1. Paul Ekman Cognitive perspective; facial feedback hypothesis

2. Phillip Zimbardo Sociocultural perspective; Stanford prison experiment

3. Phineas Gage Biological perspective; while not an actual psychologist, famous for surviving a freak accident in which a rod was driven through his brain and thus underwent a change in personality

4. Raymond Cattell Cognitive perspective; surface and source traits, 16PF

5. Robert Rosenthal Sociocultural perspective; self-fulfilling prophecy

6. Robert Sternberg Sociocultural perspective; triangular theory of love, triarchial theory of intelligence

7. Robert Yerkes Cognitive perspective; Yerkes-Dodson Law

8. Robert Zajonc Cognitive perspective; mere-exposure effect, social facilitation

9. Rosenhan Biological perspective; Rosenhan experiment, which challenged psychiatric diagnosis as being inaccurate

10. Rosenthal and Jacobson

Sociocultural perspective; Pygmalion effect, or the self-fulfilling prophecy

11. Solomon Asch Sociocultural perspective; Asch experiment, which demonstrated conformity

12. Stanley Milgram Sociocultural perspective; controversial Milgram experiment, which demonstrated that even ordinary individuals are so obedient that they will shock another “volunteer” at the command of an experimenter

13. Stanley Schachter Cognitive perspective; Schachter-Singer theory of emotion

14. Tolman Behavioral perspective; latent learning and cognitive maps

15. Walter B. Cannon Cognitive perspective; flight-or-fight response and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

16. William James Cognitive perspective; founder of the school of functionalism

17. William Sheldon Cognitive perspective; somatotype and constitutional psychology

18. Wihelm Wundt Cognitive perspective; founded the first psychology laboratory in Liepzig, Germany, and developed objective introspection

19. Wolpe Behavioral perspective; systematic desensitization

20. Zajonc and Markus Cognitive perspective; the confluence model

21. John Locke Sociocultural perspective; mind-body dualism, coined “tabula rasa” (“blank slate”) and believed that children were born without knowledge and learned through experience

22. Rene Descartes Cognitive perspective; believed that knowledge is innate, mind-body dualism (Cogito ergo sum.)

23. Socrates Cognitive perspective; Socratic dialogue

24. Aristotle Cognitive perspective; monism

25. William Dement Biological perspective; research concerning sleep disorders

26. John Garcia Behavioral perspective; taste aversion conditioning

27. Edward Bradford Titchener

Cognitive perspective; founded the school of structuralism

28. Herman von Helmholtz Biological perspective; tricolor theory, place theory

29. Sigmund Freud Psychodynamic perspective; ego, superego, and id, three types of consciousness, and methods of psychoanalysis