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A jihadi entrepreneurial model based on Jihadi management

and its role in the culture of entrepreneurship

Mohammad Bagher Babai Talatape, PhD in Strategic and defense sciences, University of Imam Hussein, Tehran, Iran

Mehdi Rizvandi Ph.D Student, Department of Management, Qazvin Branh, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran

Corresponding Author:riz56_m@yahoo.com

Abstract

In an organization where the main burden of development is on the shoulders of manpower and development is thanks to the creative and innovative efforts and activities of the human resources, especially managers, entrepreneurial management as a Jihadi will be inevitable. The Islamic Republic, like any other system has the world, the elements, the elements and components that distinguish it from other systems. Jihadi culture is known as culture of work and effort, in fact, is part of the culture and the Islamic system. Jihadi Management is rooted in Islamic management, with the aim of closeness to God and service to people and respect for the people. Entrepreneurship is one of the most effective ways to change the operations and management style, which, moving from bureaucratic thinking leads to operational attitude and culture based on creating opportunity with the destruction of the existing situation, and convert to value creation. An entrepreneur manager with Islamic and Jihadi looking has index that distinguishes him from other people. This paper tries to study and identify indicators of entrepreneurship based on Jihad management, and accordingly, provide a framework called jihadi entrepreneurship. An inductive method is used and the model is provided based on the opinions of experts, and library tools.

Key words: culture of entrepreneurship, Jahadi management, Jihadi Entrepreneurship Introduction and Statement of Problem

Fast and rapid changes in the international environment, and the transition from an industrial society to an information society, and the introduction of phenomena such as economic globalization and information technology on one side, facing the national economy with the global economy on the other hand, needs to have a new management, it can be interpreted as Jahadi management. The main purpose of jihadi management is to accelerate growth process and sustainable development and economic prosperity, and create a Resistive economy

1. Achieving entrepreneurial goals is one of these strategies. Entrepreneurship is a

new concept which at least in the area of economics, management, sociology and psychology, and other issues related to this topic has very short history and is one of the growing concepts. Studies have shown that economic growth has positive correlation with the level of entrepreneurial activities. (MacLeish, Diakonoff, 2006). According to Islam, the management is a key factor for the public good, the integrity and necessary task of competence. Hierarchy in Islamic management is God, angels, saints (AS), Velayat-e faqih, governmental management and organizations as well as the management of the family. Islam in the field of management science has management guidelines, according to the principle of hereafter-oriented, the principle of the lack of priority on God and his prophet in terms of intentions and thoughts in targeting, and planning and the principle of justice and the real justice in the field of planning with Holistic approach to human and material needs (physical and mental) and spiritual (thinking - heart) are considered as value. On the other hand, goal setting, planning, organizing, directing, leadership, monitoring and control and the use of public participation have been valuable in management, and has a special place. Despite the dynamics and developments mentioned above, the need for dynamism in the organization is also tangible for us, organizations to survive in this environment must demonstrate their innovation and initiative, and they must pay attention to entrepreneurship to ensure their survival, entrepreneurship is an issue that that has been discussed within the organization. One of the major problems of the today's organizations is that they have

1 Resistance economy is a way to circumvent sanctions against a country or region experiencing sanctions. This can involve increasing resilience by substituting local inputs for imported inputs, the smuggling of goods and an increase in barter trade. A country may even attempt to turn these pressures into opportunities. In some ways sanctioned economies bear some resemblance to an economy on a war or emergency footing.[1]Measuring economic activity in nations under sanctions requires different techniques than those used for other countries.

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felt the need to entrepreneurship in themselves, but do not know how to deal with this matter. Today's organizations need to managers who tend to challenge the existing norms, and it is not acceptable for them which the activities are carried out by using the old method, these people are those who accept responsibility for their actions. Given the central role of managers in the development of organizations, managers must become entrepreneurs within the organization who follow three important principles: 1. They should learn the principles of professional management, including planning, organization, control,

communications, Rational decision-making, and act on these principles. 2. They should adapt themselves with the entrepreneurial style which is beyond bureaucracy and leads to

innovation in the organization. 3. They should encourage innovation and entrepreneurship in their organization [13]. Given that the issue of human relations in management science is considered as the most important issue, of course in Islam in which the regulation of relations between human is considered as one of the most important issue, has expressed the most important issues. Also, in the intellectual system of human, religious principles is the power supply of management insight, so according to the Islamic perspective, human management is considered as a member of a set in line with management of the world of creation, and director of the system of creation [8]. Jihadi management is not something separate from the other managements, but its main difference with other management systems is related to the defaults and intellectual foundations of Islam management. For example, the profit in Islamic management, and other management systems, including entrepreneurship, is important. In other systems, the value generated by the maximum profit is considered as the main goal. But in the Jihadi management, achieving profit as a means to achieve the overall concept of effort, which is done as legal and religious. Jihadi management benefits from other management ideas, but in its foundations, the divine and idealistic views, and differences in several features, such as bravery, integrity, privacy, justice and so on are arisen. Now the question is, How can we combine and link Jihadi management and entrepreneurship? And How Jihadi management can be institutionalized on creating entrepreneurship as a culture in the organization. [14]. Theoretical foundations and conceptual framework Management Today, management is one of the most important activities in human life. The management method is one of the factors affecting the differences in performance of organization and the various systems. Management is a difficult task that demands special abilities and characteristics. Managers with their positive role can realize the goals and missions of the organizations. Managers are facing various issues in their routine work and knowledge management features can help them do better. There are two groups of managers. Some of them are willing to change the future, and other people only think about stability, the difference between traditional and entrepreneur managers is determined in accordance with the table below.

Table 1: Comparison of Traditional and Entrepreneur managers

NO Traditional managers Entrepreneur managers

1 Very much aware of the rules and buffers They consider regulations only as guidelines 2 The sensitivity to the future and a

willingness to postpone rewards Future concept is based on subjective image and their failure threshold is low

3 The need for acceptance is very high for them.

Two-way approach to control, success and responsibility, and can force others to exploit them

4 The ability to identify problems in each area of work and detailed programs

They don't have good relationship with the theory and discussion and have high motivation and are prone to action.

