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A NEW SPECIES WAS DISCOVERED IN THE DESERT NEAR MANZANILLO, MEXICO.
WHAT THE #%^!@ IS IT?
Observations:
Observations:
Observations:
Observations:
Observation
Info gathered in a careful, orderly way. Can be qualitative or quantitative.
Quantitative Observations
• 6.8 inches long
• 0.5 - 1 inch wide
• 6 legs + 2 antennae
• 2 “claws”
• 0 fangs/stingers
• 2 body segments
Info that can be counted/measured. Memory trick: “quantity”. Ex: length, weight, number of legs, etc.
Qualitative Observations
Info that cannot be counted. Memory trick: “quality.” Ex: color, shape, location, behavior.
• Non-aggressive
• Native to Mexico (caves)
• Dull brownish-black
• Color “banding” on legs
Inference• Dull colors (camouflage)
• Non-aggressive
• 0 fangs/stingers
• Two pinching “claws”
• Inference: not poisonous.
A logical guess based on observation. Not a fact, because it has not been tested with an experiment.
Observation vs. Inference
Make some quantitative and qualitative observations based on this photo.
Observation vs. Inference
Based on your observations, make an inference.
An inference is a possible idea, NOT a fact!
After doing an investigation, you may uncover information that contradicts your inference.
By watching commercials, a nerd observes that women go crazy for guys that wear body spray.
The nerd infers that body spray probably attracts women.
He decides to investigate the idea using the scientific method.
Scientific Method
An organized way to investigate an idea. 6 steps; repeatable by other scientists.
Ask a QUESTION
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Devise a HYPOTHESIS
Conduct EXPERIMENT
Analyze DATA and draw CONCLUSION
REPORT RESULTS
=
Question
Step 1 of the SM. Based on inference.
Do male body sprays really attract women?
Background Research
Step 2; info collected BEFORE forming a hypothesis. Narrows down possibile hypotheses.
Hypothesis
Step 3; a possible idea, not yet tested. Must be TESTABLE in the real world.
+ =
Experiment
Step 4; a way of testing the hypothesis.
+
Data
Step 5; Info collected during an experiment. Can be Quant. or Qual.
N = 12
Conclusion
Also step 5; whether hypothesis is supported or not. Based on data. MUST include the word “hypothesis.”
+ =
Report Results
Step 6; to make the results of an experiment public so that other scientists can repeat it.
NERD NEWS
AXE BODY
SPRAY TOTALLY
WORKS!Nerds around
the world
overjoyed,
slightly
nervous.Axe Body
Spray sales at
all-time high!Our new
leader.
Theory
A hypothesis that has been tested many times under different conditions (“Well-supported.”) Must get same results each time.
Hypothesis vs. Theory
Tested once: a supported hypothesisTested many times with same results: a theory
If hypothesis is supported – go to step 6 (report results)
Ask a QUESTION
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Devise a HYPOTHESIS
Conduct EXPERIMENT
Analyze DATA and draw CONCLUSION
REPORT RESULTS
If hypothesis is not supported – GO BACK TO STEP #3
You need a new hypothesis, not a new question!
Ask a QUESTION
BACKGROUND RESEARCH
Devise a HYPOTHESIS
Conduct EXPERIMENT
Analyze DATA and draw CONCLUSION
REPORT RESULTS
Does fertilizer really help plants grow?
Plant A Plant B
Controlled Experiment
Experiment in which only ONE variable is changed.
Plant A Plant B
All other variables are controlled (kept the same).
Manipulated Variable
The variable in a controlled experiment that is not controlled(not kept the same)
X
There is only ONE MV to avoid experimental error.
Responding Variable
Variable that is measured/counted.
Plant A Plant B
“Responds” to the MV.
Controlled Variables
Variables that are kept the same.
There always will be many CV’s.
On your graphic organizer, write short definitions for each variable. Then, identify the MV, RV, and CV’s in
the sunflower experiment.
Manipulated variable: fertilizer
Responding variable: growth of plants
On your graphic organizer, write short definitions for each variable. Then, identify the MV, RV, and CV’s in
the sunflower experiment.
Controlled variables: sunlight, water, type of plant, same ruler, etc.
On your graphic organizer, write short definitions for each variable. Then, identify the MV, RV, and CV’s in
the sunflower experiment.
Controlled Axe Experiment - Two Nerds
Nerd A Nerd B
Controlled Axe Experiment - Two Nerds
Nerd A Nerd BManipulated variable:
Axe spray
Controlled Axe Experiment - Two Nerds
Nerd A Nerd BResponding variable:
Number of kisses
Controlled Axe Experiment - Two Nerds
Nerd A Nerd B
Controlled variables:
Same appearance, clothing, personality/charm, hygiene; same party with same girls;
same time of night
Does fertilizer really help plants grow?
Experimental Error
False results that occur when there is more than one MV.
Is it a Controlled Experiment?
Nerd A Nerd B
Not a controlled experiment – there is more than one MV
Is it a Controlled Experiment?
Nerd A Nerd B
No – there is no MV!
#40
What will the manipulated and responding variables be?
Spontaneous Generation
The belief that life can arise from nonliving matter. Disproved by Redi using a controlled experiment.
Redi’s Spontaneous Generation Experiment
Maggots appear No maggots
1. State Redi’s hypothesis (correct format).
Maggots appear No maggots
2. Identify the responding variable.
Maggots appear No maggots
3. Identify the manipulated variable.
Maggots appear No maggots
4. Identify two variables that were controlled.
Maggots appear No maggots
5. State Redi’s conclusion.
Maggots appear No maggots
6. Explain why this would not be a controlled experiment if one jar contained chicken.
Maggots appear No maggots
1. State Redi’s hypothesis (correct format).
Maggots appear No maggots
If the jar is covered, then no maggots will appear.
2. Identify the responding variable.
Maggots appear No maggots
Appearance of maggots.
3. Identify the manipulated variable.
Maggots appear No maggots
Gauze cover.
4. Identify two variables that were controlled.
Maggots appear No maggots
Type of meat, size of meat, type of jar, location.
5. State Redi’s conclusion.
Maggots appear No maggots
His hypothesis was correct.
6. Explain why this would not be a controlled experiment if one jar contained chicken.
Maggots appear No maggotsThere would be more than one MV.
Line Graph
Shows change over a period of time. Change = y-axis; time = x axis.
Bar Graph
Shows comparison between different groups or categories.
Control Group
Does not receive the MV. Needed for comparison.
1. State the researcher’s hypothesis.If aspirin is added to the soil, then the roses will grow faster.
What you do What you measure
Bar Graph – Results of Axe Experiment
Nu
mb
er o
f S
mil
es
Per. 1 Per. 2 Per. 3 Per. 4 Per. 6
Red: With AxeBlue: Without Axe
Conclusion: according to data, hypothesis NOT supported