A greenway network for a more sustainable Auckland

Talking and Walking SustainabilityAuckland

21 – 23 February 2007

Patrícia Vasconcelos

Greenway linear green open space

alternative route for travel with non-motorised vehicles

landscape connector

multi-functional

Contents

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Greenways and urban sustainability

Methodology

Case study – Auckland Isthmus

Conclusions

Greenways and urban sustainability

Topics for urban sustainability

Greenway benefits:- environmental- economical- social

Urban sustainability

Greenway network

- Quality of life- Land use planning- Greener urban environments- Open spaces- Connections- Sense of identity and of belonging- Sustainable transport system

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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MethodologyNone existing

Proposed methodology

based on:

interpretation of landscape(Forman & Godron)

network abstract system:

nodes demand areas

links greenways

guided GIS-based approach

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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1) Identification of goal and objectiveswhat is hoped the greenway network will be and what purposes it will serve

2) Land cover assessmentdemand areas identification, node generation

3) Nodal analysisnode weight calculation, choice of nodes

4) Connectivity analysisconnectivity calculation Gravity model

5) Network generationconnectivity, cost to user, cost to builder

6) Evaluation of the outputschoice of most appropriate greenway network

Major steps of the methodology

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

6Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Case study – Auckland Isthmus

Auckland region: 1,223,200 inhabitants => 31% of NZ populationAuckland Isthmus: 420,700 inhabitants, area = 157.34 km2

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Goal:

to improve urban sustainability of Auckland Isthmus

Objectives:

to provide a sustainable alternative transport route

to protect land from development

to preserve open and green spaces

improve their accessibility

1) Identification of goal and objectives

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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to link:

open spaces

green spaces

schools

commercial facilities

community facilities

expressed intention of Auckland City Council

Objectives (cont.)

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Node Class Node Class1 open spaces 7 entertainment 2 green spaces 83 recreation 9 health4 commercial 10 business 5 universities 11 Auckland central area6 schools 12 railway and bus

stations

institutional

Total of nodes: 4,889

Total of node classes: 12

2) Land cover assessment

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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criterion: area

Inventory of possible greenway benefits

Ranking of benefits – choice of most relevant

Calculation of node class weight – NCW

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32 chosen

NW =N area

T area

×NCW

Choice of nodes

Calculation of node weight – NW

Sustainability value

3) Nodal analysis

Based on the relevance of the node class towards the goal of the network

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Representation of all nodes by their NW

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Based on:

Node weight (NW)

Distance (D)

Viability of potential links

links ≤ 1.5 km length

Generation of viable links: 587,602

Determination of connectivity (C):

Gravity model:Cab=

NW a×NW b

Dab2

4) Connectivity analysis

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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guided GIS-based approach

user specifies strategic nodes

route function

cost: connectivity

based on maximum viable greenway network, i.e. all viable links

7 alternative greenway networks – A to G

5) Network generation

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Greenway network – F

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Greenway network – C

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Same main skeleton!

From network A to network G:

cost to builder decreases

cost to user increases

Multi-circuit networks

cross town links

Master plan:

greenway network F

upgrading until C is reached

6) Evaluation of the outputs

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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Greenways are a valuable tool towards urban sustainability

Conclusions

Master plan of a greenway network for a more sustainable Auckland

guide to effective implementation

Methodology proposedguided GIS-based

node weight, connectivity

flexibleuniversal

Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions

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