A preliminary survey of paranormal experiences with psychoactive drugs - Luke & Kittenis 2005

8/6/2019 A preliminary survey of paranormal experiences with psychoactive drugs - Luke & Kittenis 2005

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A preliminAry survey o pArAnormAlexperiences with psychoActive drugs

By David p. Luke andMariosKittenis

AbstrAct: the ouene o anpeonal expeiene wih pyhedeliuane i well aeed, and eveal uvey have onienly ound a mallelaionhip eween paanomal expeiene and he ue o uh dug in geneal.Iolaed inveigaion o expeiene wih peif dug exi, u no uvey haveyemaially examined whehe paiula expeiene elae o paiula dug.In an online uvey, 139 eponden wee euied hough paapyhology o

pyhedeli inee goup and ompleed a queionnaie deailing pyhoaivedug-ue ehaviou and he equeny o ouene o a nume o paanomal,hamani, and myial ype expeiene. Paen o dug-indued anpeonalexpeiene epoed elewhee wee moly oooaed, paiulaly he

poliviy o elepahi expeiene wih annai, ou-o-ody expeiene wihkeamine, eniy enoune expeiene wih N,N-dimehylypamine (DMt), and

plan-pii enoune wih a ho o pyhedeli plan. seveal mall oelaionwee ound eween dug-ue equeny and expeiene equeny wih eain dugand expeiene ype, paiulaly hoe emed myial. A expeed, alohol andopiae/opioid-ue did no oelae wih any anpeonal expeiene alhough,upiingly, no izale oelaion wee ound o pi expeiene and he ue oany one ype o dug, poily due o he high ae o ouene o pi expeieneamong oh dug ue and non-dug ue wih hi paiula ample.

s a aa ba a aa a a aa, a, aa (.., s & ha, 1992), a b a aab ba a aaa a. a lsd b Ab ha 1943a bq b -a ba,

a b aa aaa ba aa a (lk, 2006) a, b 1950, aa a j a esp ( a lk, aa). a, a

, a a a, a,aj a ba, , a, aa, ab , ,

a a a a a, a a aa,a a , a a .(g & Bakaa, 1998, . 9)


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306 The Journal o Parapsychology

t a a a a b a ba aa a a b a a a ( sa, 2003). t aaa, a f,

a b aa a b f aaa a a b aa a (esp,k), a, --b (oBe), a a-a (nde). sa aa a a aa b a a a b a , aa, a- , a a a-.

a a a a az

a, b 1970 a a aa a a ba , ab .cq, a a a b ba a b aaa a b a , a a j a -aab aaa .

c a a aaa , pa(1979) a a qa a a a , a a b a va.

t qa a bq aa b Aa ra a e (K, 1980) a ia (ua & paa, 1989a, 1989b). pa a ab -a a b a espa, a a k (rspK) a a, a aa , a a oBe, b a a. t a a b K a a, k a , a ia a

, a pa, a aa esp a oBe,a aa aa a j . , 18% ia a a 28-29% va a a a .

m , Ka, pkaa, a gaa (1994) a- a a aaa b, ab,a , a a a a aaa, b a Aa e i (Aei).A b bq

a a a b aka b - ba a Aei ba, aaa (r= .13 .29) a aaa b(r = .16 .25) (gaa, Ka, & pkaa, 1994; ha & wa,1998; pkaa, Ka, & maa, 1995a, 1995b; s & r, 2000;


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307A Survey o Paranormal Experiences With Psychoactive Drugs

tab, 2001). ta a a, a fa,a b a az a - Aei, z a - a a a a a. Aa, Aei - ba b a

, a, a a, a (lsd a ajaa). y, f, ab aaa a b a a a fa, , , a a a (gaa a., 1994).

A a a a a , ba a. t a a b w (1997) a a

a q ak q (AQ) aab a aa , a (dxm), a a a a . w a aaa dxm, a a , a a a a b , a a b a a-a b (p & lb, 2000). dxm oBe a ande, a a aa, a a a , , a aa

esp b pK.i a 1970 caa ajaa (a a

aab) , a a lsd, ta (1993) a aj aab, a (69-83%) (32%) baa pK (13%). t a f q ta . saa a b 50% ,a 44% a oBe, a a .e, a ka-

a , , aa a a (dgaa, 1995). i a a , oBe, a, a a, a a, a a , a a (Kj & na,2000-2001).

s a a oBe ak b a a , alsd a aab, 18-37% oBe

(Bak, 1982, 1984; Bak & ha, 1983). t fa b aa a Bak (1992) a a a b oBe a a (.., a, aqz, a, a a).


