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a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step – Lao Tzu

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Presented by UC Berkeley*Fall/Winter 2013

*with lots of help from the Library of Congress, UC San Diego, Chris Oliver, and others who have written awesome reports and articles.

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Practicalities• Breaks• Beverages• Food• Apply active listening techniques

Avoid distractions

Show that you’re listening

Provide feedback

Keep an open mind

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don’t panic

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Learning Objective for the 6 Day Course:

Use and apply RDA to catalog materials with or

without OCLC copy.

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Day 1 – Foundations: FRBR, RDA, BSRDay 2 – Using the RDA ToolkitDay 3 – BSR in RDA instruction order Pt. 1Day 4 – BSR in RDA instruction order Pt. 2Day 5 – Constructing AAPs & using relationship designatorsDay 6 – BSR in MARC orderAdditional training…

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each day has its own learning objectives

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Day 1 Learning Objectives

• Identify FRBR Group 1 entities

• Identify FRBR Group 1 attributes

• Identify FRBR Group 2 entities

• Conceptualize relationships between Group 1 and Group 2 entities

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Day 1 Learning Objectives, continued

• Understand the relationship between FRBR & RDA

• Become familiar with the PCC MAPS, the PCC BSR for Print Monographs, and both the PCC and UCB Policy Statements

• Impress friends and colleagues with your command of FRBR and RDA terminology

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FRBR RDA BSR• FRBR - a conceptual model, the foundations

for RDA

• RDA - cataloging instructions that are based on the FRBR conceptual model

• BSR - the PCC’s standard for creating bibliographic records using RDA – also used by UC and UCB

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FRBR “Furburr”

• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

• Not a set of rules or instructions

• Uses an entity relationship model, rather than descriptive analysis

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Why Do Libraries Need FRBR?• To avoid becoming marginalized by other

information delivery services

• To cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries

• To encourage redesign of our systems to move us into linked data information discovery and navigation systems in the Internet environment

• To make our bibliographic descriptions and access data more internationally acceptable

13Tillett, Barbara. Keeping libraries relevant in the semantic Web with RDA: Resource Description and Access. First appeared in Serials, Nov. 2011 issue, Vol. 24, no. 3.

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Why Do Catalogers Need FRBR?

• It will be easier to understand RDA

• It will be easier to navigate the RDA Toolkit

• We can better apply RDA

• It will be easier to use cataloger’s judgment in context

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FRBR User Tasks

1. Findto locate either a single entity or a set of entities as the result of a search using an attribute or relationship of the entity

Find the work: “Hamlet”

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FRBR User Tasks, cont’d.

2. Identifyto confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics

Which “Hamlet” in the retrieval set is the one I’m looking for?

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FRBR User Tasks, cont’d.

3. Selectto choose an entity that meets the user’s requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject an entity as being inappropriate to the user’s needs

The 1987 Penguin edition is available in print and online; but the online version lacks the “marginalia” added by the previous user.

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FRBR User Tasks, cont’d.

4. Obtainto acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically through an online connection

It is snowing outside and I don’t want to walk to the Library. I will download the online

version through the Library’s access to Ebrary

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Who Are Users?

People and Machines

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The FRBR ModelIn an entity-relationship (ER) model 3 things exist:

Entitiesare things (physical or abstract)

Attributes are properties/characteristics of either

entities or relationships

Relationshipsare interactions among entities

3 Groups of FRBR Entities

Group 1 Entities:Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items

Group 2 Entities: Persons, Families, Corporate Bodies

Group 3 Entities:Concept, Place, Event, Object … plus …

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Group 1 Entities“WEMI” “IMEW”

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WORK

EXPRESSION

MANIFESTATION

ITEM

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

An abstraction: a distinct intellectual or artistic creation

Another abstraction: the intellectual or artistic realization of a work

The physical embodiment of an expression of a work

a single exemplar of a manifestation

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WORK

EXPRESSION

MANIFESTATION

ITEM

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory

Roald Dahl’s text

published by Knopf in 1964

ED-P’s copy with call # PZ7 Da44 C4

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A Moment for Questions, Reflection,

and Oxygen

followed by

A Detailed Look at Individual Group 1 Entities and their

Attributes

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Group 1 Entity: WORK

a WORK is …

• A work is an abstract entity, an idea in the mind of a creator

• A distinct artistic or intellectual creation

• There is no material or physical object

• It is realized through expressions27

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What’s a WORK?

