A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 Chapter 8 State Government Section 1:The States Section 2:State Legislatures Section 3:The State Executive

American CivicsHOLTHOLT

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

Chapter 8Chapter 8

State GovernmentState GovernmentSection 1:Section 1: The StatesThe States

Section 2:Section 2: State LegislaturesState Legislatures

Section 3:Section 3: The State Executive BranchThe State Executive Branch

Section 4:Section 4: State CourtsState Courts


Chapter 8


OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What powers do states have?What powers do states have? What are the components of a state What are the components of a state

constitution?constitution? How do states cooperate with each other and How do states cooperate with each other and

with the federal government?with the federal government?

Section 1:Section 1: The StatesThe States


Chapter 8


State PowersState Powers Election oversightElection oversight EducationEducation Police protectionPolice protection

Public building programsPublic building programs Health and safetyHealth and safety HighwaysHighways


Concurrent powersConcurrent powers, like taxation, are exercised by , like taxation, are exercised by both state and federal governments.both state and federal governments.


Chapter 8


Components of a state constitution:Components of a state constitution: PreamblePreamble——states the ideals of the governmentstates the ideals of the government Bill of rightsBill of rights——list of rights guaranteed to citizenslist of rights guaranteed to citizens Outline of government organizationOutline of government organization——duties of the duties of the

government’s branches are spelled outgovernment’s branches are spelled out Provisions for electionsProvisions for elections Provisions for managing state affairs, such as education, law Provisions for managing state affairs, such as education, law

and order, highways, and taxationand order, highways, and taxation Methods of amending the state’s constitution and list of Methods of amending the state’s constitution and list of

approved amendmentsapproved amendments



Chapter 8


Cooperation of states with each other Cooperation of states with each other and the federal government:and the federal government: The The full faith and credit clausefull faith and credit clause of the U.S. of the U.S.

Constitution ensures states will respect court Constitution ensures states will respect court decisions of other states.decisions of other states.

Fugitives from one state are subject to Fugitives from one state are subject to extraditionextradition if found in another state.if found in another state.

States work together to reduce pollution and States work together to reduce pollution and maintain mutual public interests.maintain mutual public interests.



Chapter 8


Cooperation of states with each other Cooperation of states with each other and the federal government: and the federal government: (continued)(continued)

The U.S. Constitution guarantees a “republican The U.S. Constitution guarantees a “republican government” to each state.government” to each state.

The federal government must help put down The federal government must help put down “domestic violence” in the states.“domestic violence” in the states.

Governments work together to conserve Governments work together to conserve resources, assist the unemployed, build resources, assist the unemployed, build highways, and offer job training.highways, and offer job training.



Chapter 8


OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Why must the populations in state election Why must the populations in state election

districts be as equal as possible?districts be as equal as possible? What are the qualifications and terms of office What are the qualifications and terms of office

for state legislators?for state legislators? How are presiding officers chosen, and how is How are presiding officers chosen, and how is

the work of state legislatures carried out in most the work of state legislatures carried out in most states?states?



Chapter 8


Populations in state election districts:Populations in state election districts: 19641964——Reynolds Reynolds v.v. Sims Sims: all state election : all state election

districts must be as equal as possibledistricts must be as equal as possible Equally populated districts ensure the Equally populated districts ensure the

principle of “one person, one vote.”principle of “one person, one vote.”



Chapter 8


Many states require similar qualifications Many states require similar qualifications and terms of office for state legislators:and terms of office for state legislators: Must be U.S. citizens and residents of the Must be U.S. citizens and residents of the

district they representdistrict they represent Senators must be at least 25 years of age, and Senators must be at least 25 years of age, and

representatives must be at least 21.representatives must be at least 21. TwoTwo-- to four to four--year termsyear terms Salaries and benefits tend to be low.Salaries and benefits tend to be low.



Chapter 8


Choosing presiding officers and Choosing presiding officers and carrying out legislation: carrying out legislation: Either the lieutenant governor or a selected Either the lieutenant governor or a selected

official presides over the Senate.official presides over the Senate. Speakers are chosen in the lower houses.Speakers are chosen in the lower houses. Committees are appointed.Committees are appointed. Seniority determines many of the Seniority determines many of the

appointments.appointments.



