Upload
yaseenah52338
View
230
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
1/21
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
2/21
Using Adverbs andUsing Adverbs and
AdjectivesAdjectives
AdverbsAdverbs are words that modifyare words that modify verbsverbs,,
adjectivesadjectives, other adverbs, and, other adverbs, and
sometimessometimes clausesclauses and wholeand whole
sentencessentences. Adjectives are words that. Adjectives are words thatmodifymodify nounsnouns andand pronounspronouns..
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adverbs.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adverbs.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/verbs.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/verbs.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adjectve.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adjectve.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldcls.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldcls.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/subjpred.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/subjpred.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/nouns.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/nouns.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/pronouns.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/pronouns.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/pronouns.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/nouns.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/subjpred.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldcls.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adjectve.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/verbs.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adverbs.html8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
3/21
Once the test was over, SharonOnce the test was over, Sharon
walkedwalkedslowslow out of the classroomout of the classroom..[WRONG][WRONG]
Once the test was over, SharonOnce the test was over, Sharon
walkedwalkedslowlyslowlyout of the classroomout of the classroom[RIGHT][RIGHT]
The sentence needs an adverb, notThe sentence needs an adverb, not
an adjective, to modify the verban adjective, to modify the verb"walked.""walked."
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
4/21
We triedWe tried
realreal
hard to get thehard to get the
muffin mixture perfectmuffin mixture perfect. [WRONG]. [WRONG]
We triedWe triedreallyreallyhard to get thehard to get the
muffin mixture perfectmuffin mixture perfect. [RIGHT]. [RIGHT]
The sentence needs an adverb,The sentence needs an adverb,
not an adjective, to modify thenot an adjective, to modify theadjective "hard."adjective "hard."
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
5/21
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
6/21
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
7/21
Use theUse the superlativesuperlative form toform tocompare three or more things.compare three or more things.
Form the superlative by addingForm the superlative by addingthe suffix "-est" to the modifierthe suffix "-est" to the modifier
(for some short words) or by using(for some short words) or by usingthe word "most" with the modifier:the word "most" with the modifier:
This is definitely the smartest,This is definitely the smartest,
wittiest, most imaginative comicwittiest, most imaginative comicstrip I have ever seen.strip I have ever seen.
C bl i h h
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
8/21
Common Problems with theCommon Problems with the
Comparative andComparative and
SuperlativeSuperlative Certain modifiers cannot be usedCertain modifiers cannot be usedlogically in the comparative andlogically in the comparative and
superlative forms. Perfect" andsuperlative forms. Perfect" and
"unique," for instance, express absolute"unique," for instance, express absoluteconditions and do not allow for degreesconditions and do not allow for degrees
of comparison. Something cannot beof comparison. Something cannot be
moremore perfect than another thing: it isperfect than another thing: it is
either perfect or not perfect.either perfect or not perfect.
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
9/21
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
10/21
Avoid using aAvoid using a double negativedouble negative
We decided thereWe decided there wasn't nowasn't no point inpoint in
pursuing our research furtherpursuing our research further. [WRONG]. [WRONG]II can't get nocan't get no satisfactionsatisfaction. [WRONG]. [WRONG]
We decided thereWe decided there wasn't anywasn't anypoint inpoint in
pursuing our research further. OR Wepursuing our research further. OR We
decided theredecided there was nowas no point in pursuingpoint in pursuing
our research furtherour research further. [RIGHT]. [RIGHT]
II can't get anycan't get anysatisfaction. OR Isatisfaction. OR I cancan
get noget no satisfaction.satisfaction. [RIGHT][RIGHT]
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
11/21
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
12/21
Misplaced and DanglingMisplaced and Dangling
ModifiersModifiers
AvoidAvoid misplaced modifiersmisplaced modifiers ----modifiers that appear to modify themodifiers that appear to modify thewrong thing.wrong thing.
After our conversation lessons, weAfter our conversation lessons, wecould understand the Spanishcould understand the Spanishspoken by our visitors from Madridspoken by our visitors from Madrideasilyeasily. [WRONG ]. [WRONG ]
We couldWe couldeasilyeasilyunderstand theunderstand theSpanish spoken by our visitors fromSpanish spoken by our visitors fromMadrid.Madrid. [RIGHT][RIGHT]
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
13/21
Be careful aboutBe careful about limiting modifierslimiting modifiers----like "almost," "hardly," "nearly," "just,"like "almost," "hardly," "nearly," "just,""only," "merely," and so on"only," "merely," and so on
Randy hasRandy has nearlynearlyannoyed everyannoyed everyprofessor he has hadprofessor he has had. (he hasn't. (he hasn't"nearly annoyed" them) [WRONG]"nearly annoyed" them) [WRONG]
WeWe almostalmostate all of the Thanksgivingate all of the Thanksgivingturkeyturkey. (we didn't "almost eat" it). (we didn't "almost eat" it)[WRONG][WRONG]
Randy has annoyedRandy has annoyednearlynearlyeveryevery
professor he has hadprofessor he has had. [RIGHT]. [RIGHT]We ateWe ate almostalmostall of the Thanksgivingall of the Thanksgivingturkeyturkey. [RIGHT]. [RIGHT]
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
14/21
Misplaced Phrases andMisplaced Phrases and
ClausesClauses
Place the modifyingPlace the modifying phrasephrase oror clauseclauseas close as possible to the word oras close as possible to the word or
words it modifieswords it modifies
By accident, he poked the little girlBy accident, he poked the little girlwith his fingerwith his fingerin the eyein the eye. [WRONG]. [WRONG]
I heard that my roommate intendedI heard that my roommate intended
to throw a surprise party for meto throw a surprise party for me
while I was outside her bedroomwhile I was outside her bedroom
windowwindow
. [WRONG]
. [WRONG]
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldphr.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldphr.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldphr.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldphr.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldcls.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldcls.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldcls.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/bldphr.html8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
15/21
By accident, he poked the littleBy accident, he poked the littlegirlgirl in the eyein the eye with his fingerwith his finger..
