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INBAR’s Bamboo Housing Experiences
A Growing Sub-programme in INBAR
Shyam K. Paudel, Program Officer, INBAR [email protected]
Dr. Maxim Lobovikov, Programme Manager, [email protected]
UN Habitat reports that (http://www.unhabitat.org/programmes/housingrights)
– 1.1 billion people live in inadequate housing conditions in urban areas alone
– In many cities of developing countries, more than half of the population live in informal settlements, that can be described as life and health threatening
– Among an estimated 100 million homeless people around the world, available data suggest that increasing proportions are women and children.
– The annual need for housing in urban areas of developing countries alone is estimated at around 35 million units (during 2000-2010).
– In other words, some 95,000 new urban housing units have to be constructed each day in developing countries to improve housing conditions to acceptable levels.
Why the programme is significant?
How does bamboo help?• Timbers are getting scarce, inaccessible and expensive• Other building materials are less affordable to poor and
environmentally less friendly
• Bamboo - due to its versatile characteristics - offers solution of above issues -
• It is cheaper (generally $1 or less per culm), durable (if treated properly) and environmental friendly (easily renewable and grows widely)
Why INBAR on Bamboo Housing?• INBAR is an only international organization
mandated for bamboo development
• Aims to use bamboo in varieties of ways for poverty alleviation and economic development
• Aims to work in the line of the goals of UN Habitat and Millennium development
INBAR’s mission on Bamboo Housing
• To contribute to MDG 1,2, 7– to contribute to poverty alleviation, – increase access to primary education and– improve the lives of slum dwellers with an
environmentally sustainable development
• To contribute to the aims of UN Habitat – shelter for all– housing right
• To work mainly on social housing for poor and disaster management
Housing activitiesNew experience for INBAR working in
housing sector. It aims …..• to collect all the existing knowledge on bamboo
housing • to transfer knowledge from one region to other
through training, workshop, publications and demonstration projects
• to develop innovative techniques and system through action research and development
• to develop networking
INBAR activities so far….
• Workshops• Hands- on training in Asia, Africa and Latin
America• Network developing • Web site
For more information - www.inbar.int/housing/main.htm
Some Experiences
INDIA Bamboo Housing Training
Workshop in Mizoram
Oct-Nov 2001
Objective -
• The main objective of the training/workshop was to transfer Latin American Bahareque housing technology to India
• First INBAR Learning on bamboo housing• Partners: UNIDO/BAMTEC• 30 participants from different countries• Hands-on training • Architects from Colombia and Ecuador were
resource persons
Features
A Colombian architect- Sharing experiences
Participants eager to learn
Building on progress - practical session
Structure
Participants built the house
Workshop output- A complete house
Bamboo School and Housing Workshop
Kumasi - Ghana
Feb-March 2003
Objective of the project
• To demonstrate the use of bamboo for the construction of public infrastructures such as school, clinic
• To build local capacity on bamboo housing
• Construction of a bamboo school (primary school of 3 rooms)
• 5 days workshop on bamboo housing - 30 participants from different institutions
• Partners: TRADA -UK, British High Commission, Accra and BRRI - Kumasi
• Outputs - School and a manual (TOTEM)• Technical Inputs - TRADA, BRRI and INBAR
Features
Bamboo preservation
• Poles were treated with Creosote Oil• Bamboo strips were treated with 3% Boron
solution
Creosote Oil- Injection
• Creosote is a inflammable poisonous chemical
• Highly effective and cheaper
• not available everywhere• should not be used for
exposed bamboo parts• recommended for poles
only if injected properly
• Each internode of dried poles were drilled for injecting the creosote oil
Injecting creosote oil
Strips in Boron solution
Foundation
Rods are placed in 1.5 meter apart to fix bamboo poles later
Structure on progress
Grids with bamboo strips are made in 15x 15 cm
Swan timber was used for wall plate to hold the bamboo poles
Prefabricated bamboo trusses
Trusses were prefabricated. Joints were made with gusset plates
Cement plastering of bamboo wall
Chicken mess was used to support cement plaster.
Almost complete
Total wall thickness is 5cm
The school…….
……and the hopes
Furniture are also made from bamboo
Housing workshop for dissemination
Workshop brought attentions
Workshop participants wanted to do by themselves
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu-projects/drivers_urb_change/urb_environment/sustainability.htm
Project in DFID web site
INDIA Bamboo Housing Hands-on
Trainingat IPIRTI, Banglore
Feb 2004
Objective
• To build INBAR capacity to carry out housing projects. People from INBAR project partners were trained on IPIRTI system of bamboo building.