Chapter 8


Choosing presiding officers and Choosing presiding officers and carrying out legislation: carrying out legislation: (continued)(continued)

State bills follow a path similar to that of State bills follow a path similar to that of federal bills before they can become laws.federal bills before they can become laws.

Some states require Some states require referendumsreferendums before before certain bills become laws.certain bills become laws.



Chapter 8


OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What are the qualifications, terms of office, What are the qualifications, terms of office,

duties, and powers of most governors?duties, and powers of most governors? Who are the other officials of state executive Who are the other officials of state executive

branches?branches? What is the purpose of state executive What is the purpose of state executive

agencies and officials?agencies and officials?



Chapter 8


Most governorsMost governors must be U.S. citizens who have lived in the must be U.S. citizens who have lived in the

state for a certain number of years.state for a certain number of years. must be at least 30 years old.must be at least 30 years old. serve fourserve four--year terms with limits of one to year terms with limits of one to

two terms.two terms.



Chapter 8


Duties and powers of governors includeDuties and powers of governors include proposing laws and programs to the proposing laws and programs to the

legislature; approving or vetoing bills.legislature; approving or vetoing bills. developing state budgets.developing state budgets. controlling state police and militia.controlling state police and militia. appointing officials and supervising executive appointing officials and supervising executive

branch.branch.



Chapter 8


Other officials of the state executive Other officials of the state executive branch, in most states:branch, in most states: Lieutenant governorLieutenant governor——succeeds governor; succeeds governor;

presides over the Senatepresides over the Senate Secretary of stateSecretary of state——keeps state records and keeps state records and

supervises electionssupervises elections Attorney generalAttorney general——in charge of legal businessin charge of legal business State treasurerState treasurer——supervises all state fundssupervises all state funds



Chapter 8


Other officials of the state executive Other officials of the state executive branch, in most states: branch, in most states: (continued)(continued)

State auditor (comptroller)State auditor (comptroller)——supervises the supervises the state’s financial recordsstate’s financial records

Superintendent of public instructionSuperintendent of public instruction——governs governs local school districts and distributes state fundslocal school districts and distributes state funds



Chapter 8


State Executive Agencies and OfficialsState Executive Agencies and Officials Help the governor carry out the lawsHelp the governor carry out the laws Have specific areas of responsibility such as Have specific areas of responsibility such as

agriculture, justice, labor, public safety, public agriculture, justice, labor, public safety, public works, or transportationworks, or transportation

Officials of agencies are usually appointed by the Officials of agencies are usually appointed by the governor.governor.

Some jobs are filled through Some jobs are filled through patronagepatronage..



Chapter 8


OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What kinds of cases do state courts handle?What kinds of cases do state courts handle? What are the areas of responsibility of each of What are the areas of responsibility of each of

the four types of state courts?the four types of state courts? How does overcrowding cause problems for How does overcrowding cause problems for

the courts?the courts?



Chapter 8


State courts handleState courts handle criminal cases, which deal with violations of criminal cases, which deal with violations of

the law that harm individuals or society.the law that harm individuals or society. civil cases, which deal with disputes between civil cases, which deal with disputes between

individuals or business and generally involve individuals or business and generally involve money or property.money or property.



Chapter 8


Four types of state courts and their Four types of state courts and their responsibilities:responsibilities: Lower courts—handle minor civil cases and Lower courts—handle minor civil cases and

misdemeanors; traffic cases, family-relations misdemeanors; traffic cases, family-relations cases, and small claims cases, and small claims

General trial courts—handle major criminal and General trial courts—handle major criminal and civil casescivil cases

Appeals courts—handle appealed cases from the Appeals courts—handle appealed cases from the lower courtslower courts



Chapter 8


Four types of state courts and their Four types of state courts and their responsibilities: responsibilities: (continued)(continued)

State supreme court—handles appealed cases State supreme court—handles appealed cases from the appeals courtfrom the appeals court



Chapter 8


Overcrowding in the courts causes Overcrowding in the courts causes problems.problems. Calendars are often a year or more behind.Calendars are often a year or more behind. People wait years for settlements.People wait years for settlements. Jails are overcrowded with accused persons Jails are overcrowded with accused persons

awaiting trial.awaiting trial. Crowding thwarts constitutional guarantee of Crowding thwarts constitutional guarantee of

a speedy trial.a speedy trial.


Documents

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 Chapter 8 State Government Section 1:The States Section 2:State Legislatures Section 3:The State Executive