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Identify the WORKA. Ivan Argüelles’ That Goddess

B. Queen’s Bohemian RhapsodyC. An autographed copy of Green Eggs &

Ham

D. Foucault’s Pendulum, an English translation of Umberto Eco’s Pendolo di Foucault

E. An audio recording of The Agony & The Ecstasy

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WORK Attributes

• Title• Form• Date• Intended Termination• Intended Audience• Context • Medium of

Performance (musical work)

• Numeric Designation (musical work)

• Key (musical work)• Coordinates

(cartographic work)• Equinox (cartographic

work) • Other Distinguishing

Characteristic

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Identify the Work attributes

Location/Call No. Education-Psychology Children's Lit Coll PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981

008 830811 1981 nyu j eng u 090 PS3573|b.Wi442V5.1981 100 10 Willard, Nancy. 245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen 250 1st ed 260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981 300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm 520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive

at William Blake's inn 600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature. 650 0 Children's poetry, American. 650 0 American poetry. 700 10 Provensen, Alice. 700 10 Provensen, Martin.

Group 1 Entity: EXPRESSION

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The EXPRESSION

• Alpha-numeric notation in a specific language• Musical notation• Choreographic notation• Sound• Image• Object• Movement• Or any combination of such forms

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“An expression is the specific

intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is

realized.” FRBR p.19

Identify the EXPRESSION

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A. Spanish translation of Ivan Argüelles’ That Goddess

B. Performance of Queen’s Bohemian Rhapsody

C. An autographed copy of Green Eggs & Ham

D. Umberto Eco’s Pendolo di Foucault

E. An audio recording of The Agony & The Ecstasy

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What is the RELATIONSHIP between an EXPRESSION and a WORK?

WORK

EXPRESSION

is realized through

is the realization of

The logical relationship between Work & Expression is the first of the 3 Primary WEMI Relationships

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EXPRESSION Attributes

• Title• Form• Date• Language• Extensibility• Revisability• Extent

• Context• Summarization of

Content• Critical Response to

the expression• Use restrictions on

the expression

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Serials: Sequencing pattern, Expected regularity of issue, Expected frequency of issue

Musical notation: Type of score, Medium of performance

Cartographic images/objects: Scale, Projection, Presentation technique, Representation of relief, etc.

EXPRESSION Attributes, cont’d.

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Identify the Expression attributes

Location/Call No. Education-Psychology Children's Lit Coll PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981Barcode: B000511019

008 830811 1981 nyu j eng u 090 PS3573|b.Wi442V5.1981 100 10 Willard, Nancy. 245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen 250 1st ed 260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981 300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm 520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive

at William Blake's inn 600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature. 650 0 Children's poetry, American. 650 0 American poetry. 700 10 Provensen, Alice. 700 10 Provensen, Martin.

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Group 1 Entity: MANIFESTATION

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a MANIFESTATION is ...

• The physical embodiment of an expression of a work.

• It represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics in terms of intellectual content and physical form.

• Whether production is small or large, the set of all the copies produced in each case is a single manifestation.

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1. Robert Elmer’s Archery

2. Robert Elmer’s Archery published in Philadelphia by Penn Pub. Co. in 1933

3. MAIN’s copy of Archery by Robert Elmer published in Philadelphia by Penn Pub. Co. in 1933 with call # GV1185 .E43 MAIN

4. Archery; a poem by James Ogden. [Manchester] : Printed for the author, 1793.

Identify the MANIFESTATION

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MANIFESTATION Attributes• title of the manifestation • statement of

responsibility • edition/issue designation • place of

publication/distribution • publisher/distributor • date of

publication/distribution • fabricator/manufacturer • series statement • form of carrier

• extent of the carrier • physical medium • capture mode • dimensions of the carrier • manifestation identifier • source for

acquisition/access authorization

• terms of availability • access restrictions on the

manifestation • typeface (printed book) • type size (printed book)

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Manifestation Attributes, cont’d.• color (image) • reduction ratio (microform) • polarity (microform or visual

projection) • generation (microform or visual

projection) • presentation format (visual

projection) • system requirements (e-

resource) • file characteristics (e-resource) • mode of access (remote access

e- resource) • access address (remote access

e-resource)

HAND-PRINTED BOOKS:• Collation• Foliation

SOUND RECORDINGS:• playing speed• groove width• kind of cutting• tape configuration• kind of sound• special reproduction

characteristic

SERIALS:• publication status• numbering

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Identify the Manifestation attributes

Location/Call No. Education-Psychology Children's Lit Coll PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981

008 830811 1981 nyu j eng u 090 PS3573|b.Wi442V5.1981 100 10 Willard, Nancy. 245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen 250 1st ed 260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981 300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm 520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive

at William Blake's inn 600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature. 650 0 Children's poetry, American. 650 0 American poetry. 700 10 Provensen, Alice. 700 10 Provensen, Martin.

