A pilot case study on the impact of a self-prescribed ketogenic diet on biochemical parameters and running performance in healthy and physically active individuals

7/27/2019 A pilot case study on the impact of a self-prescribed ketogenic diet on biochemical parameters and running perfor

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RESEARCH ARTICLE

R J K1,2

, T F3, T A

4, S F

5, J P

5 U

K6

1D R O, U H W, 97080 W, G

2D R R O, L H, 97421 S, G

3PREDIA GH, V. 22, 97072 W, G

4, Z S. 113, 8952 ZHS, S

5D F I T, G U A S P H M, 66125

S, G6D O G, U H W, 97080 W, GC: @.

K (KD)

,

. H,

. W

57

.

T (7 , 5 , 2460 ) ,

(BIA)

. O , KD 38

( 3550 ), . K

. S

. D

,

.

T KD . I

. M . H, LDL

(


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P 2 27

. I , .

W ,

. H,

.

H , , , ; ;

K (KD)

(CHO,


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P 3 27

H 1885

[22].

O

KD

. T

V S

K A

12 [2325].

B

,

,

[24]. I

1967 K . [26]

KD

,

50 CHO . T

CHO,

. 14 , E .

[27]

KD 24

LDL . T

KD, LDL

(CVD)

. H,

M S, J V

LDL ,

KD, . .

HDL

[28, 29]. T

KD

LDL [12]. T LDL

KD

P

31

[30]. A ,

75 %

. M LDL

,

CVD

.

T

KD

; ,

KD. F

(UK) (JP),

KD . W

KD

. W

KD

,

,

. I

KD

.

T

. T

14 F 2012

10 A 2012. A


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P 4 27

PREDIA

(PREDIA GH, W,

G),

. A

I C H

D H

G C P [31].

W

. E

KD

. A

KD

,

( )

; ,

(RK UK)

. A

.

S

,

. N

11

75/. S 1, 2, 4 11

,

. T

CHO

.

D

T 1.

O ( PRE),

6 . T

. V

EDTA (

) (

/ ) (

). T

15

1500

4 C. T

,

U H W

. S,

XE 2100

(S E GH, N,

G). T /

C 8000

(R D;

M, G).

N,

(BIA)

ESPEN T 1 K

. [32]. E

, R

X 50 H

BIA (BIA 101; A

S, F, I). T ,

= (X/R),

R X

1 O 2 O,

. E ,

R X

(ECW),

(ICW), (TBW

= ECW+ICW), (BCM),

(ECM), (FFM =

BCM+ECM) (FM =

FFM)

.


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. 1 C PRE.

A

1

1

1 32 74.9 182 22.6 T 10 11

2 29 78.5 183 23.4 T 6 6

3 29 77.5 180 23.9 S 4 4

4 32 80.5 176 26.0 T 2 3

5 24 87.4 186 25.3 C 5 6

6 60 70.1 176 22.6 R 2 2

7 36 93.5 172 31.6 W 4 6

8 32 61 165 22.4 T 6 10

9 25 68.7 164 25.5 T 6 7

10 24 68.3 178 21.6 R 2 1

11 46 72.4 171 24.8 F

3 4.5

12 35 47.5 158 19.0 W 4 6

T FFM 3.56 %

K . [33],

100000 M C FFM

FM,

. B, FFM

. S

FM

FFM , .

F BIA

,

(J LE 580 C)

(2)

. D ,

2022 C. H (HR) (S T; P

E, K, F) (2),

(2) (E)

(J

O P, C G 234 GH,

H, G). T

(14.99 V% O2 5.80 V% CO2). S

7.5 /. E 3 ,

1.5 /

. 2 ()

1 1 1

, ()

(RQ) 1.1. A,

2

30

() (). T

(RCP) E/2


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[34]. A

,

30

10

. I ,

,

,

S GL A L

A (D. M G GH,

F, G)

24


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N M 2013, 1(1): 10

P 7 27

, 95 %

(CI) . D

. A

R

2.15.2 (://..).

A

. M

38 ( 3550 ). U

95 %

(92100 %). M

4

(15 ). T, 95 %

(59100 %)

, 0.5 16 /

( 1.5 /).

A

CHO 16.51.1 /

(


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degrees

l/m

kg/m

alpha FM FFM BCM ECW ICW

-4

-2

0

2

4

-4

-2

0

2

4

35 3.1 %

(=0.02). T

PRE POST (=0.93,


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2BIA PRE POST

()

