Mobile devices, CDs, DVDs Scanners and USB

Afzal Azeem Chowdhary-972393Nithin Kumar M P-966001

Ritesh Singh-973606Shruthi Shashidhar S-969739

Syed Imran-971335

A mobile device is a small computing device, typically small enough to be

handheld, having a display screen with touch input and/or a miniature

keyboard.

Types:

Mobile computers eg. Laptops

Smart phones and Mobile Phones

Wearable computers eg. Smart watches

Digital still cameras (DSC)

Pagers, Robots, Smart Cards, etc.

Mobile Devices

Device mobility can be viewed from several dimensions

1. Physical dimensions

2. Whether or not the device is mobile or some kind of host to

which it is attached to is mobile

3. What kind of host devices can be bound to

4. How devices are attached to a host

5. When the mobility occurs

Characteristics:

Advantages Accessible anywhere, anytime Conveniently controlling and monitoring Instant notification Easy to exchange data and information

Challenges Small screen-size (will remain) Limited input facilities (will remain) Diverse software environments

Advantages & Challenges of mobile devices:

Overview:Collaboration between: web clients and mobile clientsDiverse communication channelsModularity: flexible and extendable

Features:Data submissionReceive SMS notification (replies, reminds, alerts).Access information via various channelsSearch on multimedia contents.

Uni Basel-CoMobile overview & features:

Communication-> Multimedia->Intelligence (Smart phones)

Flexible OLED screen

Touch screen QWERTY concealed under the display

LG Flutter Concept Phone

The “Mobile Script”

Motorola Sparrow

Future Technologies:

It is a type of optical disc. It is flat and round and it is

used to store digital data.

It was first used to store music so it is sometimes called

as audio CD.

Developed by Phillips and Sony.

Compact disc

Media type: Optical disc

Capacity: Typically up to 700 MiB (up to 80 minutes audio)

Read mechanism: 780 nm wavelength, semiconductor laser,

1200 Kibit/s (1×)

Write mechanism: 1200 kibit/s(1x)

Diameter: 12 cm

Usage: audio and data usage

Detailed functionality:

Layers of CD: A. A polycarbonate disc layer has the data

encoded.

B. A shiny layer reflects the laser.

C. A layer of lacquer protects the shiny layer.

D. Artwork is screen printed on the top of the disc.

E. A laser beam reads the CD and is reflected back to a sensor, which converts it into electronic data

DVD

HD DVD

BLUE RAY

Advanced technologies:

• DVD is the disc that is used for storing information.

• Invented and develop.

• DVD recordable and DVD rewritable.

• DVDs look like compact discs.

DVD: Digital versatile disc or Digital video disc

Specification and structure: Diameter is 12cm.

Disc thickness is 1.2mm.

Polycarbonate.

Reflective layer.

Thin layer of some protective material.

A label or some screened lettering on the top of the protective layer.

Capacity and nomenclature:

SS= Single side DS= Double side SL= Single layer DL= Double layer

How Optical Storage Works:

Optical storage data. The pits and lands. Spiral pattern on the recording

layer of the disc. The disc revolves in a circular

motion inside the player. The laser beam is reflected back to

a detector when it hits the lands, and it is scattered away from the detector by the pits. 

BLU-RAY DISCS:

Blu-ray disc is an optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the DVDs.

Blu-ray discs contain 25GB per layer.

Blue laser is used to read the disc.

ROBUST.

A scanner is an optional piece of computer hardware that uses reflected

light to capture images and translate them into files a computer can read

and display. It is an input device.

Used for copying documents, scanning photos for printing, faxing

documents, archiving etc.

Scanners

The lamp in scanners is either a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) or

a xenon lamp.

The entire mechanism make up the scan head. The scan head is moved

slowly across the document by a belt.

The image of the document is reflected by an angled mirror to another

mirror. The last mirror reflects the image onto a lens.

Functionality:

Resolution

Bit depth

Dynamic range

Software

Types of scanners:

Flatbed scanner: also called as desktop scanners are the most versatile

and commonly used scanners.

Sheet-fed scanners: here the document is moved and not the scan head. It

looks lot like a small portable printer.

Dependencies:

Handheld scanners: It rely on user to move the document instead of

motorized belt

Drum scanners: These are used by publishing industry to capture

incredibly detailed images.

We’ve come a long way from flatbed and planetary scanners. 

Thanks to advances in digital cameras, today the v-shaped book scanners are

empowering libraries around the world to scan millions of books. We have 3D

laser scanners now in market.

3D Laser scanning

Future enhancements:

Mouse Scanner

Multiple Sheetfed Scanner

Pen Scanner

It is based on serial type architecture. However, it is an input-output interface

much quicker than standard serial ports. Serial architecture was used for this

type of port for two main reasons:

Serial architecture gives the user a much higher clock rate than a parallel

interface because a parallel interface does not support too high frequencies.

Serial cables are much cheaper than parallel cables.

Used for connection, communication and power supply between computers

and electronics devices.

It was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals to

personal computers both to communicate and power supply.

USB

So, from 1995, the USB standard has been developed for connecting a wide range

of devices.

The USB 1.0 standard offers two modes of communication:

12Mbit/s in a high speed mode

1.5Mbit/s in a low speed mode

The USB 1.1 standard provides several clarifications for USB device

manufacturers but does not change anything in the speed.

Standards of USB:

The USB 2.0 standard makes it possible to obtain speeds which can reach 480 Mbit/s.

USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates.

Compatibility between USB 1.0, 1.1 and 2.0 is assured. However, the use of a USB 2.0 device in a low speed USB port (i.e. 1.0 or 1.1) will limit the speed to 12Mbit/s maximum. Furthermore, the operating system is likely to display a message explaining that the speed will be restricted.

Types of connectors: There are two types of standard connectors connectors known as Type A,where the shape is rectangular and generally

used for less bandwidth intensive devices Connector known as Type B, where the shape is square and mainly used

for high speed devices.

• Power supply +5V (VBUS) 100mA maximum• Data(D-)• Data(D+)• Mass(GND)

Functionality: One characteristic of USB architecture is that it can supply electricity to

devices to which it connects, with a limit of 15 W maximum per device. To do so, it uses cable made up of 4 wires.

Communication between host and devices is carried out according to a protocol based on the token ring principle.

Latest version of USBThe USB 3.1 standard increases the data signalling rate to 10 Gbit/s.It was released on 31 July 2013.The first USB 3.1 implementation demonstrated transfer speed of 7.2 Gbit/s 

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