Source: Eric Wilson, 2012 According to Paul, on the difference between traditional and entrepreneurship management, we can say that entrepreneurship involves a process that leads to innovative changes in the production, while management means a combination of factors of production to production. In other words, management is establishment of continuous coordination between the inputs in the production process, but entrepreneurial is non-continuous phenomenon (event) that leads to emerge innovative changes in the production process using the opportunities [6].

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Table 2: Management Indicators (concepts) based on issues and aspects of management theories

No Management views Expert of Management

knowledge

Important factors Outcome of indicators and concepts based on importance

1 Human resource and motivational theories

Maslow - Herzberg-Mac

Gregor 1956

Internal control- motivation principle,

confidence, humanity

1- internal control 2-humanity

3-Lack of waste (4) Moral and

intellectual leadership

5. idealistic goals 6- lawful business 7- Quranic value 8- high insight, understanding

9. Policy. 10- Insight and

wisdom

2 The theory of bureaucracy-bureaucracy

Max Weber, 1920

Lack of waste- moral and spiritual

leadership 3 Systems theory Brtalanfy, 1960 Humanity - utopian

goals- commitment -

knowledge –insight and understanding

- Complexity 4 The neoclassical theory and

Constructivism Simon, 1950 Ideal goals-the

unofficial structure 5 Theory with divine origin Prophet and

Imam Ali (AS) 650

lawful business, common unity, Quranic value -

devise (theology) -insight and knowledge-

Humanity -spiritual leadership

6 Theory of culture Herbert Kaufman, 1970

Insight and understanding -lack of waste-values and insights-humanity

7 Scientific and administrative management

Frank Taylor, 1925

Insight and decision making-

equality-solidarity, the

initiative 8 Contingency management

theory Lawrence and

Lorch, 1967 Plan and Decision

Making - dynamics –Insight and Understanding

9 The theory of organizational ecology

John Friedman, 1989

Insight and intelligence-

decision-making and policy –

complexity, internal control

In Table 2, many components of different approaches of management science have been studied, and for these theories, there are several components according to the experts of any theory, which the outcome of these components leads to create indices (conceptual), which covers management concepts.

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2.2 Jihad2

Jihad means hardship and inconvenience, and is also meant to arduous. The word jihad is rooted in the conquest, and means efforts with trouble. Jihad means the struggle to achieve high values. So jihad is not just war.! Jihad means striving and trying, which is as old as human history. Jihad is the struggle of faith, conscious, holistic, universal and permanent effort. Jihad is done at the micro level and at the macro level (social campaign to eliminate oppression and injustice) that is rooted in the internal motivation of the people. Jihad has two concepts, the first aspect of it is to eliminate oppression, both self and society and its other aspect is self building or building society. Thus, the term jihad in the Quran and Islamic jurisprudence, is not only jihad with weapons and military but that is all things that lead to implement Islam, and realize it between people and the society, mujahid is person who by whatever be in all fields, including the military, economic (Nisa, verse 95, Anfal, verse 72), scientific Jihad (al-Furqan, verse 52) and the like, tries to meet the goal of Islam. [19]

Table 3: Indicators (concepts) of the Jihadi spirit based on examples of jihadi ideas according to the Quran, Hadith and nahjulbalagha

NO Jihadi spirit Jihadist views Outcome indicators based on the frequency and importance

Quran Traditions nahjulbalagha

1 Trust in God 2 times ----- ----- 1-faith and devotion 2-unity, solidarity 3-kindness and self-sacrifice 4-trust, faith and belief 5-forgiveness of waste 6. avoid sluggishness and laziness 7-discipline and responsibility 8. Flexibility 9. courage and audacity to do with effort 10-dynamism 11. Avoid pride

2 Sincerity 4 times

1 times -----

3 Faith 3 times 1 times -----

4 Unity and solidarity 1 buzzer

2 times 1 times

5 Charity and sacrifice 1 times ----- -----

6 Forgiveness of waste 1 times 3 times 1 times

7 Avoid sluggishness and laziness

3 times 1 times 1 times

8 Order 1 times 2 times 1 times

9 Avoid pride and wonder 1 times 1 times 1 times

10 Remembrance of Allah 1 times 1 times 1 times

11 Revolutionary thought ----- 1 times -----

12 Belief in the ability ----- 1 times -----

13 Justice 1 times 2 times 1 times

14 Velayat-oriented ----- 1 times 1 times

15 Serve ----- 19 times 3 times

16 Working 2 times 10 times 3 times

17 Humility 1 times 8 times -----

18 Flexibility 1 times 2 times -----

19 Working with kindness 1 times 3 times -----

20 Responsibility 3 times 3 times 2 times

21 Courage and boldness ----- 15 times 1 times

22 Dynamism 1 times 8 times 1 times

2 Jihad is an Islamic term referring to the religious duty of Muslims to maintain the religion. In Arabic, the word jihād is a noun meaning "struggle" or "resisting". A person engaged in

jihad is called a mujahid, the plural of which is mujahideen. The word jihad appears frequently in the Quran, often in the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of God (al-jihad fi sabil Allah)". Muslims and scholars do not all agree on its definition. Many observers—both Muslim and non-Muslim—as well as the Dictionary of Islam,[ talk of jihad having two meanings: an inner spiritual struggle (the "greater jihad"), and an outer physical struggle against the enemies of Islam (the "lesser jihad")which may take a violent or non-violent form. Jihad is often translated as "Holy War", although this term is controversial. Orientalist Bernard Lewis claims in the large majority of cases jihad has a military meaning, but others disagree. Javed Ahmad Ghamidi states that there is consensus among Islamic scholars that the concept of jihad will always include armed struggle against wrong doers. Ghamide also states there is no concept in Islam obliging Muslims to wage war for propagation or implementation of Islam after the time of Muhammad (SAW) and his companions, and the only valid basis for jihad through arms is to end oppression when all other measures have failed.