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What is the RELATIONSHIP between a MANIFESTATION and an EXPRESSION?

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is embodied in

embodies

The logical relationship between EXPRESSION & MANIFESTATION is the second of the

3 Primary WEMI Relationships

EXPRESSION

MANIFESTATION

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Group 1 Entity: ITEM

Group 1 Entity: ITEM

• An item is a concrete entity

• It is a single exemplar of a manifestation

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1. The buffalo book: the full saga of the American animal / David Dary [S.l.] : Swallow, [1974]

2. Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus

3. Catalog Department Reference Area’s LCSH in 6 vols.

4. Willy Wonka & the chocolate factory DVD 1723 held by MRC

Identify the ITEM

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ITEM Attributes

• Item Identifier• Fingerprint• Provenance of the

item• Marks/inscriptions

• Exhibition history• Condition of the

item• Treatment history• Scheduled

treatment• Access restrictions

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Identify the Item attributes008 830811 1981 nyu j eng u 100 10 Willard, Nancy. 245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen 250 1st ed 260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981 300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm 520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive

at William Blake's inn 600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature. 650 0 Children's poetry, American. 650 0 American poetry. 700 10 Provensen, Alice. 700 10 Provensen, Martin.

Location/Call No. Education-Psychology Children's Lit Coll PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981 Barcode: B000511019

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Item Attribute?

RELATIONSHIP: owner

Location/Call No.

Education-Psychology Children's Lit Coll

PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981

Barcode: B000511019

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What is the RELATIONSHIP between a MANIFESTATION and an ITEM?

MANIFESTATION

ITEM

is exemplified

by

exemplifies

The logical relationship between MANIFESTATION & ITEM is the third of the 3 Primary WEMI Relationships

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WORK

EXPRESSION

MANIFESTATION

ITEM

is realized through

is embodied in

is exemplified by

Poem “Leaves of Grass”

Walt Whitman’s text

publication of Whitman poems by Thayer and

Eldridge in 1879 or 1880

BANC’s copy with call # PS3201 1879

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The Will to Clarity

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WORK Also Sprach Zarathustra by

Friedrich Nietzsche

Expression 1 original

German text

Expression 2 English

translation

Manifestation 1. Published by Alfred Kroner

1953

Item 1.UCB MAIN Copy 1

C042182560

Item 1B.UCB MAIN Copy 2 C070436387

Manifestation 2. Published by Thistle Press

1964

Item 2. UCB BANC no barcode

Manifestation 2B. Published by Macmillan

1916 – digitized by HathiTrust

Item 2B. UCB online resource

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Differentiating Between

Different Works

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Didn’t Richard Strauss Compose “Also Sprach Zarathustra”?

Or, When is a Work a new Work, or the same Work?

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“…variant texts incorporating revisions or updates to an earlier text are viewed simply as expressions of the same work. Similarly, abridgements or enlargements of an existing text or the addition of parts or an accompaniment to a musical composition are also considered to be different expressions of the same work. Translations from one language to another, musical transcriptions and arrangements, and dubbed or subtitled versions of a film are also considered different expressions of the same original work.” FRBR p.17-18

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On the other hand…“… when the modification of a work involves a significant degree of independent intellectual or artistic effort, the result is viewed … as a new work. Thus, paraphrases, rewritings, adaptations for children, parodies, musical variations on a theme and free transcriptions of a musical composition are considered to represent new works. Similarly, adaptations of a work from one literary or art form to another (e.g. dramatizations, adaptations from one medium of the graphic arts to another, etc.) are considered to represent new works. Abstracts, digests, and summaries are also considered to represent new works.” FRBR p.18

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Same Work, Different Expression

revisions, updates, abridgements, enlargements, addition of parts, or an accompaniment, translations from one language to another, musical transcriptions, arrangements, dubbed, or subtitled versions

New Workparaphrases, rewritings, adaptations for children, parodies, musical variations on a theme, free transcriptions of a composition, adaptations from one literary or art form to another, abstracts, digests, and summaries

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Original Work-- Same

Expression

Same Work – New Expression New WorkCataloging Rules

Cut-Off Point

DerivativeEquivalent Descriptive

Facsimile

Reprint

ExactReproduction

Copy

MicroformReproduction

Variations or Versions

Translation

Simultaneous“Publication”

Edition

Revision

SlightModification

ExpurgatedEdition

IllustratedEdition

AbridgedEdition

Arrangement

SummaryAbstractDigest

Change of Genre

Adaptation

DramatizationNovelizationScreenplay

Libretto

FreeTranslation

Same Style orThematic Content

Parody

Imitation

Review

Criticism

AnnotatedEdition

Casebook

Evaluation

Commentary

Family of Works 1 Based on diagram in “Bibliographic Relationships,” Barbara B. Tillett. Ch. 2 in: Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge, edited by Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, p. 19-35.