1 75.0 72.0 7.9 8.6 17.9 18.2 28.9 32.0 64.0 68.7

2 78.5 78.0 7.1 7.6 19.5 19.4 27.9 29.7 64.7 67.1

3 77.5 73.7 6.8 8.4 18.9 16.5 25.8 28.4 61.0 61.4

4 80.5 75.0 6.4 7.6 21.5 18.3 27.4 28.3 66.8 63.6

5 87.4 86.8 6.8 7.2 21.0 20.5 28.6 30.0 67.8 69.0

6 70.2 67.8 6.1 7.1 19.4 18.3 23.7 26.3 53.9 55.7

7 93.5 92.1 7.0 6.6 21.1 21.8 29.7 29.0 69.5 69.5

8 61.0 59.0 5.9 6.3 15.3 14.7 17.9 18.5 45.3 45.3

9 67.7 70.1 6.1 6.4 16.8 16.2 20.3 20.8 50.7 50.4

10 68.4 66.3 4.8 6.1 18.3 16.4 16.8 20.0 48.0 49.8

11 72.4 70.8 5.8 6.3 16.9 16.3 19.3 20.4 49.5 50.2

12 48.5 48.8 6.7 6.5 12.2 12.8 16.4 16.7 39.1 40.3

73.7 71.4 6.6 6.9 18.6 17.4 24.8 27.3 57.5 58.6

95% [3.0,0.5] [0.2,1.0] [1.5,0.05] [0.6,2.3] [0.7,2.5]

0.02 0.01 0.08 0.003 0.08


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3B PRE POST

()

()

(103/3) 5.6 (4.3 7.5) 5.1 (4.7 6.4) 4.010.0

(106/) 4.7 (4.4 5.2) 4.8 (4.4 5.4) 4.45.9

(%) 28 (17 48) 31 (20 45) 2040

(%) 6 (4 9) 6 (4 10) 010

(103/) 230 (138 468) 250 (174 404) 150400

(%)

(%)

(%)

1 (0 1)

2 (1 5)

59 (43 74)

1 (0 1)

3 (1 7)

59 (43 64)

01

04

4070

(/) 14.1 (12.9 16.0) 14.3 (12.5 15.8) 13.317.7

(%) 42.8 (38.6 46.8) 43.3 (39.0 47.7) 40.052.0

() 89 (86 95) 90 (87 94) 81100

() 30.0 (28.3 31.0) 29.8 (28.0 30.3) 27.034.0

(/) 33.6 (32.4 34.7) 33.2 (31.9 34.1) 31.536.3

A1 (%) 5.6 (5.3 5.7) 5.4 (5.0 5.8)


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()

()

(/) 140 (137 142) 140 (137 144) 135148

(/) 3.97 (3.73 4.46) 4.07 (3.71 4.39) 3.705.00

(/) 4.73 (4.36 5.14) 4.70 (4.45 5.09) 4.205.20

(/) 90 (31 192) 72 (42 120) 59158

(/) 54 (25 411) 88 (14 381) 30350


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4L

()

()

(/) 0.07 (0.04 3.46) 0.10 (0.04 0.82)


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5B , TSH

()

()

(/) 94 (86 110) 88 (74 108) 60110

(/) 64 (26 91) 76 (35 110)


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P 14 27

H,

P . 9

4 KD [14],

BUN

. T

1

1.23 / PRE

1.36 / POST.

C ,

(TAG),

(TSH)

T 5. B

. TAG

. T

LDL (LDLC)

(TC) ,

HDLC (F 2). W TC

(

200 /) PRE 7 12 .

A , , TC

( 11 POST

199 /). I , 2

LDL C

. H

.

I,

LDLC

POST TC/HDLC PRE

POST (U, =0.005)

(F 3).

T

TSH [38,

39].

W

TSH

F 3. H, 11

KD TSH

. O

, TSH

( = 0.15).

T

PRE POST F 4

, ,

. B

,

,

. T

.

A PRE

POST T 6.

I

,

,

, 2

RCP. W

, RQ

POST PRE (1.06 (1.01.07) .

0.98 (0.921.02), =0.03).

B

KD 5

. T

KD . W

,

.

T

15


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2C , (HDL) (LDL)

TC/LDL . N ( ) ( ) .

3C TSH . G F 2. N 11 TSH

.


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4L () () PRE ( ) POST ( )

.


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T

.

1

1

2

1

2

11

1

PRE POST PRE POST PRE POST PRE POST PRE POST PRE POST PRE PO

1 1440 1350 198 195 272 261 3.6 3.6 4643 4132 61.9 57.4 170

2 1530 1380 174 173 285 284 3.6 3.6 5164 5154 65.8 66.1 160

3 1200 1170 167 165 259 245 3.3 3.3 4159 3866 53.7 52.5 150

4 1080 1080 187 182 246 227 3.1 3.0 4267 4196 53.0 55.9 165

5 810 780 189 187 238 240 2.7 2.8 4583 4704 52.4 54.2 171

6 900 900 181 179 190 183 2.7 2.7 3629 3264 51.7 48.1 154

7 450 510 183 183 203 199 2.2 2.2 3608 3351 38.6 36.4 160

8 990 1020 203 201 182 176 3.0 3.0 3436 3420 56.3 58.0 180

9 900 900 174 177 186 189 2.7 2.7 3205 3260 47.3 46.5 158

10 630 720 195 206 164 159 2.4 2.4 2618 2859 38.3 43.1 175

11 630 630 195 193 173 170 2.4 2.4 3375 3201 46.6 45.2 170

12 360 420 184 175 81 98 1.7 2.0 1640 1737 33.8 35.6 171

900 900 186 183 197 194 2.7 2.8 3619 3386 52.1 50.3 168

95% [60,90] [4,3] [10,1] [0.1,0.3] [261,55] [1.8,1.8] [5,3]

0.95 0.21 0.08 0.79 0.20 0.97 0.50


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P 18 27

59

100 % .