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In Table 3, about Jihad, many instances have been investigated, but an issue that will be discussed in the field of management is according to the jihadi spirit, some factors in the Quran and hadith have stated for the jihadi spirit that their outcome based on the frequency and importance is as follows: 1. Faith and devotion: The most important factors are the jihadi spirit of faith and devotion. Allah in some verses has considered the success on the jihad sincerely and without any fear of blame manifestation as divine grace. This means that anyone not achieve this spirit, unless benefits from faith and devotion. (Al-Imran, verses 173 and 174; Maeda, verse 54, Mmthnh, verse 1) 2. Solidarity and unity: As other jihadi spirit elements and indicators, we can mention unity, solidarity and harmony among social groups. Allah (swt) in verses including 152 Surah Al 'Imran, 45 and 46 of Sura al-Anfal, has pointed out this index, and emphasized the need for unity and to avoid fighting in the jihad against the enemy. 3. Charity and self-sacrifice: Charity and self-sacrifice are considered as other Jihadi indicators. That means person doesn't consider his right and others will be presented.. (Baqara, verse 195) 4. Forgiveness of waste: People in positions of power and wealth tend to become waste. Therefore, they should always put themselves in God and forgiveness of any waste and error. God in verse 174 of Surah Al 'Imran, forgiveness from sin and extravagance consider as jihad and jihadi index. 5. Avoid loose: If the man has endurance and patience, and don't sloth, it is rooted in the term jihad, which means hardship and uninterrupted effort and continuous efforts. Of course, God has emphasized on the need for the Residents avoid deterred in pursuing the enemies of Islam and other things in the verses of Surah Nisa verse 104 of Sura al-Anfal, 45 and 46. 6. Discipline and responsibility: One other characteristic of the jihadi spirit is discipline. God says in verse 4 of Surah Saff, the order of the forces in fight is one of the good and valuable indicators in the realization of the jihadi spirit. 7. Avoid pride and wonder: Power and wealth, and success are created in an issue that human is suffering pride, and the context is provided for error. God in verse 47 of Surah Anfal, prohibitsetting off a battle fronts, with satisfaction and pride. This factor in any other field related to jihad can have a devastating impact and influence. 8. Trust, faith and belief: God has repeatedly insisted on the principle of trust, and even the Prophet had ordered at the time of determination to do something, not forget the trust (Al-Imran, verse 159). This issue of jihad as an indicator emphasized the Quran in verse 51 of Surah Repentance is considered. [9]. 9. Flexibility: God has asked his mans to be well-being and development to find it. But the good work and development that God wants his people need accurate translation, so that we do not mistake the devil. A part of the process of becoming a good person is related to implement fixed and routine programs, and written laws and regulations. Regulations that guide us to a set of r good rules. But that's not all. Not the main part of an issue. But it is the basic premise that must be followed. Devil, for years to worship his God, that means did on the basis of fixed rules. God once had considered a turn offs for the Devil. God said: Now you in this good space in which worship me, I ask you to implement a fluid command, but different and unpredictable. Besides being good, too, you must be flexible. God said, Let the people prostrate today. In fact, it Devil replied: No, not anymore. We killed ourselves, we implement the same rules, but you no longer give a command, it is disturbing. The tradition states that Devil said, "I am ready to worship you do that no one else, only I prostrate to Adam exempt now.". Then God said,I want you obey me as I wanted, not you wanted. (The al-Hikma, C 5, hadith 9533, interpretation Alqmy , vol. 1, p. 42). Only doing good things is not a criterion. When God plays by his commands with your soul, you must be flexible. There are simple examples in the events. In the event, god asks you to be flexible. If you are not flexible, the seemingly pious, your place will be in the depths of hell. 10. Courage with effort and work: Bravery and courage are shown in jihadi culture. Perhaps the most important reason is lack of conservatism in the management system. Courage is a trait that many scholars have pointed out, such a great leader Imam Khomeini, Mahtama Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, which leads to awakening and win in the battle of thought and knowledge. 11. Dynamism and growth: One of the significant differences that can be seen in jihadi culture is dynamics, and evolution and improving. Stagnation and satisfaction with the status quo is reviled in the jihadi culture. The process of changes in the jihadi culture is a change in the direction of change, development. Innovation means innovation, invention, and in some cases means heresy. Innovation is rooted in the perception, and is

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due to view of objects and phenomena from the point of view of new and sometimes innovative product in humans, and therefore, it has a deep relationship with creativity. Innovation is description for the individual or society with new ideas. Also ushering is related to prosperity, opening buds, emerging and open up. The kind of creativity is flourishing. Innovation, such as knowledge, and development such as technology, that means application and development is application of innovation. [18] Islamic and Jihadi Management Islamic Management A thing which is arisen in Islamic management is the rule of Islamic and human values on the management in addition to the advantage of the scientific and administrative frameworks and structures, that is, if the management to do its work benefits from orders, solutions and value, he achieves real success. In fact, it seems that the Islamic management on the basis of the divine values of Islam, provides the context for prosperity of human beings. This, whether at the community level (management and leadership in the Muslim community), and in the organization (management and organizational leadership) is true, that a sample of that in the view change of the people in the organization, from the perspective of human resources along with other organizational resources, to a valuable asset view, which is provided with fostering creativity and innovation in the organization, discusses the issue of human values, the important thing is that commitment can increase efficiency of work and management. [4]. Therefore, the work must lead to those that have the control factor. With no intrinsic value, even the head of an institution, and an organization is not a trusted person. For he, too, must engage those who have special inspection and control. As other people have to look at the work. Therefore, if Islamic and human values are internalized, many of the forces of friction, with products of system with no Islamic values, are released, and do positive and fruitful things. One of the internalization factors of values is according to the word of jihad and jihadi management. At the same time, it is necessary to note also that, this issue is compatible with using this principle which is provided in management science by western experts. But if the organization wants to define their goals and mission only in achieving material interests, over time, after the relative access to them, they will be hesitant to continue activities of their organization and their existential philosophy. Authors and experts who have had theories in the sphere of management and Islam ideas, each according to their interpretations of Islam and moral principles of Prophet (PBUH) and infallible (AS) directly or indirectly have provided definitions and explanations, which a concept of management is resulted from it. Of course, a range of these interpretations and definitions is wide, and is also varied in terms of the outlook. [5] Management system in Islamic thinking stems from its principles of faith, and therefore, the management is related to a set of human and in line with management of the world of creation, with the properties, management is a vision in which the director also is a member of its creation members, who should be consistent with the general rules and regulations, because the organizations which have been entrusted to him, aimed at the general order of the world, and to advance human activities, in order to achieve ideal levels. [3] Thus, the characteristics of Islamic management are divided as follows:

Table 4: Indicators of Management in Islam

1- internal control

2. ethical and moral leadership

3-humanity 4. idealistic goals

5- lawful business

6- Quranic value

7-insight and understanding

8. Lack of waste

9. policy. 10 wisdom and knowledge

Jihadi Management Management can show itself in many forms, but it can realize expected great achievements when the management is associated with jihadi nature. Management, throughout history, from the era of hunting to the era of knowledge is based on different methods and styles, and due to changes, the nature of things is emerging. What is notable in jihadi management is that science and scientific laws are used in a value space, and community, organizations and the people in it, have different customs and special cultural values, which, is unlike maximizing profit in the non-Muslim communities, so that, in this type of management, there is a strong belief in the hereafter, and any attempt is considered as a commitment to reach the good hereafter. Others consider Jihadi management as a kind of management from the Qur'an and the tradition, and believe that for social problems can be referred to the Quran and tradition, and can achieve the ready answer, and

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for example, by using verses, traditions, the monetary inflation in the economy is inevitable. Certainly, such an interpretation is not a correct perception about Islamic and jihadi management. Among the most obvious factor of the jihadi leaders is that, they think, decide, implement as a jihadi manner. In a more complete sense, Jihadi management is meant to take advantage of the wisdom, insight, knowledge and heroic flexibility with stability based on the principles of sustainable management and work [17]. Table 5- Indicators and concepts of jihadi management based on common issues and components according

to the expert of the Quran and the Hadith

No Component Description Dimensions and ideas of Jihadi management

The outcome of indicators based on repeat and importance (Jihadi

management concepts) Experts Quran Hadith

1 benefit from knowledge tools (Knowledge-oriented)

+3 +1 +2 1. The correct pattern of consumption 2-righteousness and piety 3- Spirit of service to the public 4-Chang in culture 5-insight and wisdom 6. Rule-oriented 7-seriousness and effort 8-ethical 9. Time Management 10-initiatives in the jihadi spirit

2 Velayat-oriented- Religion-oriented, Fear of God, without being claimed. Taciturn and prolific,

2 + +2 2 +

3 Initiatives in the jihadi spirit +4 +2 +1

4 Virtue and piety +2 +4 +3

5 The spirit of self-confidence (sympathy- service -loyalty - sincerity)

+2 +3 +1

6 Correct pattern of consumption (lawful business)

+3 +3 +3

7 Regular people (responsibility) +2 +3 +3

8 ethics -oriented (humility-courage- to avoid pride and wonder)

+1 +3 +4

9 Relying on internal capabilities (so kindly- internal control-revolutionary thinking, trust in God- a belief in ability)

+3 +1 +1

10 Change in culture (lack of waste-do effort-order - insight and understanding above)

+3 +1 +2

11 Seriousness and effort (unity and unity-avoid sluggishness a belief in the ability, dynamism)

+3 +1 +2

12 Insight and wisdom (the Quran-insight and understanding and policy-making ,the courage and audacity)

+3 1 + - +2

13 Spirit of service to the public (unity-service-discipline and responsibility - moral leadership -dynamism)

+3 +2 +1

14 Rule-oriented (justice-order-coordinate direction - ideal goals -insight and decision-making)

+3 +2 +1

15 Time Management (order- effort- a revolutionary thought – lack of lavish)

+3 +1 +1

In Table 5, the characteristics of these managers according to the perspective of the Quran and verses and hadith refer to the following issues.

