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A NEW EMISSION INVENTORY OF POWER PLANTS AND INDUSTRIAL
FACILITIES IN THAILAND
PHAM THI BICH THAO, KASEMSAN MANOMAIPHIBOON*, and
CHATCHAWAN VONGMAHADLEK
For Better Air Quality (BAQ) Conference Dec., 2006, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE)King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT)
Bangkok, Thailandhttp://www.jgsee.kmutt.ac.th
*Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Emission Inventory
INTRODUCTION
A comprehensive listing by sources of air pollutant emissions in a geographic area during a specific time period
Important and useful in air quality management, planning, as well as modeling
Source: US EPA
Impact & Policy Assessment
Environmental Strategy• Policies• Controls
Environmental Goals• Technical Feasibility• Economic Issues• Political Implications
Environmental Impacts• Human Health• Ecosystem• Economic
Atmospheric Processes
PollutantDistributions
Atmosphere
Air Quality Management Cycle
Emissions
INTRODUCTION
Scope of Work
Emissions covered: NOX, SO2, NMVOC, CO, NH3, OC, and BC
Reason:To support air quality studies of ozone and fine particulate matter for Thailand
Emission sources: EGAT, IPP, and SPP Onshore industrial facilities
Base year: 2004 Domain: Entire Thailand
INTRODUCTION
Results shown here: Interim + Subject to double checking as part of QA process (ongoing)
Thailand & Its regions
INTRODUCTION
RegionNo. of PowerPlants
%No. of
IndustrialFacilitiesa
%
Central 36 31.0 47,035 38.6
Eastern 39 33.6 8,560 7.0
Northern 17 14.7 15,358 12.6
Northeastern 13 11.2 41,163 33.8
Southern 11 9.5 9,823 8.1
Source: Department of Industrial Works
a) Excluding power plants
General Approach
where
E: Emission rate [mass per time],
EFuncontrolled: Emission factor without control technology [mass per activity unit],
EFcontrolled: Emission factor with control technology [mass per activity unit],
A: Activity rate [activity unit per time], and
ER: Control efficiency (in percent)
,100
1 controllededuncontroll AEFER
AEFE
METHODOLOGY
Emission Estimation Diagram
METHODOLOGY
Fuel consumption (Source Specific)
EGAT
Power Plants
IPP
Top-downBottom-up
SPP
Co
ntr
oll
ed
EF
s
Fuel Consumption
Un
co
ntr
oll
ed
EF
s
Semi Bottom-up
Installed Capacity
Un
co
ntr
oll
ed
EF
s
Annual Emission Estimates
Industrial Facilities
Top-down
Industrial Production
Un
co
ntr
oll
ed
EF
s
Industrial Facilities
Energy Consumption Industrial Processes
Emission Factors
NOX SO2 NMVOC CO NH3 BC OC
Power Plants
EGAT AP-42 AP-42 IPCC AP-42 EIIP
Cao et al. (2006)a
IPP AP-42 AP-42 IPCC AP-42 EIIP
SPP IPCC AP-42 IPCC IPCC EIIP
Industrial Facilities IPCC AP-42 IPCC IPCC EIIP
METHODOLOGY
a) Cao et al (2006) Inventory of black carbon and organic carbon emissions from China. Atmospheric Environment 40, 6516-6527
Emission control in EGAT and IPP: Low-NOX burner and water injection
No emission control for CO & NMVOC No emission control in SPP & industrial facilities Average operation of industrial facilities:
48 hours/week
METHODOLOGY
Assumptions
Energy Consumption by TSICa (in percent)
METHODOLOGY
a) Thai Standard Industrial Classification
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%F
oo
d &
Be
vera
ge
Te
xtile
Wo
od
&F
urn
iture
Pa
pe
r
Ch
em
ica
ls
No
n-M
eta
l
Ba
sic
Me
tal
Fa
bri
catio
n
Oth
