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who is Man?
A n t h r o p o l o g y
What is Evil?
Why is there Evil in the world?
Primary Doctrine
“Of all kinds of knowledge that
we can ever obtain, the
knowledge of God, and the
knowledge of ourselves, are
the most important.”
Jonathan Edwards: A Careful and Strict Inquiry into the
Prevailing Notions of the Freedom of the Will
who am I? who are you?
who is Man?
A n t h r o p o l o g y
So I say, live by the Spirit, and you will
not gratify the desires of the sinful
nature. For the sinful nature desires
what is contrary to the Spirit, and the
Spirit what is contrary to the sinful
nature. They are in conflict with
each other, so that you do
not do what you want.
Galatians 5:16-17
The Cosmic Battle Within
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Edwards,Jonathan(1808).Acarefulandstrictinquiryintothemodernprevailingnotionsofthatfreedomofwill.Albany,NY:Backus&Whiting,Author’sPreface.
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The Battle Over Anthropology
VS
who is Man?
Truth
Reality
Lie
Illusion
The Pernicious Lie
His essence
His moral state
His need
The Biblical View of Man
the states of man
-- or --
“modes”
The Biblical View of Man
So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him;
The Biblical View of Manmode 1: innocent
Genesis 1:27
…sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came
to all men, because all sinned--
The LORD saw how great man's wickedness on the earth had become, and that every
inclination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil all the time.
mode 2: fallen
The Biblical View of Man
Romans 5:12
Genesis 6:5
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Evil
Dead
Blind
Deaf
Lost
Rebellious
Without hope
Haters of God
Desperately Wicked
Children of the devil
Descriptions & Namesof the Old Man
You cannot slander human nature; it is worse than words
can paint it.C. H. Spurgeon
…man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment,
If anyone's name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown
into the lake of fire.
The Biblical View of Manmode 2a: hell
Revelation 20:15
Hebrews 9:27
The Biblical View of Man
…with your blood you purchased men for God from every tribe and language
and people and nation.
mode 3: redeemed
Revelation 5:9
Descriptions & Namesof the New Man
A holy nation Born from above
Saints
PriestsBeloved
Called out ones
The people of God
Sons of God
Children of GodThe redeemed
Wear white robes
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Spurgeon,CharlesH.(2005).CitedinMichaelMoncur’s(cynical)quotations.Quotationspage.com/quote/26249.html.
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So I say, live by the Spirit, and you will
not gratify the desires of the sinful
nature. For the sinful nature desires
what is contrary to the Spirit, and the
Spirit what is contrary to the sinful
nature. They are in conflict with
each other, so that you do not
do what you want.
Galatians 5:16-17
But, We Carry Something
I do not understand what I do. For what I
want to do I do not do, but what I hate I
do... I have the desire to do what is good,
but I cannot carry it out. For what I do is
not the good I want to do; no, the evil I do
not want to do--this I keep on doing. Now
if I do what I do not want to do, it is
no longer I who do it, but it is sin
living in me that does it.
The Cosmic Battle Within
Romans 7:15, 18-20
What a wretched man I am! Who
will rescue me from this body of
death? Thanks be to God--through
Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I
myself in my mind am a slave to
God's law, but in the sinful nature
a slave to the law of sin.
The Cosmic Battle Within
Romans 7:24-25
this does not absolve us from responsibility!!
Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey
its evil desires.
Romans 8:5-14
The Cosmic Battle Within
Romans 6:12
&
The body that is sown is perishable, it is raised imperishable; it is sown in
dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power; it is sown a natural body,
it is raised a spiritual body.
The Biblical View of Manmode 3a: glorified
1 Corinthians 15:42-44
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His essence
made in the image of God
dualistic: both flesh and spirit
His moral state
fallen nature
His need
redemption
The Biblical View of Man
Dualistic, Fallen,
Redemption?
VS
who is Man?
Truth
Reality
Lie
Illusion
The Battle Over Anthropology
imago deo
“The Cosmos is all that is, or ever was, or ever will be.”
Carl Sagan
The World & Corliss Lamont’sPrimary Doctrine
“The nonreality of the supernatural
means, on the human level, that men
do not possess supernatural
and immortal souls...”
The Philosophy of Humanism, pg 116
Naturalistic Philosophy Implications
if man is but a material beast, having nothing beyond the evolutionary cosmic particles, then what must
we conclude about man?
does he have a purpose beyond himself?
can he have any meaning in life?
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Sagan,Carl(1980).Cosmos.LosAngeles,CA:CosmosStudios.