T

,

. W

, ,

CHO

. A

CHO (


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P 19 27

[33]. O M C

, 3.5 %,

2.2 % FM

(..

0) 12 % FFM . T

FM

0.05 FFM

4 %.

W

FFM, FM

. T

ECW

POST

. B FM

FFM, (

FFM)

FM POST. H,

,

,

[55]. I , BIA

PRE POST

RX P .

[56] ( ). T

. I KD

POST,

FFM FM

BIA. W

,

[5153].

W

,

1, 2, 7, 11 12

7 12 ( ). A

[57]. R

[58]

[59]. I,

P .

,

KD [14]. F,

30 U/

CHO [48, 49].

C P

. (14),

,

(T 2). A

(TC) LDLC

(F.2). T

TC LDL

C

[23, 2628] [35]

KD. I

KD,

LDLC [12].

S

[14, 60] [17, 6163] TC

LDLC ,

. A

, LDLC

[64, 65]


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P 20 27

[66],

LDL

. O

POST

P LDLC

TC 177.1 268.7 /,

,

CHO [30]. H

V S

K A

, TC

[23].

N, TC A

800 /. T

KD

(CVD) .

E LDLC

CVD,

.

T , , CHO

LDL

,

[28, 6668]

LDL

LDL

. I LDL

[69]. A

LDL

CVD ,

LDL

(TAG) TC/HDLC

CVD ( [70] ).

O

( TC, HDLC LDLC,

TAG)

. L

LDL

TAG

. T

LDLC

TAG G .

[66]. B

,

KD

CRP, TC, LDLC

HDLC [62]. I 11 9 12 ,

, LDLC/HDLC TC/HDLC

(T 2), 2

TC/HDLC 4.6 PRE 4.1

POST. C TAG CRP

, KD

CVD.

I TAG

,

. T

TAG CHO [12].

H,

TAG . O

TAG

. T

TAG .

I 1 2,

TC LDLC

PRE POST. I ,

. A

2

.

A

, ,

(T4) (T3),

TSH . T3 (

T4)

LDL


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LDL

[7173]. L T3

LDL

LDL

. B [74] [14,

7579]

CHO T3

T4 T3. A

,

, TSH

, ,

TSH

.

I, 11

LDL . F,

TSH LDL

,

[38, 39]. W

KD

T3 T4,

LDL

LDL

LDL

[71].

P KD

[14, 26],

(BUN) [26, 28]

[14]. I

[80, 81]. T

,

K . [26]. E BUN

[26, 28]. I

,

ATP

BUN. F,

J [82]. C

,

, BUN

,

(=0.016). E

MDRD [83]

91.8 //1.73 2 82.9 //1.73 2

(=0.021). H,

, KD

. U,

,

.

A ,

KD

,

. I

,

2 HR RCP. T

RCP

. A

, H+

(

),

.

T

. I

, RCP


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P 22 27

,

E/2 (F.7 H .

[84]).

I ,

RQ

,

. I ,

,

POST PRE

. T

. N

, RQ

POST PRE

[13, 18] [15]

KD. I ,

KD 2

,

. P [42]

:

(

);

(

);

CHO

, . T

23 ,

POST.

R 2

[18, 19]. H,

POST

PRE. T

. N,

.

I ,

CHO

12 .

I

. I ,

(2) (RCP)

.

O . T

, ,

. H,

.

N,

. A

,

.

A

. F ,

CHO .

H,

KD

,

; ,

KD. I

,


23/27

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P 23 27

. I , ,

.

R ,

. F,

. S,

,

/

,

. T,

. A,

CHO . F,

. N,

,

CHO ,

.

F,

TSH

KD.

S KD

,

,

,

.

T

. I ,

, FM. W

,

.

A , ,

,

.

A 1 E

. W

,

. W

.

BCM = B ; BUN = B

; BW = B ; CI = C

; CHO = C; ECM =

E ; ECW = E

; FFM = F ; FM = F ;

HDLC = HDL ; ICW = I

; KD = K ; LDLC = LDL

; RCP = R

; TAG = T; TBW = T

; TC = T

N

.

RK UK ,

,

. TF

. JP, TA SF

.


24/27

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P 24 27

W

. W

U G D. G K

J

B

. UK

D G E

(DGEM). T

G R F

(DFG) U W

O A P.

1 C JH, M A, N EG, . T

:

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N M 2013, 1(1): 10

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N M 2013, 1(1): 10

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N M 2013, 1(1): 10

P 27 27

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Documents

A pilot case study on the impact of a self-prescribed ketogenic diet on biochemical parameters and running performance in healthy and physically active individuals