A French Government Part III

Features: 1) More Conservative

2) Placed power in upper middle class

3) Created an strong executive: the Directory

4) Stability

5) New General…Napoleon

3

The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon. The 411:

•Fought against royalty early in Revolution

•Successful military campaigns against Austria and through Italy

•Was trusted by French people

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RtvNQBz_bjI&feature=related

(Napoleon Part 1 8:10min)

Napoleon’s Background

• From Corsica• Sent to school in France at age 9• Became a General in the French

military under Robespierre• When the country was in grave

danger they made him consulate.• As he succeeded he was given

more and more power until he had ABSOLUTE control as Emperor

Napoleon’s Coup D’Etat

With the Directory losing the French people’s confidence, Napoleon was urged to seize power upon his return from Egypt. He did.

Step 1: Napoleon is put in charge of military

Step 2: Napoleon’s troops drive out some National Assembly members

Step 3: Legislature votes to dissolve the Directory

Step 4: Napoleon assumes dictatorial powers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7U0A3LLraOk&feature=related (Napoleon Part 2 7:05min)

Emperor

In 1804, Napoleon

crowns himself emperor and is received by the

Pope

From General…

…to Emperor

NAPOLEON

Napoleon crowned Emperor

Napoleon: Hero or a Villain?

The General Runs the Country and Brings Order

In 1800: people vote to approve Napoleon’s power

What did he do once in power?

•Set up a fair tax collection system

•Established national bank

•Fired corrupt officials

•Set up public schools

•Forged agreement with Catholic Church – but did not give it much power

Hero? • Ended Revolution• Provided stability to restore nation• Expanded France through military

takeovers• Personally led army• Got Britain & Austria to sign treaty->

Peace in Europe• Built parks, bridges, canals, roads• Made Paris beautiful & France great• Created banks & revived economy• Revitalized schools• Equality for men• Created legion of honor medal for

successful men

Villain?• Forces everyone to say oath to

new government• Military coup to overthrow

government• Made himself first consul or

emperor for life- dictatorial powers

• Rewrote constitution taking away rights

• Strong central government • Did not like liberty/rights for all • No free elections• Police state • Spies everywhere • No free press/eliminated

newspapers • to sell propertyWomen had no

right • Slavery returns to the Caribbean

nations controlled by France (Haiti)

Napoleon’s Downfall…strike 1

• Continental System – blockade trade going to Great Britain (he really hates them) but this backfires and puts financial strain on France…people are not happy

More Downfall…strike 2

What is guerilla warfare? You decide…

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xa0Ajlu0O4&feature=related (start at 6:15 and watch until 7:45)

• Napoleon wanted control of the Iberian Peninsula (mainly Portugal and Spain)

• He wanted to limit the power of the Catholic Church in Spain too

• Spain said NO!• Napoleon attacks and the

Spanish fight back using guerrilla warfare (hit and run raids on trains, troops, and country)

• Now Austria attacks France too – Napoleon wins though

Final Downfall…you’re out!• Napoleon turns to Russia

for help but Russian leader doesn’t support him

• Napoleon gets angry and invades Russia

• Russia used scorched earth (burn everything so France has nothing) leaving French cold and hungry

• Lots of French die and they have to retreat…Napoleon is an idiot and has angered his own people

•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqKRUSOJwbk&feature=related (Napoleon Part 3 8:40min)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=458Gw-Xw0u0&feature=related (Napoleon and Russia 6min)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SyWT2SCAUeE (1:48 Spoof)

Bye-Bye Napoleon• Napoleon steps down from

power• Exiled to Elba island• New leader Louis XVIII – not

too great • Loyal people to Napoleon rise

to power• Napoleon escapes island and

returns to Paris with cheers of support – Louis leaves

• 100days in power and others attack in Belgium (Waterloo) and Napoleon crushed

• He goes back into hiding to St. Helena and never returns

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Go5nlOCqi4&feature=related (Waterloo and end 5min)

What do you think?

• Activity:Pick a side…was Napoleon a hero or villain?– Create a political cartoon to support your side– On the back of the cartoon, write a paragraph

explaining your position• This must include: an opening sentence, 3 reasons

of support fully explained, and a closing sentence

So, what do you think… Was Napoleon a hero or a villain?

• Pick a side, ONE SIDE, and prove your point in a 4-paragraph essay.

You need:An opening paragraph– state your claim and

introduce your supports2 paragraphs – one for each reason of support

fully explainedA closing paragraph – restate your side and

hammer it home! Don’t forget to recap each support.