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1. The correct pattern of consumption: A person can be a Jihadi director who doesn't have extravagance and waste for doing things and the exploitation of resources. 2. Change in cultural view: People of the importing countries are encouraged by other countries to consumerism and consumption of imported goods of the multinational companies, which the global economy by their media imperialism in this way could affect all aspects of the people of this planet, and as a result, GDP of the countries is shifted towards more profitable for multinationals companies. 3. Seriousness and effort: One of the most important components of the jihadists is tireless efforts and avoiding laxity and laziness, seriousness and turns over a lot of the benefits which pleasures of ethics and self-purification is necessary for that. 4. Insight and wisdom: A successful Jihadi manager must have a deep understanding and knowledge and enough wisdom. . Is someone who was dead, and we made him alive, and brought light for him to move among people, is like someone who is in the dark and he is not coming out from it? In this way for the unbelievers what they were doing is adorned. (Anam verse 22) 5. Spirit of service to the public: One of the jihadi management elements is the spirit of service to the public that requires forgiveness and sacrifice so much and is of the characteristics of people who would eradicate prefer over others in themselves. 6. Rule-oriented: The necessity of laws and regulations in each community, and the need for universal respect for and observance of exact, is clear and obvious, and some reasons for the progress of any country are having a correct law, equal protection, and keep the dignity of the people of the community. [12]. 7. Ethic-orientated: One of the results of Jihadi management is to get a work and behavioral ethic, for example modesty and humility in terms of the personality and leadership place us in best conditions for decision-making, especially in the management of negotiations. 8. Time Management: Time is the most valuable human asset. Over the time, we get closer to the hereafter life, and the back is not compensated. So, for the management, the issue of time, Contentment and being economical in Islamic Jihadi management also are important, for this reason, doing a thing achieve a result must requires a lot of time. for example, the construction of an airport requires a lot of time, so that employees will be retired after 30 years, but the airport still not open, and we should not built 90-bed hospital, and it will be opened after 26 years (Qalibaf, 2012) [10]. 9. Virtue and piety: One of the distinctive aspects of jihadi management culture is faith and adherence to religious values. To this end, efforts in the jihadi culture is not just physical effort, but the extension and expansion of religious values, practical commitment to Islamic ethics and legal standards, and expand the achievements of the Islamic Revolution are visible in jihadist activities. [19] 10. Initiatives in the jihadi spirit: With regard to some of the Jihad characteristics, which is mentioned, it should be said that the result of these features and characteristics of the product is training of people with the jihadi spirit, people who lovingly - sacrifice - trust gave them tirelessly and continuity in the movement, , without doubt, in any position and responsibility, they pay attention to the jihadi in their behavior more than others, and in the area of their management and job, they pay attention to observe the characteristics mentioned. [18] Relationship between management and Jihad Jihadi management is a specific way of the art and science of harmony to achieve organizational goals, which is related to the Jihad, in which management is a blessing to serve people. Jihadi culture is customs, practices and procedures on how to operate, how to socialize, type of management, and most people have endorsed the culture, and consider it as a culture which makes human, and have called for its extension to other organizations. The movement of jihadists is based on love to serve the people and perform the task in front of God and perform the task in front of bounties. The emergence of social organizations and increasing them is one of the distinguishing features of human civilization. In this way, and due to a variety of spatial and temporal factors, and characteristics and the specific needs of each community, each day the evolution and development of the organization is added ever day. Obviously, every social organization to achieve the designed objectives, and given the structure requires a kind of management. [13]. The relationship between jihad and management is not for the last time, but ancient human has realized that, to achieve the "handling" unsaid things, it is necessary to mobilize the resources and the leadership of these facilities toward the target. In view of the Jihadi management, management is not a trophy, but also a heavy responsibility which for the success of it, even the many arguments must be forgotten. Presence of an element of creativity and

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innovation within the Jihadi manager is one of him characteristics in different scenes. Spirit of humility is another property. Many his activities and services because of this obvious feature, will be covered. Many state officials believe that Jihadi management has been successful management. Jihadi management at different stages can prove this model [7]. In Table 5, these relationships are studied based on the importance and frequency of the instances, which its result is indicators which make basic concepts of jihadi management. Entrepreneurship According to the Shane & Venkataraman point of view, the entrepreneurial is a process that will explore, evaluate and exploit opportunities for producing products and services in the future. Drucker defines entrepreneurship as a perspective to change, and entrepreneur as individual who is always looking for change, responds to it, and sees it as a chance. [21]. According to the Gurol & Astan (2006), entrepreneurship is a key research area among economists around the world. This importance is due to the effect of entrepreneurial activity on the economy and overcoming the problems of unemployment and creating new employment opportunities. The growth of small businesses and the creation of new businesses largely by national economic policies to create wealth and economic growth have been encouraged. [20]. From the perspective of Ahmad Poor Dariani, (2014), entrepreneurship means that capital doesn't lead to move idea, but it is idea that stimulus capital, and success in business with innovative and creative ideas with capital lead to offer new products in the market, which it is called Entrepreneurship [3]. Entrepreneurship is the process of creating new and valuable something that is achieved by devoting time and effort required and accepting financial, psychological and social risk, and is associated with rewards such as monetary rewards and personal satisfaction and independence for the person. Therefore, the entrepreneur is a person who within an organization explores new products, activities and technologies, and provides operates them and directs organizational activities to the creativity, innovation, risk-taking and leading with values. [20] According to Islam, the entrepreneur is a person who with self-reliance and trust in God can use the maximum his physical, material and expertise ability in line with the interests of the society in a society in which he lives and entrepreneurship is a movement which is interpreted along to achieve this ability like creating a valuable thing with a high grade. Indeed, these people would have been the driving force of the organization, and have injected energy organizations, and led to the success of them in dealing with difficulties and disadvantages. Entrepreneurship provides the possibility competition for the organization of society by reforming the traditional management methods, and to help the end customer needs can be met. In fact, entrepreneurship is a concept in connection with an entrepreneurial orientation. Perhaps this claim that entrepreneurship is a national and organizational profitability source of a country is not in vain. Indeed, one of the organization's strategic approaches to achieve high performance and achieve significant success in the field of Jihadi management is entrepreneurship. [2] Entrepreneurship in revelation different perspectives The Quran, which is Muslims constitution and the legal basis, in fact is the book of life, training and life-e-Taiba, and the Prophet of mercy, Prophet Muhammad pbuh emphasized work and entrepreneurship, and did it. What can be exploited of the Quran's verses is that access to decent and healthy life depends on taking advantage of the divine teachings, meditation, positive and helpful thinking and activity. General lines and highways achieve optimal life is unlocking the internal potential and implement of it, because this worldly and material life doesn't have capacity for full development of talents or not even much of human talents. In the training system, and in the words of saints, and especially in view of the Holy Prophet PBUH, along the Quran and the origin of Revelation, economic and entrepreneurial issues have allocated an important part of human life to themselves. Quran with an emphasis on different titles and different positions has stressed work and entrepreneurship and the importance of the economy, which the following are some of them: 1. Expression of unity in the economy and entrepreneurship: From the perspective of the Qur'an, All of creatures and especially humans are resources and means of production and all production activities of man are creatures of God, and the Qur'an considers all of them as works of mercy and grace of God, and every day he is entrepreneurs. 2. According to the Resurrection, economics and entrepreneurship: Quran in different places affirms that all human actions in the Last Day (Resurrection), will be evaluated, and says: "Their language won't able to speak, and their hands and feet speak to us say "and this issue has special attention to economic and behaviors. Quran in this field has stressed issues such as production, distribution, consumption, work motivation, efforts and activities on its side, kindness, charity, forgiveness.

