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A Picture Tells a Thousand Stories:
Mapping inequality in education in KZN
Volker Wedekind
UKZN
People’s Summit for Equal Education, 2011
Background
KZN Treasury funded research on improving quality in education
Two year research process drawing on:
System data International and national data Linkages to other research projects Classroom based studies (Grade 6 mathematics) Questionnaires (teachers and principals) Interviews (officials) Consultation
Products
• Literature Review• Map• State of the Province Report• Policy Recommendations• Newspaper articles• Public presentations
The economic context
• Labour absorption rate in June 2010 for KZN is 36.7%
• Broad unemployment rate is currently at 35.9%• Gap between rich and poor increases
– Per capita monthly income for poorest 10% is R1 041, richest 10% R97 899
– GINI 0.66 (KZN worst in SA with 0.77)
• KZN and EC have the largest number of people in LSM 1 (the lowest Living Standards Measure)
Education by Numbers
• 9 Districts• 2 773 336 Learners (23% of national)• 85 901 Teachers (22% of national)• 5 907 Schools (24% of national)• Learner: Educator ratio 32:1
Learners
• 2009 Pass rate 61.1%, 2010 improved to 70.7%
• Illiteracy 23.5% (national)
• Learner years of effort to Grade 12 = 19
• Learner years of effort to graduation = 32
Teachers
• HIV prevalence amongst teachers = 21.8% (9.3-32.5%)(national 12%)
• 71% female - Males dominate management• 61% qualified REQV14
– 12 000 unqualified, Rural urban divide• Minimum number of new teachers required per annum in
KZN = +-5 000• Total national production of teachers =
+-5000
Enrolment
Enrolment by Grade 2009
50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
Enrolment 152 313 249 863 216 380 216 960 217 887 216 983 217 710 221 923 233 692 190 490 207 124 200 231 134 101
Grade R Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12
Age AppropriatenessGrade Age Below
appropriate age for grade
Appropriate age for grade
Above appropriate age for grade
Grade 1 6 5% 53% 42%
Grade 2 7 5% 40% 55%
Grade 3 8 5% 36% 59%
Grade 4 9 6% 33% 62%
Grade 5 10 6% 30% 64%
Grade 6 11 6% 28% 67%
Grade 7 12 5% 26% 69%
Grade 8 13 5% 24% 71%
Grade 9 14 4% 21% 76%
Grade 10 15 4% 18% 78%
Grade 11 16 5% 21% 74%
Grade 12 17 7% 25% 68%
Average 6% 32% 62%
Seeing the picture
• A map of the province provides a graphic and immediate overview
• District level analysis, data on schools, teachers, learners, international comparisons and the budget allocations provide a useful resource base
Comparing districts: Umlazi
Comparing districts: Umzinyathi
Comparing districts: Vryheid
Budget
• Budget has declined as a percentage of provincial budget but remains generous by developing country standards
• The bulk of expenditure (78%)is on personnel
• Infrastructure backlog R30 billion +– Classrooms R15 billion
Key Information Gordon Road Girls
SiphiwesamangwePrimary
District Umlazi OthukelaSchool type Primary PrimaryEnrolment Annual Survey 2009 585 585Quintile 5 1Fee Status Fee paying No FeeFunding Norms per learner 2009/10 R160 R795
Total recurrent allocation per funding norms
R 84 800 R 370 423
School fees (estimate) R 12 300 R 0Fees collected in 2009 (estimate) R 7 500 000 R 0State paid educator posts 15 15Governing body remunerated posts 24 0
Learner:educator ratio 15 39
Summary of Key Findings• Highly differentiated system
– Size and shape– Socio-economic context– Performance
• There are many interventions targeting the right issues, but they remain uncoordinated
• Human resources are key but supply, utilisation and development planning minimal
• Districts are key to school based support
Data
• Reliability• Enrolment data central to the system
– Funding– PPN– Supply planning– Infrastructure– Efficiencies and throughput
• SA SAMS, LURITS, Persal• EMIS resources key
Seeing the big picture• We need to see how the parts make up
the whole• Silos within the department must be
broken down• Resources should be directed to specific
areas of need• Recognise and deal with the differentiation
Recommendations• Better data and analysis needed• District organisation and resourcing• Better planning and linkages into other role
players• Resourcing formulae need to be reviewed• Short course for management• Teacher development• Rural schools need a specific plan• Curriculum support• Research
A small step
• EduAction has started making data available on every school in KZN
• Interactive maps show where schools are, what their status is, their performance and their infrastructure
• Aerial photos are attached to most
• See www.schoolmaps.co.za
• We can do the same at a local level