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A Parking Management Guide for Local Governments
Cristina Lynn
Presented at Transpoquip
Sao Paulo, November 2011
The Parking Journey
No parking controls
Parking demand starts to exceeds supply
Authorities start
receiving complaints. Pedestrian accidents
are reported
Planning controls on
new developme
nts are introduced
Time restrictions and
enforcement are introduced
Resident permits
are introduced
Parking frustration
persists despite controls
Authorities start
considering firmer
measures
Pay Parking- An Overview
Why Pay Parking?
• Local Government agencies have an obligation to improve the quality of their urban spaces.
• Congestion dominated sidewalks and roads do nothing for the aesthetics of any urban hub and leaves it dominated by a handful of cars
Pay Parking- An Overview
Why Pay Parking?
• Pay Parking can immediately improve traffic flows and accessibility
• Generate revenue for public works on a user pays model.
• Is a vital part of a regional transport management program
Simple........Isn’t It?
Pay Parking ….
Just cementing parking meters on the sidewalk sounds simple - but is a very complex process to actually implement
Simple........Isn’t It?
SOME OF THE OBSTACLES:
– Public disapproval : “ruins businesses”, “bad for local retail/office workers that cannot use public transport”, “residents complain because it impacts their visitors”
– No formal bureaucratic processes in place
– Internal coordination “Who is going to be the one that falls on their sword?”
– Budget constraints for new infrastructure
– Traffic Management Policy
The Complex Dialogue that is Pay Parking
Local Government Pay Parking
Strategy
Alternative transport options Has allowance been made for bicycles, car sharing, public transport and contribution schemes
Traffic Management Consistent with Traffic management strategy
On street versus off street – pricing strategy Holistic approach required to achieve an integrated parking policy
Reporting, reconciliation and audit requirements Government processes Does system stand up to scrutiny?
Can processes be implemented
Stakeholder Consultation Along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy Resident parking Schemes
Current and Future Demand & Supply Survey for comparison with future scenarios (match supply and demand)
Key Components
Technology for parking & enforcement Myriad of alternative options available; consider future proofing
EMV Credit Card
Feasibility Study Consider operational, technological and enforcement issues for an overall assessment of revenues and expenses; how will revenues be used?
Local Government Pay Parking
Strategy
Stakeholder Consultation Along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy Resident parking Schemes
Key Components
Stakeholder Consultation - The Key
Make sure you are never accused of not having communicated enough!!!
External Consultation
• Residents that depend on kerbside parking
• Local retailers and small businesses
• Other authorities
– Neighbouring government agencies
– Regional transport authorities
But.....Leave the media out of it!!!!
Stakeholder Consultation - The Key
Make sure you are never accused of not having communicated enough!!!
Internal Consultation
• Policy advisors (that report to the Councillors)
• Departments that are likely to be impacted
• Media department
Local Government Pay Parking
Strategy
Stakeholder Consultation Along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy Resident parking Schemes
Key Components
Technology for parking & enforcement Myriad of alternative options available; consider future proofing
EMV Credit Card
Technology Research
• Pay and display
• Multi bay
• Pay by space
• Licence Plate Recognition
• Bay Sensors
• Credit card technology
• Off-street
• Enforcement
• Integration of various systems
Pay & Display (PAD)
• Advantages
– User familiarity, tried and tested technology
– Easy to enforce
– Receipt issued with every transaction
– Can potentially maximise usage by marking area, not individual bays
Pay & Display (PAD)
• Disadvantages
– Consumable costs (paper)
– Increased maintenance (ticket refills, ticket jams)
– Expensive to enforce
– Integration with bay sensor technology
Pay by Bay (PBB)
• Advantages – No ticket issued – Easy to enforce (officer
checks meter for all expired bays)
– Convenience (user does not need to return to vehicle after payment)
– Tried & tested in on-street environments
– Easily integrated with bay sensor technology for enforcement, resetting of meters, space availability information, etc
Pay by Bay (PBB)
• Disadvantages
– Unused time automatically handed to next parker
– Individual bays need to be marked /numbered
– If meter not functioning all the bays linked to that meter become inoperable
– Need to educate and inform users (e.g. note bay number before paying)
– Need to specify issue of receipt on request
Pay by Plate (PBP)
• Advantages
– No ticket issued (reduced paper, reduced maintenance etc)
– Unused time not transferable to next parker
– Convenience (user does not need to return to vehicle after payment)
Pay by Plate (PBP)
• Disadvantages
– Enforcement more complex than PBB
– Ranger enters/scans licence plate into PDA and system checks that vehicle has paid for parking
– Each check takes between 5-30 seconds, depending on communications method
– User needs to spend more time at meter inputting licence plate in addition to payment
– Potential for licence plate input errors
Pay by Phone
• Advantages
– Fewer meters / machines required (only as back up)
– Unused time not transferred to next parker
– User receives warning of expiry – able to top up without returning to vehicle
– No cash handling
Pay by Phone
• Disadvantages
– Some meters still required and usually less convenient as more spaced out
– User usually needs to pre-register for service
– Registration not attractive for occasional users, tourists
– Different entry methods (keypad, voice recognition)
Pay on Foot
• Benefits: – Improved security for users (reduced
risk of car theft) – Recycling of notes/coin allows for less
frequent cash handling – Regular users can pay via stored value
card (rechargeable at the pay stations)
– High level of reporting and data generated by system
– No enforcement activity required – Can use loop counters at entry/exit to inform dynamic signage
Individual Bay Sensors
• Advantages – Together with meters, they
provide an integrated, efficient and effective enforcement regime
– Alert sent to parking officer when overstay detected, enabling targeted enforcement
– Can provide comprehensive reporting of occupancy & turnover of spaces
– Allows unspent transactions to be reset (increased revenues to the authority)
Individual Bay Sensors
• Advantages – Visible sign of control (reduces overstays and encourages turnover of bays)
– No wiring required (battery or solar powered)
– Can be integrated with dynamic signage to provide
accurate, real-time space availability to users
Implementation of a Parking Management Strategy
De-centralised parking management – all too common occurrence
What happens if there is little cohesion or coordination between various stakeholders and government entities???????