[RIGHT][RIGHT]
While I was outside herWhile I was outside her
bedroom windowbedroom window, I heard that, I heard thatmy roommate intended to throwmy roommate intended to throw
a surprise party for mea surprise party for me. [RIGHT]. [RIGHT]
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
16/21
Squinting ModifiersSquinting Modifiers
An ambiguously placed modifier thatAn ambiguously placed modifier thatcan modify either the word before itcan modify either the word before itor the word after it.or the word after it.
Defining your termsDefining your terms clearlyclearlystrengthens your argumentstrengthens your argument.[WRONG].[WRONG]
Defining your termsDefining your terms will clearlywill clearlystrengthen your argument. ORstrengthen your argument. ORAA
clear definitionclear definition of your termsof your termsstrengthens your argumentstrengthens your argument. [RIGHT]. [RIGHT]
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
17/21
Dangling ModifiersDangling Modifiers
A dangling modifier is usually a phraseA dangling modifier is usually a phraseor anor an elliptical clauseelliptical clause -- a-- adependent clausedependent clause whosewhose subjectsubject andandverb are implied rather than expressed --verb are implied rather than expressed --
that functions as anthat functions as an adjectiveadjective but doesbut doesnot modify any specific word in thenot modify any specific word in thesentence, or (worse) modifies thesentence, or (worse) modifies the wrongwrong
word.word.
Raised in Nova ScotiaRaised in Nova Scotia, it is natural to, it is natural tomiss the smell of the seamiss the smell of the sea..
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/claustyp.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/claustyp.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/subjpred.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/subjpred.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adjectve.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adjectve.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/adjectve.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/subjpred.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/claustyp.html8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
18/21
Revising the SentencesRevising the Sentences
For a person raised in NovaFor a person raised in Nova
ScotiaScotia, it is natural to miss the, it is natural to miss the
smell of the sea.smell of the sea.
Raised in Nova Scotia,Raised in Nova Scotia, II oftenoftenmiss the smell of the sea.miss the smell of the sea.
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
19/21
Although nearly finishedAlthough nearly finished, we left, we leftthe play early because we werethe play early because we were
worried about our sick catworried about our sick cat.. "Although nearly finished" illogically"Although nearly finished" illogically
modifies "we," the pronoun directlymodifies "we," the pronoun directly
following the clause. An easy way tofollowing the clause. An easy way torectify the problem is to re-insert therectify the problem is to re-insert thesubject and verb that are understoodsubject and verb that are understoodin the elliptical clause:in the elliptical clause:
AlthoughAlthough the playthe playwas nearlywas nearlyfinished, we left early because wefinished, we left early because wewere worried about our sick catwere worried about our sick cat..
8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
20/21
Split InfinitivesSplit Infinitives
TheThe infinitiveinfinitive form of theform of the verbverbconsists of the word "to" followed byconsists of the word "to" followed by
the base form of the verb: "to be,"the base form of the verb: "to be,""to serve," "to chop," etc. Inserting a"to serve," "to chop," etc. Inserting a
word or words between the "to" andword or words between the "to" and
the verb of an infinitive creates whatthe verb of an infinitive creates whatis known as ais known as a split infinitivesplit infinitive..
http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/tenses.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/tenses.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/verbs.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/verbs.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/verbs.htmlhttp://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/tenses.html8/14/2019 A Modifier Can Be an Adjective, An Adverb, Or A
21/21
The marketing team voted to,The marketing team voted to,
before they launched the newbefore they launched the newsoftwaresoftware, run an anticipatory ad, run an anticipatory ad
campaigncampaign. (disruptive -- the. (disruptive -- the
infinitive should not be split)infinitive should not be split)[WRONG][WRONG]
The marketing team voted to runThe marketing team voted to run
an anticipatory ad campaignan anticipatory ad campaignbefore they launched the newbefore they launched the new
softwaresoftware.. [RIGHT][RIGHT]