A Middle Power:Canada and

International InvolvementPLO: assess Canada’s participation in world affairs

Cold War: U.S.A (capitalism) vs. U.S.S.R (communism), each seeking to extend its sphere of influence (nuclear arms race, espionage and ‘proxy wars’

Remember, WWII isover. What ended WWII?

Canada: The Cold War, but also International Involvement

• P 131• Gouzenko• A spy ring in

Canada, you say? • I’m not sure whether

to be scared or flattered.

Canada: The Cold War, but also International Involvement

• P 133 • NATO (1949) vs.

Warsaw Pact (1955) (North Atlantic Treaty

Organization vs. Eastern Block Countries)

Which side did Canada pick? Why?

Note: Berlin Wall 1961

Can you see the iron curtain?

Canada: The Cold War, but also International Involvement

• P 136• NORAD (1957) (North

American Air Defence Agreement)

• DEW Line (1950-57) (Distant Early Warning)

Sovereignty or Security?

Canada: The United Nations , but also International Involvement

• P 137 • U.N. created in 1945

for collective security

• Since start of peacekeeping (1956 - 1999) CDN’s involved in every mission

So does this means the world sees us as a peaceful nation?

Can you name thisdegree of latitude\parallel?

Canada: The Cold War, but also International Involvement

• P 138 1950 Korean War• A U.N. force, largely

American, try to force back North Koreans

• Urged by Americans, Cdn’s send 1000’s of troops

Can you say proxy war? I knew you could. So whose side we on?

Canada: The Cold War, but also International Involvement

• P 139 1956 Suez Crisis

• Pearson suggests U.N. emergency force (PEACEKEEPERS) and later wins Nobel Peace Prize

Egyptian President Nassar

2 Thoughts: 1. Britain attacked Egypt, U.S.A. no like. What did we do?2. If a CDN thought of the idea, why no CDN troops sent? And

what connection does this have to the CDN flag (1965?)

Canada: The Cold War, but also International Involvement

• P 140 1962 Cuban Misslie Crisis

• U.S.A. expects unconditional support

• Diefenbaker does not put CDN NORAD forces on alert or allow U.S. planes with nuclear weapons to land at CDN bases

• Dief believes he’s defending Canada\s independencece, but 80% of CDN’s thought he was wrong.

How do you think CDN - USRelations are now?

Canada: The Cold War, but also International Involvement

• P 141 Avro ArrowP 142Q. Bomarc missiles - to nuke or notTo nuke, that is the question.

A. 1963 Pearson elected, hellonukes. Why wouldn’t we say yes?

Canada: The Cold War, but also International Involvement

• P 145 196? - 1973 Vietnam War

• P 145 1965 • Title match Pearson

Vs.Johnson• ‘Criticize operation

‘Rolling Thunder’ in my house? Why I oughta…”

Sure we made money off the war, but we didn\t kill anybody…

8 June 1972: Kim Phúc, center left, running down a road near Trang Bang after a VNAF napalm attack (© Nick Út/Associated Press).

Canada: a Middle Power

• P 146 1968 Trudeau, “Living next to you is in some ways like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly and eventempered is the beast, one is affected by every twitch an grunt.”(1969).

• P 149 ‘Trade and Aid’• 1984 Canada nuke-free

THE BOTTOM LINE: Whatever our involvement in international affairs, how doe it affect our involvement with the U.S.A.?

Prime Minister Trudeau with leader Mao Zedong, of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, October 13,1973

How cozy with the U.S.A. should we be?

• Trudeau says not too close

• P 150 Mulroney• 1992 NAFTA (North

American Free Trade Agreement)

The End of the Cold War

• P 152• 1989 the wall comes

down• 1989 Tiananmen Square• 1989 I graduate from

SRSS• Perestroika

(reconstruction) and glasnost (openess)

• 1991 Soviet Union dissolves - end of cold war.

‘A New World Order’U.N. led world peace,

enforced by U.S.A• P 153• 1991 Gulf War• 1992 Somalia

– Can you say “Blackhawk Down?’

• 1994 Rwanda– Ever heard of Romeo

Delaire?• 1992 CDN’s first U.N.

peacekeepers into Bosnia: NO PEACE

• 1995 NATO (hence Canada) air strikes vs. Serbia.

Tutsi Refugee

A Middle Power:Canada and

International InvolvementPLO: assess Canada’s participation in world affairs

Despite worries about Canadian sovereignty, the first two decades of the cold war saw Canada closely aligned with the U.S.A. xxx. However, the turmoil of the Viet Nam War xxx and the attitude of Trudeau xxx saw Canada try to distance itself from the U.S. while still participating in world affairs. Through it all however, Canada continued to involve itself with the U.N. in world affairs and to push for Human Rights xxx. We had become, and are a Middle Power.

Note: where you see an xxx, can you provide an example?

PLO: asses Canada’s participation in world affairs

• 1914 - WWI - Britain all the way• 1920 & 1930’s - away from Britain towards

U.S.A.• 1939 - WWII - with Britain, but on our own

terms• 1945 - 2000 - Cold War & New World Order -

goodbye Britain, hello U.S.A?, we are sovereign? Middle Power!

International Developments

A. The United Nations

-Created by 50 countries including Canada; April, 19454 Goals-encourage cooperation among nations-keep world peace/prevent war-defend human rights/promote equality-improve standard of living for all nations

Structure of the United Nations

General AssemblyOne country = one voteCan only recommend

Security Council-responsible for world peace-5 permanent members with VETO(China, Russia, U.S.A., Britain, France)-10 other members for 2 year terms

Economic & Social CouncilEg// WHO,UNESCO

Trusteeship Council-responsible for administering self-governing territories