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3. Equity in the business, and the balanced economy and entrepreneurship: The principle of fairness and justice with monotheism and resurrection are some teachings of the Holy Quran. When Imam Ali asked the wise for us to describe wise person, he said: A wise person is who puts everything in its place. In this respect, an entrepreneur is careful and has required creativity to do the right job and the right thing, at the desired time and the proper place. 4. The role of leadership and management in entrepreneurial economy: The principle of management is associated with leadership and government in the community. In line with the principle of unity which considers the sovereignty for God, God chooses people to manage community who are responsible for policy making and economic and professional affairs development at macro level, according to the conditions and circumstances of time and place, and provide the opportunity for entrepreneurs to develop their talents, and consider the centrality of justice based on three categories of development, the discovery of talent (entrepreneurs), doing good and important thing, it is not possible except by knowing and having a program that Holy God considers sending prophets of the creation workshop as example and control, such as Abraham, Lot, Isaac and Jacob. 5. Quran wealth and entrepreneurship power: In several verses, clearly, or as proverbs and stories and in different aspects, wealth is considered, and expressed that love of wealth is an innate issue, and human beings are entrepreneurs, which this feature has created the areas of wealth within him. The accumulation of wealth, provided fulfill obligations, hence, the Quran gives many examples of entrepreneurs, like Solomon, David who with great expertise, accumulated wealth, but have moderated in their own interest, and encouraged community to do activities, and people released from vanity and unemployment, and in turn, gives example of other persons, like Korah, Pharaoh who loved over the accumulation of wealth and did bad things. Blame the rich people pseudo-entrepreneurs: In many verses also these unaware people are reprimanded, and a positive relationship between work and wealth and rebellion, in the absence of capacity has been raised. Such people stand against the truth and the interests of the people and the future, and are thrown the prophets of God into hardship, and stand against the Noah, Abraham, Moses, Saul and the prophet Muhammad PBUH; to the extent that, Noah cursed his St.kar followers, the people who have become rich through illegitimate. [1]. 6. Hayat-e-Taiba and Entrepreneurship: Quran considers good work, good work, positive and constructive activity in all scientific, cultural, economic, political and cultural fields as movement origins towards Hayat-e-Taiba. From great inventions to struggle and martyrdom, and from big things like the mission of the prophets to the smallest things, like pushing a small stone in the middle of the road, in the broad sense, are collected, and all of these cases, in the words of the Prophet PBUH are expressed, because human is equal to effort, and hard work is the essence of his existence. It says: "God asked you to work and effort is required to you, then try [12].Given the essential role of government in the formulation and implementation of development programs in Iran, and the need for efficiency and dynamics of government organizations in the fulfillment of this important mission, experts, policy makers, planners and managers of the public sector believe that, taking into growing and diverse customer expectations, rapid changes in the global environment and intense competition, the era of the traditional management in the public sector organization administration is over. Therefore, it is better for effectiveness of public organizations, a new approach as "the entrepreneur government with jihadi management" is raised, which should see a fundamental change in public administration. Entrepreneurship in organizations and governments with Jahadi management, in a recession situations, and at a time when the private sector loses be the ability for reaction has utmost importance. Entrepreneurship of government, as well as for countries that are struggling with underdevelopment is important. The entrepreneurial government guarantees growth, productivity and competitiveness of the economy, as well as explains opportunities to Jihad, and provides necessary guidance for private-sector entities. Governmental agencies are entrepreneur when are alert to changes, discover opportunities, and exhibit innovative actions, which it is possible only through link Islamic and jihadi management with entrepreneurship management [16].

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Jahadi Management measures and the role of Jahadi management in the culture of entrepreneurship Implementation of jihadi and entrepreneurship management indicators Jihadi managers do not know management their rights, but define right as serve the people and promote organizational goals. A successful manager, with trust in the God, and in the course of human reverence, considers erroneous ways to manage as impasse routes, and with peace and development starts and finishes his activities. A Jahadi Manager prevents his subordinates to lose face by misplaced anger and inappropriate punish, this kind of behavior of Jahadi manager is because of his faith and knowledge, which leads to the satisfaction of God's servants and therefore God will be satisfied [13]. However, the leadership in today's organizations requires patience and tolerance, which is created by influence on employees and subordinates and we can mention how jihadi management influences in the leadership of an organization. In this regard, according to the richness of religious teachings, and having management practices in Islam, it is required that entrepreneurial management is in line with Islamic management. Table 2 shows the indicators of entrepreneurial and Jahadi management which lead to jihadi entrepreneurship [15].

Table 6: Implementation of jihadi and entrepreneurship management indicators

No Indicators of Islamic and Jihadi management

Indicators of Entrepreneurship management

1 Seriousness and effort Strong perseverance, success-oriented, pragmatic 2 self-reliance and Trust Independence, assertiveness in decision making,

intrinsic motivation, motivation to grow 3 Insight and wisdom Creativity and innovation, risk management,

planning, tolerance of ambiguity, Futurism 4 Sincerity Central control, confidence 5 Spirit of service Social skills, influence and persuasion,

interpersonal communication 6 avoiding Waste and wastefulness Opportunity-oriented, energy guidance

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Table 7: Indicators (concepts) of based jihadi entrepreneurship based on subscribe examples of the jihadi and entrepreneurial management measures

No Theories of entrepreneurship

Components of entrepreneurship Outcome of indicators

based on the frequency and

importance

1 Peter Drucker, 1985 The pursuit of value- Risk taking and risk-taking, they think healthy, it is based on the profit basis