er
(Un
cla
ssifi
ed
)
RenewableEnergy
Electricity
Natural Gas
PetroleumProduct
Coal &Lignite
Source: Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency
Emission Estimates for Thermal Power Plants by Region
RESULTS
Annual NOX (103 ton)4.8
29.7
2.4
31.3
32.2
C
E
N
NE
S
Annual SO2 (103 ton)1.8 11.2
92.5 78.3
C
E
N
NE
S
Annual CO (103 ton)
4.1
20.816.1
11.814.3
C
E
N
NE
S
Annual NMVOC (103 ton)
0.4
2.50.9
1.4
1.8
C
E
N
NE
S
RESULTS
Annual OC (103 ton)
0.4
4.5
0.1
C
E
N
NE
S
Annual BC (103 ton)
1.1
6.3
1.1 0.9
0.2
C
E
N
NE
S
Annual NH3 (103 ton)
0.72.5
0.7
0.1
C
E
N
NE
S
RESULTS
Emission Estimates for Industrial Facilities by Region - Energy Consumption
Annual NOX (103 ton)
5.13.5
10.9 33.3
2.7C
E
N
NE
S
Annual NMVOC (103 ton)
0.8
11.02.8
1.2
1.7 C
E
N
NE
S
Annual CO (103 ton)
66.6
51.9
104.5 422.6
7.2
C
E
N
NE
S
Annual SO2 (103 ton)
8.4
136.848.2
10.410.5
C
E
N
NE
S
RESULTS
Annual NH3 (103 ton)
0.10.1
0.40.9
C
E
N
NE
S
Annual OC (103 ton)
8.1
5.0
8.0
39.0
3.2C
E
N
NE
S
Annual BC (103 ton)
3.0
2.3
15.2 26.6
2.3C
E
N
NE
S
Emission Estimates for Industrial Facilities by TSIC - Energy Consumption
RESULTS
Annual SO2 (103 ton)
16.2
4.7 13.3
64.2
44.3
21.3
21.127.4
Food & Beverage
Textile
Wood & Furniture
Paper
Chemicals
Non-Metal
Basic Metal
Fabrication
Other (Unclassified)
Annual CO (103 ton)
19.5
5.916.9
152.0
90.2
41.812.1
310.2
Food & Beverage
Textile
Wood & Furniture
Paper
Chemicals
Non-Metal
Basic Metal
Fabrication
Other (Unclassified)
Annual NMVOC (103 ton)
0.5
0.10.5
4.1
2.5
1.10.4
8.2
Food & Beverage
Textile
Wood & Furniture
Paper
Chemicals
Non-Metal
Basic Metal
Fabrication
Other (Unclassified)
Annual NOX (103 ton)
2.9
3.1 3.8
6.8
9.62.3 4.0
22.2
Food & Beverage
Textile
Wood & Furniture
Paper
Chemicals
Non-Metal
Basic Metal
Fabrication
Other (Unclassified)
RESULTS
Annual BC (103 ton)
3.6
8.02.5
2.9
16.91.5
3.00.8
10.1
Food & Beverage
Textile
Wood & Furniture
Paper
Chemicals
Non-Metal
Basic Metal
Fabrication
Other (Unclassified)
Annual OC (103 ton)
1.52.7
7.4
5.52.1
1.941.2
Food & Beverage
Textile
Wood & Furniture
Paper
Chemicals
Non-Metal
Basic Metal
Fabrication
Other (Unclassified)
Annual NH3 (103 ton)
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.10.1Food & Beverage
Textile
Wood & Furniture
Paper
Chemicals
Non-Metal
Basic Metal
Fabrication
Other (Unclassified)
Emission Estimates for Industrial Facilities by TSIC - Industrial Processes
RESULTS
SO2 (103 ton) 273.2
NMVOC (103 ton) 13.5
CO (103 ton) 57.3
Comparison to Past Emission Inventories
RESULTS
This study
(2004)
TRACE-P
(2000)
JICA
(2000)
DEDE
(2004)
NOX
(103 ton)155.9 207.1 176.0 413
SO2
(103 ton)398.0 888.8 320 357
CO
(103 ton)719.9 NA NA 209
Development of temporal distribution profiles of
emission sources
Spatial allocation
Physical characterization of emission sources
(e.g., stack parameters and locations)
Ongoing Work
Acknowledgments Suthisa Sanguantrakool (Department of Alternative
Energy Development and Efficiency)
Piyavadee Limvoranusorn (Pollution Control Department)
Dr. Sirakarn Leungsakul (Department of Industrial Works)
Dr. Decha Pimpisut (Department of Industrial Works)
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Prungchan Wongwises (JGSEE)
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT)
Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE).
THANK YOU