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Lamont,Corliss(1949).Humanismasaphilosophy.Washington,DC:HumanistPress(1997ed.).
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is there anything beyond the grave?
does he have a free will?
is he basically good?
Naturalistic Philosophy Implications
No gods or purposive forces
No ultimate foundation for ethics
No free will
No life after death
No ultimate meaning in life
Professor of Evolutionary Biology, Cornell UniversityDebate with Phillip Johnson, Stanford University
“Summary of Implications of Modern Evolutionary Biology”; April 30, 1994
Naturalistic Philosophy Implications
Dr. William Provine
“Using the powerful critical tools of science and logical analysis,
modern man now recognizes that the universe has no special human
meaning or purpose and that man is not a special product of creation.”
The Humanist Alternative, pg 5
Source of truth?
Paul Kurtz
Naturalistic Philosophy Implications
Implications from an Icon of Evolution
Haeckel’s Embryos
Haeckel’s Embryos
“A rat is a pig is a dog is a boy.”
Ingrid Newkirkpresident of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Implications from an Icon of Evolution
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Johnson,Phillip&Provine,William(1994).DebateatStanfordUniversity.PaloAlto,CA:StandfordUniversity,April30.
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Kurtz,Paul(Ed.).(1973).Thehumanistalternative.Buffalo,NY:PrometheusBooks.
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Haeckel,ErnstH.P.(1876).Theevolutionofman.London:Watts&Company(1910ed.).
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Newkirk,Ingrid(1990).Savetheanimals.NewYork,NY:WarnerBooks.
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Haeckel’s Embryos
The Finnish Green Party activist
Pentti Linkola…goes so far as to
say that he has more sympathy for
threatened insect species than for
children dying of hunger in Africa.
Implications from an Icon of Evolution
Haeckel’s Embryos
“While the death of young men in war is unfortunate, it is no more
serious than the touching of mountains and wilderness areas
by humankind.”
David Brown, former head, Sierra Club
Implications from an Icon of Evolution
“If man is a product of
evolution, one species among
others, in a universe without
purpose, then man’s option is
to live for himself...”
The Humanist Alternative, pg 179
Paul Kurtz
Naturalistic Philosophy Implications
“The purpose of man is like the purpose of the pollywog--to wiggle along as far as he
can without dying; or, to hang to life until death takes him.”
Cited in The Best of Humanism, pg 154
Naturalistic Philosophy Implications
Clarence Darrow
“Holding an organic view of
life, humanists find that the
traditional dualism of mind and
body must be rejected.”
Humanist Manifesto I, Pg 8
Anthropological “Monism”
Linkola,Pentti(2000).Citedin“TheNewTolerance‐It’sChillingImplications.(NoAuthor).www.Korrnet.org/karns/sermons/011600am.htm
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Brower,David(1990).Forearth’ssake:ThelifeandtimesofDavidBrower.SaltLakeCity,UT:GibbsSmith,p.125.
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Kurtz,Paul(Ed.).(1973).Thehumanistalternative.Buffalo,NY:PrometheusBooks.
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Darrow,Clarence(1988).CitedinTheBestofHumanism.Buffalo,NY:PrometheusBooks,p.154.
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Sellars,RoyW.(193).HumanistManifestoI.TheNewHumanist,May‐June,58‐61.
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The World’s View of Man
His essence
His moral state
His need
Abraham Maslow
“Hierarchy of
Needs”
“Hierarchy of Needs”
Abraham Maslow
Physiological
Safety
Social
Esteem
SA
(hunger, thirst, shelter, sex)
(affection, belonging, acceptance, friendship)
(security, protection from physical & emotional harm)
(self respect, autonomy, status, achievement, recognition, attention)
Self Actualization(following/doing your inner desires)
Humanistic Psychology, pg 188, 190, aqi UTT, pg 359
Abraham Maslow
“As far as I know we just don't have any intrinsic instincts
for evil.”
Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Summer ‘82, pg 8
Carl Rogers
“I do not find that…evil is inherent in
human nature.”
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Maslow,Abraham(1954).Motivationandpersonality.NewYork,NY:Harper(2nded.,1970).
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Maslow,AbrahaminHumanistPsychology(1978),EditedbyI.DavidWelch,GeorgiaATate,FredRichards.Buffalo,NY.PrometheusBooks,p.190.
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Rogers,Carl,“NotesonRolloMay,”JournalofHumanisticPsychology,Summer1982,Volume22,Number3;p.8.PublishedbyTheAssociationforHumanisticPsychology,Tiburon,CA.