1. Individual and creative

person 2 full-service

effort 3-leadership with vision

4-confidence sincere

5. believes risk

6- serious contentment

7-success-seeking and

religious risk-taking

8-pragmatism with trust in

God 9. profitability legitimate or

approach God in the

economic system

10- honest opportunism

2 Mr. William Baumol, 1989

Innovation, imitation and initiative

3 Timonz, 1990 Creating valuable insight

4 Alvarez and Barney, 2005

Create opportunities in the learning process

5 Amit et al., 1993 Metaphor of opportunities and a process of identifying and creating new combinations of resources

6 Aldrich and Cardoso, 2005

Creating value in terms of uncertainty

6 Fern Ham, 1994 Success-seeking, internal control - risk taking - tolerance of ambiguity seeking – Independence-seeking

7 Shin and van Katarmn, 2000

The process of discovery, evaluation and exploitation of opportunities

8 Goraul and Astan, 2006

Create new job opportunities for profit

9 Alvani, 2008

10 Ahmad Poor dariani 2014

Taking innovative and creative ideas to investors to provide product

11 Shah Abadi, 1392 Entrepreneurial risks and seize the opportunities of high-admission process

Davidson, 1998 Competitiveness, Orientation To Money, Development And Autonomy, efficiency, Partnership Social And Skill

12 From the perspective of Islamic values

1. Entrepreneurship in the view of

revelation 2-expression of

unity in the economy and

entrepreneurship 3. According to the

resurrection and Entrepreneurship

4. justice in Business 5. Leadership and management in

entrepreneurship 6. Quranic wealth

and entrepreneurship

7-blame rich person like an entrepreneur 8-Hayat-e-Taiba and

Entrepreneurship

Strengthening religious culture - duty Jihad in Allah's way – a means for the well-being and self-esteem - opportunity-oriented and spiritual guidance - honest belief in risk

taking – Indonesia, consider interests of society in their own interests - use of stability in the economic system in the Anfal, Khums,

Zakat and ...

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In Table 7, entrepreneurial ideas and views on contemporary perspective and Islamic issues have been compared, and based on the implementation of their subscriptions, indicators and criteria have been achieved, which represent a new perspective on valuable entrepreneurship, as Jihad entrepreneurship. Jihadi entrepreneurial model According to the literature review, and the characteristics and indicators stated, it can be drawn an implicit model as jihadi management for creating entrepreneurship. This model which is developed based on work experience and y initial concept and can be the basis for expressing the role of Jihadi management in entrepreneurial culture based on the Jihadi basis. In this model, combination of management indicators based on Islam with the concept of jihad, which in this study, Jihad is in the sense of intellectual and moral tireless efforts, the word of jihadi management concept with 20 indicators is specified, which if entrepreneurs using these indicators explore and exploit its opportunities by using business in order to create values such as self-interest that leads to growth and prosperity and human development, the context for emergence of real value, Jihadi entrepreneurship will be provided, which in turn, it is notable. According to what was said, the Jihadi entrepreneurial characteristics, for what expressed include the following:

Table 8: Indicators of Jahadi entrepreneur person according to the Table 7

1. Value-driven and creative person

2. hardworking server

3-leadership with vision

4- Sincere self-esteem

5-Religouse and high risk

6- serious contentment

7-operated timer 8-pragmatism with trust in God

9- legal profitability

10- honest opportunism

Figure 1: The jihadi entrepreneurship model

Islamic-based management:

internal control, moral leadership, Morality-oriented, humane, idealistic objectives, lawful

business

Intellectual jihad: Faith and devotion,

unity, charity, sacrifice,

forgiveness of waste, to avoid

sluggishness, order, avoid pride and ...

Jihadi management:

Seriousness and dedication, spirit of self-esteem, insight and wisdom, spirit of service, to avoid extravagance and

wastefulness and...

Entrepreneurship as an

Islamic value:

- An expression of unity in the economy, according to

economic resurrection,

fairness and justice in business, economic

leadership, Qurani wealth,

life-e-Taiba in the economy away from pseudo-

entrepreneurship

Features of jihadi entrepreneur:

1. Value-driven and creative person

2 hardworking server 3-leadership with

vision 4- Sincere self-esteem 5. Religious and high

risk 6- Serious contentment 7-success-seeking and religious risk-taking 8-pragmatism with

trust in God 9. Legal profitability to

approach God in the economic system

10- Honest opportunism

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This model is designed using the opinion of experts, and the objective evidences, and evidences collected that after the classification and presentation of new relationships, it will need discussion and criticism and testing that can be considered as a process-scientific–theory model in which approaches have been fixed over time, and ultimate causation, ie the jihadi entrepreneurship as a new concept be considered.

Conclusion Jihadi management is not other than scientific management, which is based on the formulas and rules raised in management knowledge. The difference between system of this kind of management which has additional combination (Islamic or Jihadi), with absolute management is that it is based on Islamic values and jihadi thinking. Jihadi management plays an important role in the scientific theories of management, as well as its practical ways, so in the value system of Islam of Muslim leaders has a practical effect, and gives them value, as this is the same in the Islamic economy. The five main components of knowledge economy, such as the law of supply and demand, production, distribution and consumption are implemented by rules raised in the economy knowledge, but in all these processes, the value system of Islam is considered as a basis. Therefore, as in Islamic economics, there is not a Islamic value system, rather, it is considered as basis of that, also in Jahadi and Islamic management, the economy knowledge system rather than scientific laws and values of Islam is considered as basis of scientific management rules, therefore, Islamic and Jihadi and entrepreneurial management is based on two basis of management knowledge and value system, which is considered as the basis of management rules and applied practices of managers management. Conclusion is that Islam in all the dignity of human life, including micro and macro management, community leadership and international relations has law and the message, and by its value system has effect on all of these issues. In this way, Jihadi management is a kind of value management with cultural authenticity, which is consistent with scientific management. Value Management advises and says that, you're dealing with human beings, and human beings have the values that must be considered. All technical and scientific requirements are within the values. In short, in today's changing world, if the organizations can't respond to change, or be passive in dealing with the change, they stay behind from others. In other words, companies must pay to innovation, or they will face with failure, and as previously discussed, the pursuit of innovation and entrepreneurship requires organizational entrepreneurs in the companies. Given that, many advanced and developed countries in the world have been able to achieve their economic and social development by using extensive research and application of this concept, it is necessary that, in Islamic countries, targeted research in this field should be done, to identify problems by doing this research, and to use benefits of the process in the development of the country by development of scientific models and patterns for the implementation of this process at the level of governmental organizations. With a view to the above, and the operation of the model described in this paper can be mention the applications of jihadi entrepreneurship in the form of the following topics for the entrepreneur government and community.