Business as usual $%^&*%$%&&
Transport Strategy Ensure that operational functions are in-line with strategic direction
Parking Operations
Technical team Installations Contract management Performance management
Finance Dept. Reporting, reconciliation and audit Procurement
Parking Permit Administration Required to achieve an integrated parking policy
Traffic Management policy
Customer Service Dept Report meter faults and general Inbound complaints
Media Unit Public Consultation required along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy
Resident support
Enforcement requires regular monitoring and updating
Traffic Operations
Kerbside allocations for parking. Surveys Traffic engineering bicycles, car sharing, public transport
IT Service Dept Assists with the implementation of parking management systems
Traffic Management Issues
• Civil works, roadside works, special events are not communicated appropriately.
• Transport planning need to understand on-street demands
• Areas where parking meters are required are not identified and conveyed to the right parties
• Changes to kerbside parking allocation not communicated to the other departments
• Parking fees set outside of traffic management parameters
Enforcement issues
• Parking meter revenue is influenced by enforcement efficiencies.
• Enforcement officers are less motivated to pass on meter faults to the parking operations dept
• Modern parking technology not being used to its full potential.
• Parking permits are routinely abused creating huge pressure on parking demand
Media mis-management
• Communications/marketing department needs to be across politically sensitive changes to kerbside space so that there is little public backlash
• Poor implementation of pay parking (e.g. High number of meter breakdowns in first few weeks) - can be embarrassing
• Even though there may be community benefits to pay parking, the public will be less cooperative with the introductory of pay parking.
Non Collaboration = No Action
Council receive complaints
form resident group relating
to parking
Senior management
request a report on the
issue
Traffic operations investigate the issue
Parking surveys
conducted
Recommendations to implement
parking controls are conveys to senior
management
Media Unit develop comms
plan
consultation process
commences
Public criticism is
forecast
Process starts to collapse
Too many uncoordinated steps – opens the doors to increased chance of failure
How do you make it all happen????
•
Ideal Business Model
Transport Strategy Ensure that operational functions are in-line with strategic direction
Parking Operations
Technical team Installations Contract management Performance management
Finance Dept. Reporting, reconciliation and audit Procurement
Parking Permit Administration Required to achieve an integrated parking policy
Traffic Management policy
Customer Service Dept Report meter faults and general Inbound complaints
Media Unit Public Consultation required along every step of the process Communications and media Strategy
Resident support
Parking Management Strategy
Enforcement requires regular monitoring and updating
Traffic Operations
Kerbside allocations for parking. Surveys Traffic engineering bicycles, car sharing, public transport
IT Service Dept Assists with the implementation of parking management systems
Sydney Olympics 2000
Sydney Olympic Authority (SOPA)
• Working group set up by NSW State Premier
• Main aim to coordinate traffic management issues
• Prior to SOPA no coordinated effort.
• SOPA had powers in relation to all traffic and parking matters.
• BUT they cooperated with local authorities to ensure the best outcome
• Traffic engineers that were present at the time stated “Local authorities were motivated to support SOPA to ensure they were not overruled (by not cooperating). What they found however – was an opportunity to work together to achieve broad outcomes that would have otherwise been difficult to implement.” The Sydney Olympic parking infrastructure and supporting road networks are testament to the sudden efficiencies realised through this new spirit of cooperation.
• The legacy of this initiative lives on today and formed the basis of how several government departments can manage major transport issues.
Adopting the correct model
• The City can finally make money out of the car – AND start moving into the 21st century where sidewalks are handed back to the people
• Increased efficiency and significantly higher revenues
• Various departments are working as a team to achieve wider transport objectives.
• Reduced fraud and increased transparency between departments and staff
• Increased enforcement efficiencies will lead to better staff morale.
Conclusion
• There are too many potential obstacles – therefore it is imperative to set a Clear Direction
• A Working group is mandatory to ensure a united position on various issues and that the journey is a lot smoother
• Strong communications/media strategy is important for both the government AND the public. There is no need for excessive public backlash
• Do not rush into a technology investment – carry out a detailed analysis of pros and cons of various options and build a business case. Above all ensure you are future proofing your parking operation
for more information visit us at: www.parkingconsultants.com
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