popular

sovereignty to decide the status of slavery.sovereignty to decide the status of slavery. Stronger fugitive slave law passed.Stronger fugitive slave law passed. Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C. Border dispute between new Mexico and Texas is Border dispute between new Mexico and Texas is

resolved.resolved.



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Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Opposition to the Compromise of 1850Opposition to the Compromise of 1850

Allowing California to enter as a free state would Allowing California to enter as a free state would destroy the balance between the two sections of the destroy the balance between the two sections of the country.country.

California would be admitted unconditionally.California would be admitted unconditionally. Support for the Compromise of 1850 Support for the Compromise of 1850

Preserving the Union was more important than Preserving the Union was more important than regional differences.regional differences.

Slave labor was not necessary in that environment.Slave labor was not necessary in that environment.




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Controversy in the North Controversy in the North over the over the Fugitive Slave ActFugitive Slave Act lacked trial by jurylacked trial by jury bribes were given to government officials for bribes were given to government officials for

supportsupport



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did different regions of the country react How did different regions of the country react

to the Kansas-Nebraska Act?to the Kansas-Nebraska Act? In what ways did people try to settle the In what ways did people try to settle the

conflict over slavery in Kansas?conflict over slavery in Kansas? What series of violent events showed growing What series of violent events showed growing

division over slavery in the United States?division over slavery in the United States?

Section 2: Section 2: Trouble in KansasTrouble in Kansas


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Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act protested in the North protested in the North received strong support in the Southreceived strong support in the South



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Methods Used to Settle the Methods Used to Settle the Conflict Over Slavery in KansasConflict Over Slavery in Kansas compromisecompromise protestsprotests



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Violent Events Over SlaveryViolent Events Over Slavery armed conflict in 1856 in Lawrence, Kansasarmed conflict in 1856 in Lawrence, Kansas Pottawatomie MassacrePottawatomie Massacre (1856) (1856)


Pottawatomie MassacrePottawatomie Massacre (1856) – incident in which (1856) – incident in which abolitionist John Brown and seven other men murdered abolitionist John Brown and seven other men murdered pro-slavery Kansanspro-slavery Kansans


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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect U.S. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect U.S.

political parties?political parties? Why did Dred Scott sue for his freedom, and Why did Dred Scott sue for his freedom, and

how did the Supreme Court rule on his case?how did the Supreme Court rule on his case? How did Abraham Lincoln and Stephen How did Abraham Lincoln and Stephen

Douglas differ in their views on slavery?Douglas differ in their views on slavery?

Section 3: Section 3: Political DivisionsPolitical Divisions


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Effect of the Effect of the Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act on U.S. Political Partieson U.S. Political Parties Republican Party formed in 1854Republican Party formed in 1854 Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party formed in 1849 formed in 1849


Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party – political organization founded – political organization founded in 1849 by nativists who supported measures making in 1849 by nativists who supported measures making it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and to it difficult for foreigners to become citizens and to hold officehold office


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Dred ScottDred Scott Dred ScottDred Scott was a slave who lived in free territory and then was a slave who lived in free territory and then

returned to slave territory.returned to slave territory. He sued for his freedom claiming he had become free when He sued for his freedom claiming he had become free when

he lived in free territory. he lived in free territory. In 1857 the Supreme Court declared: In 1857 the Supreme Court declared:

African Americans were not U.S. citizens.African Americans were not U.S. citizens. The Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery was The Missouri Compromise’s restriction on slavery was

unconstitutional.unconstitutional. Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any federal Congress did not have the right to ban slavery in any federal

territory.territory.



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Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’ Abraham Lincoln’s and Stephen Douglas’ Differing Views on SlaveryDiffering Views on Slavery Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln opposed slavery and opposed slavery and

supported the equal rights for slaves.supported the equal rights for slaves. Stephen DouglasStephen Douglas supported slavery and did supported slavery and did

not feel the African Americans were equal.not feel the African Americans were equal.



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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did Americans react to John Brown’s How did Americans react to John Brown’s

raid on Harpers Ferry?raid on Harpers Ferry? What factors led to Lincoln’s victory in the What factors led to Lincoln’s victory in the

presidential election of 1860?presidential election of 1860? Why did some southern states decide to leave Why did some southern states decide to leave

the Union?the Union?

Section 4: Section 4: SecessionSecession


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Reactions to John Brown’s RaidReactions to John Brown’s Raid Some mourned his death and regarded him as Some mourned his death and regarded him as

a hero.a hero. Others opposed his violence.Others opposed his violence. Southerners felt threatened.Southerners felt threatened. It raised the secession issue in the South.It raised the secession issue in the South.



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Factors Leading to Lincoln’s Victory Factors Leading to Lincoln’s Victory in the Presidential Election of 1860in the Presidential Election of 1860 Lincoln won 180 of the 183 Lincoln won 180 of the 183 electoral voteselectoral votes in in

the free states.the free states. The slave states split their The slave states split their electoral voteselectoral votes thus thus

giving Lincoln the victory.giving Lincoln the victory.


electoral voteselectoral votes – votes cast in states to elect the – votes cast in states to elect the president in presidential electionspresident in presidential elections


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Reasons the Southern States Left the UnionReasons the Southern States Left the Union believed Lincoln would abolish slaverybelieved Lincoln would abolish slavery feared this action would destroy the South’s feared this action would destroy the South’s

economy and societyeconomy and society


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A DIVIDED NATION (1848–1860)