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If you think in terms of the basic needs; instincts, at least at the outset, are all ‘good’...careful study of
them [instincts] will provide the values we need by which better societies
can evolve.”
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic Psychology, pg 188, 190, aqi UTT, pg 359
“Since this inner nature is good or neutral rather than bad, it is best to bring it out and to encourage it rather than to suppress it. If it is permitted to guide our life, we grow healthy, fruitful,
and happy.”
Abraham Maslow
Toward a Psychology of Being, pg 4, aqi UTT, pg 362
“For if you live according to the sinful nature, you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death
the misdeeds of the body, you will live.”
Romans 8:13
The Truth
“Put to death, therefore, whatever
belongs to your earthly nature: sexual
immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires
and greed, which is idolatry. Because
of these, the wrath of God is coming.
You used to walk in these ways,
in the life you once lived...
The Truth
Colossians 3:5-10
But now you must rid yourselves of all
such things as these: anger, rage,
malice, slander, and filthy language
from your lips. Do not lie to each other,
since you have taken off your old self
with its practices and have put on the
new self, which is being renewed in
knowledge in the image of its Creator.
Colossians 3:5-10
The Truth
Maslow,AbrahaminHumanistPsychology(1978),edWelch,Tate,Richards.p.188,190.
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Maslow,Abraham,TowardsaPsychologyofBeing(1968);NewYork,NY;VanNostrandReinhold;p.149.
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“No! Get in touch with the inner man…let him flourish…if you let him guide your life, you will be
healthy, fruitful and happy.”
this is self-actualization…and the consequences are huge…
The Ol’ Garden Lie
What is the enemy of self-actualization?
Suppression of one’s inner desires
Man is created in the image of
God
Goo-man, a product of mindless,
purposeless forces
Who is Man?the Truth claims
Man, though created perfect, rebelled against God and is now fallen, his heart
desperately wicked
Man is basically good
Who is Man?the Truth claims
Man needs divine grace, regeneration,
and redemption
Man must save himself
through self-oriented
pursuits
Who is Man?the Truth claims
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Dualistic, Fallen,
Redemption
Monistic, good,
self-actualization
VS
who is Man?
Truth
Reality
Lie
Illusion
The Battle Over Anthropology
imago deo imago goo
“[Man’s] inner nature is good…”
Hmmm???
“…instincts, at least at the outset, are all ‘good’...”
“…we just don't have any intrinsic instincts for evil…”
if Man is instinctively and basically good, then why is there evil in the world?
Hmmm???
doesn’t this raise a very obvious and important
question????
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
“If man is good by nature, as I believe to have shown him to be, it follows that he stays like that as long as nothing
foreign to him corrupts him.”
How Shall We Then Live, Schaeffer, pg 155
“Man was born free, but everywhere he is in chains!”
(1712-1778)
“For myself, though I am very well
aware of the incredible amount
of destructive, cruel, malevolent
behavior in today’s world--from
the threats of war to the senseless
violence in the streets--I do not
find that this evil is inherent
in human nature.”
Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Summer ‘82, pg 8
Carl Rogers
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Rousseau,Jean‐Jacques(1762);TheSocialContract.
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Rogers,Carl,“NotesonRolloMay,”JournalofHumanisticPsychology,Summer1982,Volume22,Number3;p.8.
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The Logical Quest ion…
If evil doesn’t come from human nature, then where does it come
from?
"Sick people are made by a sick culture; healthy people are
made possible by a healthy culture."
Abraham Maslow
If Man is Good?Why is there Evil?
If Man is Good?Why is there Evil?
“...experience leads me to believe that it is cultural influences
which are the major factor in our evil
behaviors.”Carl Rogers
isn’t evil, as you described it, simply the natural outworking of the evolutionary process?
Interesting Questionthe “feeling bad about evil” problem
why does evil bother you?
why do you feel bad about evil?
Our Culture’s AnthropologyBasic Assumptions
man, by nature, is good
mental health and happiness come
through self-actualization and getting
in touch with one's real ‘good’ self
social institutions are responsible
for man's evil actions
David Noebel, Understanding the Times
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Maslow,Abraham(1954).MotivationandPersonality.NewYork,NY:Harper(2nded.,1970).
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Rogers,Carl,“NotesonRolloMay,”JournalofHumanisticPsychology,Summer1982,Volume22,Number3;p.8.
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Noebel,David.UnderstandingtheTimes.ManitouSprings,CO:p.360.
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Theodore Dalrymple
who is Man?
A n t h r o p o l o g y
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