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A a a a a a aa a aa aaa , a a a a a . h,

aa, a, a a a a b a bj aaa ba b . a, oBe a aa (lk, aa) a a ab a a ka (da ha, 2004; Ja, 2001). i ka nde, Ja (1997) a a a a aa a nde. Aa, saa (2001) a

a n,n-a (dmt) aa nde. n, nde a 5--dmt (r-da, 2001; s & s,1997), a a a a dmt. t nde a a b ka, a dxm (w,1997). t a a aa aa -aa a- a aa. t a a a, a lsd, b

a dmt a a ba.t a a a b k a f-

a -a l(2004) a aaa- aa a a Psilocybe, Salvia divinorum, a , a a ( .., Ak, 2004; l, 2004; lk, 2005; va, 2001).sa, a a, a aa a b Solanaceaea, a -- a aaaa, a dmt--ak k ab a a.

Aaaa, k a a (dbk r, 1972), a a aa a-b a a a, aa, a oBe. , r-da(1991, 2001) a a a aaa aka a aaaa, a aa ( a a), ab esp-k . h, , r-da (2001) b a a b dmt a b a esp ( a a, lk, aa).

t a a b b af a a a a ba aa bj aaa . pa, k b - ba a ba a ab a k a f- a.


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Method

Participants and Recruitment

t 139 - qa . r a a , a a q a qa b b a a a a aaa a ak a ,a aa b b a. A q a a a ab a a aaa a b B ma Aa p s (mAps) (lk, 2004b). rq a a ak a a c

(lk, 2004) a a a a s para (lk, 2004a), b uK. , aa -a ( paa ra , p s, paa s, a pb), (pa uK), a a a -a (p-). A k qa a a a aaab paa Aa wb . o (48) a a f ,a a a , aa a

(45) q a a a b q aa (31) fab (15). r b J 2004 a ba 2005 b . t aa a 32 a, 62% a a 35% a (3% a).

Questionnaire

s a a q a b q 10 a a , a a 7- a ( A). p-a a, , a, a,a - b a aab, aa (..,ghB), a (ba-a a a 2cB,2ci, a mdmA, k a a-a a aaa b a ), a, a .A 18 (1 a aa a a a,

a 17) aaa, aa, a a- , a 7- a q a a q . t a a b a k , ba a (.., ta, 1993;


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w, 1997). ea aa aaa b a q a a a q , aa a 7- a. A fa -

q ak a a ak a ba baa .

Procedure

d a aa a a aa b a, qa a a aaab , , a, a a

a (h, 2003). t qa a a a a a ab a a aaa a a aaa mAps B (lk, 2004b), a a -aa a a aaab a. B qa, a a a a afa.

Results and Discussion

Data Treatment

t aa a qa a b a, aa a , a q af. n aa a. o 10 a ( A a), a a a a.

tab 1 a a a q. A a b a , b aab a b , aa b ab a a. r a , q a aab (pa r> .4) a a a

- a aab, , a-a a, a a ba a a. t a (r>.7) q b ab a a aab.


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Table 1

The Useof DrUgsof DifferenT Types among responDenTs

pa (N= 139)A a m a o

q

A 90.6 87.1 42.4caab 77.7 69.8 43.2p 56.8 49.6 28.8sa 51.1 40.3 12.2ea 43.9 36.7 16.5p 36.0 29.1 12.2da 35.3 24.5 7.9oa/ 31.7 16.5 5.8raa 27.3 20.9 7.2

tab 2 a a - a 17 aa . t a a a f - a a f aa a a a a a aab a j aa, a a a. n- a.e , a a a a a a - , aa oBe,

a, b a , a a- ., a a a zab - a , a a a - , ajaa aa q,a/ a . t a a b b, a, b a a , a aa . ca a a a a a

a a a a, a, b a a b a - a a a ( sk, 1997).

t a a a (N= 110) a a (47%) a a a 28-29% a 18% (pa,1979; ua & paa, 1989a, 1989b), a b a.i a b ta (1993) aaa a aab,

a a aab ( q, N = 60) a ta a(20%), (12%), k (12%), a aa (22%) . y, b oBe aab (62%) a a a ta (44%).