• 3 weeks hands-on training (Feb 2004)• 12 participants from Tanzania, India and Sri
Lanka• Partners - IPIRTI India and CIBART• Output - A small house
Features
Bamboo preservation
Glove is recommended
Inject 20-50 ml of oil in each internode depending upon internode length
Same system as shown in Ghana case - with creosote oil and boron
After boiling 24 hours
Drying
Bases of the poles were boiled in creosote. This part will go underground
Strips in Boron solution
Bamboo poles
Bamboo poles are embedded in the foundation
Bamboo grid wall with cement plaster
Almost complete
Workshop participants
Ecuador -
Village capacity building for bamboo housing
in Rosario
July 2004
Objective
• To involve local community to build community vending shop with bamboo and to train local people to use bamboo for the construction
Preservation
• Cold dipping with 4% Boron solution
Temporary tank
Mixing the chemicals
Immersion of bamboo -
Villagers flattening bamboo
The most obvious flaw of this project was that we used green bamboo - no choice!!
Learning to make pre-fabricated bamboo panels
Panel is ready to put
Fixing the panel
Villagers of all ages and genders participated
Some of the participants
Final
Ecuador-Model Bamboo House in
Guyaquil
June - July 2004
Objective
• To construct a model bamboo house that comprises all the bamboo building or wall systems (so far known). Hybrid model.
• To prepare a manual based on this building
• First INBAR house in LA• A single housing comprising about 10 kinds of
bamboo wall systems (all the systems so far known)
• A poor family benefited from the project• More than 40 arch. Students worked and
learned during the construction• Partners - EC and Catholic University.
Features
Structure on progress
IPIRTI wall
Final view of IPIRTI wall
Latin American Bahareque Walls
Solid BaharequeHollow Bahareque
Bahareque wall with cement plastering
Bahareque wall with mud plastering
Interior wall with bamboo view
Arch. Romero from Catholic Uni. designed this wall
Final Romero wall
Quincha walls
Modern Quincha
with cement
Traditional Quincha
with mud
Quincha walls on progress
Quincha walls …...
Almost finished
Finished house
Public attentions
The house in the TV and the newspaper
The house owner (project beneficiary) in the newspaper
Too many people wanted to learn
University students - working and learning
Yunan China Pigbian School
2003-2004
• Energy efficient school building• All the panels are bamboo board including poles
used for the construction • A Project with WWF- China• Funded by Japanese Embassy - (total amount
US $75000)
Features
Design and construction
Construction
Construction
Working for Social Housing
Learning from Other Social Housing Projects -
• Vivienda Hogar de Cristo(VHC) in Ecudaor
PNB House in Costa Rica - resisted an earthquake of 7.5 Magnitude
Cali, Colombia
NepalBamboo Eco-village Project for Homeless
People in Nepal
Improved Pre-fabricated Bamboo Housing
•To provide eco-friendly sustainable solution of housing for homeless Kamainya (bonded labor) in Nepal.
•To make fuel efficient Kamainya houses by endorsement of improved cooking stoves.
•support to formulate eco-friendly bamboo based housing policy in Nepal.
Objective
• All the walls were pre-fabricated in a company (Himalayan Bamboo)
• bamboos are treated with pressure method with CCA
• normal light block foundation• 3 rooms of 100 sq ft (total area 300 Sq ft)• Outer-wall are plastered• A house is estimated to cost $1000
Features
Existing situation: Temporary shelter
Foundation Work of Bamboo House
Bamboo Treatment using CCA and Boron solution
Prefabrication Process
Panel making
One panel ready
Panels ready
Front view
Back view
Making veranda
Pre-finished house
Front View of Bamboo House
Venturing private sector to build school, community halls
In the Pipeline
• Model House in Ethiopia• School in Mozambique• Action Research on bamboo house for flooding
areas
Future Plan
• Development of a grand project – to replicate the existing modular housing technology (with processed and raw bamboo) especially targeting disaster management
Thank you!!
INBAR’s Innovation
• INBAR/TNC project on prefabricated modular house in collaboration with Fuster company in China
• First of its kind• Panels are prefabricated as board in factory• Easy to transport and easy to assemble• Can be assembled quickly• Good for massive housing program such as for
disaster management• Everything including roof is bamboo