Ch. 28 Infectious Diseases

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08A lesson for the 8th grade studentKayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia McMahon, Takara Campbell, Robin ManzellaHSC4302 Spring 2008

Infectious DiseasesChapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08What will you learn?Causes of infectious diseasesWho, What, Where?Common infectious diseasesBacterialViralPreventing infectious diseasesActive immunityPassive immunity

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Infectious DiseasesDisease caused by organisms that enter the human body and multiply.

The historySince the beginning of time.

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Causes of Infectious DiseasesChapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08What is the cause?Most infections are caused by pathogens.Pathogens live on all surfacesCan spread through many different vectors and vehicles.

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR085 Causes1. Bacterial2. Viral3. Fungi

4. Protozoan5. Rickettsias

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08The Virus vs. The BacteriaBacterialMost are harmlessCauses most respiratory illnessesCan be cured by antibiotics ViralCauses the most illnessesCauses most forms of the common coldCannot be cured by antibiotics

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Spreading it aroundDirect ContactIndirect Contact AnimalsVectorsVehicles Inanimate ObjectsEnvironment

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Common Infectious DiseasesChapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Getting Sick is Never FunCommon ColdInfluenzaTuberculosisStrep ThroatEncephalitisMeningitisMononucleosis

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Common ColdWhat is it?Infection of your upper respiratory tract (nose & throat)How did I get it?Droplets in the airHand-to-Hand contact Handling Contaminated Objects Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Common ColdWhat are the symptoms?Appear 1 to 3 days after exposure to cold virus.Runny or Stuffy NoseSneezingSore ThroatCoughCongestionLow Grade Fever (Up to 102 F)Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Common ColdHow do I treat it?No cureAntibiotics do not treat cold virusesPain Relievers Decongestant Nasal SpraysCough SyrupsChapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Influenza (The Flu) What is it?Viral infection of the respiratory tract (nose, throat, bronchial tubes, lungs)How did I get it?Spread through droplets in the airWhat are the symptoms?High grade fever (101 F)Chills and SweatsDry CoughHeadache Body aches & weaknessCongestion

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Influenza (The Flu)

How do I treat it?Bed RestPlenty of fluidsAntiviral Medications may be prescribed by doctorGet your flu shot!!!Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Tuberculosis What is it?Bacterial infection that affects your lungsTB infection vs. active TBVery dangerous! (active TB)How did I get it?Highly contagious (active TB)Spread through droplets in the air

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08TuberculosisWhat are the symptomsTB infection: No symptoms Not contagious

Active TB:Cough lasting 3 or more weeksPain with breathing & coughingSlight FeverUnexplained weight lossChillsNight Sweats

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08TuberculosisHow do I treat it?TB infection: TB medication INH used for 6-9 months Active TB: Several TB medicationsHospitalization

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Strep ThroatWhat is it?Bacterial throat infectionHow did I get it?Streptococcal bacteriaHighly contagiousBacteria spread through droplets in air

What are the symptoms?Sore throatRed, swollen tonsilsSwollen, tender lymph glands (in neck)FeverHeadache

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Strep Throat

How do I treat it?Antibiotics

Treating strep is very important! Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08EncephalitisWhat is it?Viral infection causing inflammation of the brainCan be life-threateningHow did I get it?Insects Other virusesChapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Encephalitis What are the symptoms?DrowsinessSeizuresSudden FeverSevere HeadacheNausea and VomitingStiff neck How do I treat it?Mild infections: Rest, healthy diet, plenty of fluidsMore severe infections: anti-viral drugsChapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08MeningitisWhat is it?Inflammation of the meningesCan be viral or bacterialMeningococcal MeningitisHow did I get it?Spread through air droplets and direct contact with an infected person Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08MeningitisWhat are the symptoms?High feverSevere headacheVomiting and nauseaSeizuresConfusionSleepiness Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08MeningitisHow do I treat it?Meningococcal Vaccine available!Bacterial meningitis: Immediate treatment VERY IMPORTANTRequires IV antibiotics

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08MononucleosisWhat is it?Mono- The Kissing DiseaseVirusHow did I get it?Virus is transmitted through salivaChapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08MononucleosisWhat are the symptoms?Weakness Sore throatFeverSwollen lymph nodes & tonsilsSkin rashHow do I treat it?Bed RestPlenty of fluids

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Lets Experiment with Each OtherGet up & Move around the classroomOnly get 3 signatures from your classmatesFollow instructions carefully.Have fun!Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Preventing Infectious DiseasesChapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08How?Active ImmunityLife long immunityDeveloped over timeEx:Disease A: Chicken PoxBacteria ABacteria Aa

Passive ImmunityTemporary immunityFew monthsMother to baby

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Vaccines3 major typesLive VirusMade from weakened virus strainKilled VirusCause body to produce antibodies ToxoidsDestroys toxic properties

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Impact of Meningitis Vaccine

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Its Common Sense!Always wash your handsKeep your house cleanIf someone is sick do not:KissHugBe in close contactNever share your toothbrushThe five second rule does not exist.Cook food completelyMaintain healthy diet

Chapter 28HSC 4302 SPR08Community ResourcesAlachua County Health Department224 SE 24th St.Gainesville, FL 32641(352)334-7900 School NurseAmerican Red Cross1724 NE 2nd StGainesville, FL 32609(352) 376-4669