1. Expertise and strategic look to economic and living problems of the people. 2. According to the local production and exports of goods. 3. Identify essential needs of the people in the field of economy. 4. Realistic look to the global economy and how to interact with the outside world and relations between countries. 5. The correct identification of existing capacities and identify timely opportunities and exploit them. 6. Act quickly needed to resolve issues and problems. 7. Avoid hastiness in Macro decisions . 8. Correct and timely use of the capacities and capabilities and political, economic and cultural potentials. 9. Appropriate use of domestic resources (energy, etc.). 10. Increasing the incentive to support economic policies. 11. Creating equal opportunities for all domestic businesses, and investors. 12. Pushing all cultural tool and local media to promote and encourage the correct use of products and local

production. 13. Raising the productivity of labor hours at the state level (offices, factories, etc.). 14. Speeding up the flow of capital and distribution facilities in the country without any additional time. 15. Creating new systems by maintaining the potential to solve unforeseen problems on economic issues. 16. Enhance the role of small businesses in the country's economy in order to increase production.

17. Facilitating and adoption of rules for entrepreneurship and protectionism.

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18. A special focus on underserved and low motivation areas to establish social justice and to raise public .support.

19. Having the necessary training in order to create the jihadi spirit and effort thought between entrepreneurs

20. Create spaces of criticism and the creation of healthy conditions for those seeking a real business Therefore, after investigations conducted, the entrepreneurial model can be used for the jihadi entrepreneurial model to explain the relationship between jihadi management and entrepreneurial culture in the sense of valuable pragmatic activities, which suggests that this model will also be assessed quantitatively by doing further research to better understand and develop jihadi entrepreneurship theory. Thus, the Jihadi entrepreneurship means: God's way of life with the intention of pleasing Allah

Legitimate wealth creation process

The process of creative valuable hereafter destruction

Beyond job

Benefit from a healthy and legitimate opportunities

Creating new organizations and businesses with spiritual identity

Development opportunities and innovative measures in the shadow of the Almighty Allah favors

And all these features according to the Holy Qur'an and the words of profound religious leaders are some characteristics of the sampled and selected people in the universe, which can develop their spiritual world by their performance and thinking, in addition to the acquisition of wealth and the improvement of their material world. References 1. Badiani, AA, entrepreneurship according to Islam, the Quran and the infallible Imams (AS), the Institute of Labor and Social Security, 2013 2. Tajabadi, R, Mashayekhi, the indicators and signs of consciousness, a measure to evaluate Jihadi Management, 2th Jihadi Management Conference, 2009 3. Taghavi Damghani, Reza, 2013, attitude on Islamic management, Tehran, Islamic Development Organization 4. Hosseini, Ehsan, entrepreneurial management, modern jihad in the Iranian industry, 2th National Conference of modern management science, 2013 5. Khanifar, Hussein, entrepreneurship in the value system of Islam, Journal: Porseman- July 2006, No. 46, p. 4 6. The first word, Jihadi and moral Management, Educational and Ethical Journal of the People, No. 41, S5-4 7. Ebadi, Siavash, recognizing the entrepreneurial training process, the most important strategy for development of Jihadi management, the third congress of modern management science, 2014 8. Abdolahian, Zeinab, Maryam, A., jihadi management indicators and jihadi management role in the entrepreneurial culture, first management and development Futures Conference, 2014 9. Azizi, Mehman doost, The accuracy of management in the perspective of Islam, Afaq Din Journal, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 64 -49 10. Ghaed Ali, Hamid, Ashoori, M, Jihadi Management, an example of the application of Islamic management, the first National Conference of jihadi management, 2012 11. Karami, Roohollah, jihadi management requisites, Nasim dehloran site, 2014 12. MoradNia, explanation of Jahadi management and its indicators, 2th Conference on jihadi culture and management, 2009 13. Morshedi Zadeh. F, The relationship between Islamic management and Jihadi management and its role in the entrepreneurial culture, the first national conference on research and development in the Third Millennium, 2014 14. Moqimi, M, Entrepreneurship in government agencies, 2008, Fara Danesh Publication, Tehran 15. Hashemi Rakavandi, Seyed Mojtaba, 2000, leadership and human and organizational relations management in Iran, Islam and the West, Baten Publication, First Edition 16. Shah Abadi, Ali, Entrepreneurship values in Islam, Journal of Entrepreneurship development, 2013, the sixth year 17. Saffar, Mashallah, explore and investigate effective indicators on achieving Jahadi management, 2014, News Bulletin 18. Babaei, Hasan, 12 jihadi management features, Quranic Associations in Isfahan province News Agencies, 2014 19. Babai, Talaeiye, Muhammad Baqir, management engineering in the Alevi culture, University of Imam Hussein (AS)Publication , second edition, 2012, pp. 45-120 20. Giunipero, L.C. & Denslow, D. & Eltantawy, R. (2005), “Purchasing/Supply chain management flexibility: Moving to an entrepreneurial skill set, ” Journal of Industrial Marketing Management, 34,pp602-613 21. SHANE.S,VENKATARMAN.S,The promise of Entereprenership as A Field of Research, Academy of Management Review ,2000,Vol25,No1,217-226