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Table 2

The percenTageof DrUgUsersanD non-DrUgUsers reporTing

Transpersonal experiences

r

d * (N = 85) n- (N = 54)

%

%

**

%

%

***

oBe(a) oBe1 -

aa a64.7 44.7 40.7 9.3

(b) oBe2 a a 52.9 43.5 27.8 3.7

esp() ta 67.1 50.6 46.3 1.9

() caa 61.2 36.5 55.6 1.9() p 48.2 21.2 51.9 1.9() ca

a 36.5 18.8 33.3 3.7

pK()i

41.2 22.4 25.9 1.9

caa() l

aa37.6 35.3 18.5 1.9

da() da, b,

a 50.6 31.8 29.6 1.9

e(j) e 38.8 31.8 14.8 1.9

(k)ma b 27.1 18.8 5.6 1.9

ma() pa/ba

45.9 42.4 7.4 0.0

() d b 40.0 28.2 18.5 0.0

() p

aak48.2 38.8 25.9 1.9

() s a aa 60.0 45.9 35.2 1.9

() ua 65.9 56.5 27.8 3.7

(q) d 48.2 42.4 14.8 3.7

A a

95.3 83.5 77.8 29.6

* d f a a a , a a , a , ajaa a j aa.

** d a .*** i a, , aa ajaa , a lsd .

h, ta a a 1970 acaa aab- , z


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a , a a . n,a ta , a, aa, a oBe aaa aab (tab 3).

ia f aa aa , b a a q aa a a q a aa . t ba a a b a a a q a . ca a a a aab, fbak a aaab , a b a a b. a

bf a a q a a a a a a b ab , q a .

tab 3 a aa a b a a . w a a aab, a a a a aa , a a a a a aa ( a

a a ) b a a (.., a a a ). h, a a a q , b a a a a aa (f ) b a, a aq aa . t a ak a ak a aa q b 4 a 5, b a a.

i aa a aj f aa afa a, a, a, a . i a a a ba aa , a a. A b a a j ba tab 3, a a 2ct7, 2cB, a 2ci ( s & s, 1991), aa a; aa, , , ba,

, a 5-meo-dpt, b a ; a fa aa, aa a a a a.

c a lsd a Psilocybe a ba , a


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a a a ba aab a b qa a b a , a ba . o a, a a

ba dmt a b a 5-meo-dmt q a , bab a ab ba.

c a a aa , a ba a ba a a. la saa(2001) ba, dmt a a a a oBe, a a , a k5-meo-dmt, dmt a a

a . t a dmt aa nde(saa, 2001) a aa b b a a a-k (, b, a a) a b a a 5-meo-dmt, a b (lk, 2005; r-da, 2001;s & s, 1997). h, a- a a az, a a f a nde a .

n, dmt, a 5-meo-dmt, a aaaa,

dmt , a a a aaaa a, a a aaaa a a/ba a fa , a b ba a a a, (.., ha, 2005).

r a a aa a aaaa, a . i, 3 a ba aa aa b -

a dmt, a f a r-da (2001) a a dmt esp a aaaa. , a esp aaaa a a a ( lk, aa), a qr-da (1991) a a aaa aka aaaa esp a . i, f a aaaa , a, a ak a, f a b a

ba a a ba.vaa b a b a a a a ( ), ( ), a,, a , a a a


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Tabl

e3(a)

ThesUm

ofresponDenTsreporTin

gexperiencesWiTh

DifferenTDrUgs

Psyched

elictryptamines

Dissociatives

lsd

Psilocybe

mh

dmt

5-m

eo-

dmt

Ayahaa

Kai

dxm

ni

oi

u

iy21

A

a21

t14

ca14

oB

e1

14

rig13

oB

e2

12

e

g11

d

ah9

cai8

pK

5

pg4

divi4

my

h4

e

iy3

pa

3

m

i2

*pa20

uiy17

rig14

*Aa13

eiy12

divi10

*cai10

tah9

oBe

18

oBe

27

myh7

pg7

dah7

egy7

mi5

pK5

ca5

oBe

214

eiy13

eg10

divi7

pa7

rig7

ca7

dah6

uiy6

mi3

oBe

13

myh2

cai2

tah1

pg1

egy4

dah3

ca2

oBe

22

oBe

11

mi1

eiy1

myh1

uiy1

rig1

pa5

eiy3

mi3

dah2

myh2

uiy2

oBe

22

oBe

11

egy1

divi1

rig1

oBe

29

oBe

16

dah4

ca4

uiy4

egy

4

cai2

pK2

rig2

divi

1

t2

cai1

pK1

oBe

11

uiy1

egy1

rig1

oBe

13

oBe

21

uiy1

*affqyf

4

(f)whN5


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Table

3(b)