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Same Work or New Work?WORK: Bach’s The Art of the Fuguea) Original score written for organb) Arrangement for organ and flutec) Choreography for 12 dancers

WORK: A Visit to William Blake’s Innd) Screenplaye) Translation into Frenchf) Braille

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The FRBR ModelIn an entity-relationship (ER) model 3 things exist:

Entitiesare things (physical or abstract)

Attributes are properties/characteristics of either

entities or relationshipsRelationships

are interactions among entities

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Group 2 Entities“PFC”

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We’re going to leave FRBR for a bit and visit its cousin FRAD

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Functional Requirements for Authority Data“FRAD”

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Group 2 EntitiesPersons, families, and corporate

bodies are responsible for:

a. the intellectual or artistic content, b. the physical production and

dissemination,c. and the custodianship of

the entities in the Group 1.

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FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data) User Tasks

–Find: Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria–Identify: Identify an entity–Clarify (Justify): Document the authority

record creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which an access point is based. –Contextualize (Understand): Place a person,

corporate body, work, etc. in context

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FRAD Attributes of a Person•(Name)•Title of person•Dates associated with the person•Gender•Place of birth•Place of death•Country

• Place of residence• Affiliation• Address• Language of person• Field of activity• Profession /

occupation• Biography / history• Other informational

elements associated with the person

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FRAD Attributes for Families and Corporate Bodies

CORPORATE BODIES• (Name)• Place associated• Dates associated• Language of the corporate

body• Address• Field of activity• History• Other information

FAMILIES• (Name)• Type of family• Dates of family• Places associated

with family• Field of activity• History of family

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WORK

EXPRESSION

ITEM

MANIFESTATION

PERSON

CORP BODY

FAMILY

IS OWNED BY

IS PRODUCED BY

IS REALIZED BYIS CREATED BY

GROUP 2 ENTITES and RESPONSIBILITY RELATIONSHIPS

to GROUP 1 ENTITES

GROUP 2

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FRBR Group 3 Entities

• Concepts• Objects• Events• Places

• Group 1 entities (WEMI)• Group 2 entities (PFC)

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Relationships

WorkExpression

Manifestation

Item

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“… relationships serve as the vehicle for depicting the link between one entity and another … ”

FRBR p.55

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Relationships, cont’d.

Three other major types of relationships:

1. between a person, family or corporate body and a resource

2. between one resource and another resource

3. between a person, family or corporate body and another person, family or corporate body

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Is created by Arthur Miller

Spoken word in English (E)

Caedmon, p1965 (M)

ITEM

Death of a Salesman (Work)

Text in Danish translation (E)

Original text in English (E)

Gyldendal, 1959 (M)

Charles Scribner's Sons, c2003 (M)

ITEM

ITEM

Is translated by someone

Is narrated by someone

Is owned by MRC

Is owned by MAIN

Is owned by MAIN

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Example of Entity Relationships and FRBR

Group 2 PFC to Group 1 WEMI

Creator (author) Work

Contributor (editor) Expression

Manufacturer (Printer) Manifestation

Owner (Current owner) Item

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Relationships Between Group 1, 2, & 3 Entities

1. Between a concept & a work2. Between an object & a person3. Between a place & a corporate body 4. Between a work & a work5. Between a family & a concept

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What kind of Relationship and between which FRBR Groups?

1. Flowers in literature and the work: California wild flowers in verse and picture.

2. Sculpture “Adam & Eve” and artist Mary Murchio

3. Book Pygmalion and movie My Fair Lady

4. Astor Family and Manhattan

SUBJECT Relationship - GROUP 3 to GROUP 1

CREATOR Relationship - GROUP 2 to GROUP 1

DERIVATIVE WORK Relationship - GROUP 1 to GROUP 1

SUBJECT Relationship - GROUP 2 to GROUP 3

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Expression

Item

Work

Item

Manifestation

Work

Manifestation

Person

Corporate Body

Work

Manifestation

Person

Family

Corporate Body

Work

Manifestation

Family

Family

Translation of

Exemplar of

Created by

Owned by

Based on

Produced by

Reproduction of

Member of

Founded by

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Which of the following are the 4 Group 1 entities and which are the 3 Group 2

entities?

a. Worksb. Titlesc. Personsd. Expressionse. Eventsf. Friends

g. Familiesh. Manifestationsi. Manufacturersj. Examplesk. Corporate Bodiesl. Itemsm. Implementations

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What am I supposed to

DO with all this information?

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See slides for RDA DAY 1 part 2 web version