ThesUmo

fresponDenTsreporTing

experiencesWiTh

DifferenTDrUgs

ohyhia

oh

g

c

aabi

Salvia

Divinorum

mai

cai

Amanita

Muscaria

mdmA

Ah

cai

pib

dg

*

t14

c

ai8

o

Be

18

*

mi6

*

pa6

e

gy6

*

uiy6

A

a6

d

ah4

d

ivi4

c

a4

r

ig3

p

g3

p

K3

e

iy2

m

yh2

o

Be

22

pa10

eiy3

ca2

oBe

12

oBe

22

uiy2

divi1

myh

1

rig1

dah1

tah1

*Aa6

*pa5

*uiy5

egy3

rig3

cai2

pK2

eiy2

divi2

caaiy2

oBe

12

oBe

22

t1

pg1

dah1

pa1

dah1

oBe

21

*Aa8

*t6

*uiy5

egy4

rig4

oBe

23

oBe

12

cai2

dah2

pK1

divi1

eiy1

ca1

mi2

t1

pK1

oBe

11

ca1

mi1

cai1

pK1

oBe

11

ca1

mi1

pg1

pK1

oBe

11

oBe

21

dah1

eiy1

*affqy

f4

(f

)whN5


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b b aa a (la, l, & mz, 1963).

ea aa ka, aoBe b k, b aa ,

a, a a b (.., da ha,2004). , a Ja (1997) ka nde, a-a q a a qa nde ba a . n, a- a q dmt ba, a aa , a lsd , a a b g (1990).

i a (.., Ak, 2004; l, 2004;lk 2005; va, 2001), a b

a a ba b a a ba: b-a , aaaa (a a), a-a a, a Amanita muscaria, b a Salvia divinorum.s a- a aab a,a a aaa oBe a a, a, a, ak ba a aa esp a, a a aa b aa b ta(1993) a b a. t a dxm a a a

aa esp a, b , ab f , a (p &lb, 2000; w, 1997). t a a a a lsd a aa mdmA, a a aazb aa a a a a b a (e, 1989; sa, 1993).Psilocybe a a a aa aa a k, aa aa b pK . h, b ba q

pK, b a ba a aa , b Psilocybe, a,a lsd, a .

A (.., s, 2000), ( a) a a a a- , aa , b aa aak a . s aa a a q aa q a b , aa

a a (a a b ta, 1972) a mdmA, b a lsd a a aab a Psilocybe. taaa a a dmt ba ba b , a aa 5-meo-dmt aaaa .


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r (N= 139)

d oBe esp pK caa da e ma

A .05(.548)

-.14(.104)

-.07(.427)

.09(.307)

.00(.963)

-.01(.869)

.06(.501)

p .02(.801)

-.03(.692)

-.05(.576)

.10(.231)

.19(.026)

.02(.821)

.09(.278)

sa .20(.016)

.11(.182)

.09(.317)

.24(.004)

.16(.066)

.19(.028)

.26(.002)

oa/ .07(.442)

.02(.786)

.09(.282)

.19(.028)

.07(.399)

.11(.195)

.19(.024)

caab .17(.048)

-.02(.812)

.05(.530)

.11(.187)

.035(.679)

.17(.051)

.30(.0003)*

raa .36(.0001)*

.20(.016)

.21(.011)

.25(.003)

.22(.098)

.33(.0001)*

.35(.0001)*

ea .25(.003)

-.10(.226)

.13(.125)

.22(.009)

.11(.194)

.12(.175)

.26(.002)

da .26(.002)

.05(.524)

.19(.023)

.20(.018)

.24(.004)

.23(.006)

.29(.0006)*

p .30(.0004)*

.03(.689)

.20(.017)

.23(.008)

.19(.026)

.20(.020)

.44(.0001)*

p< .05; p< .01; *p< .0008 a bab f ( a) a -a

tab 4 pa a q a q . a aa aa , 17 aa aaaa a oBe (a, b), esp (, , , ), pK (), -caa (), da (), e (j, k), a ma (, , , , , q) (A a-q). t j a, -a q a a . B a, esp a a a , aa, a, a a a a b pK, a a b - . e a a b a b ma , a a aab aa e . o , a , a aa q aba b a a a aa .

i a, 61 a aa, aa a a p< .0008 (f b *) k .05 a t 1

Table 4

correlaTions beTWeenThe freqUencyof DrUgUseanDThe freqUencyof

experiencesbyType


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a. A , a, , a, a a/ fa a a aa ,a, , a ( a,mdmA). ca a, fa a

esp pK, a a fa a b pK a q a,, a aa, a a a a aa esp. A aa a esp- a q aa a a fa a a,r(137) = .26,p= .002 a aa , r(137) = .25,p= .003. h, f a b a a,a ak a a b aa f,

a aa, a a a b a, a b aaa. m k, a aa - a a a f a aa ba 27.3%( tab 1) a a aa ba. aa a a a a aa a aa b aa a a a e- ,r(36) = .33,p< .05, a b a a.

t ak a b a - q a f a a b a, aa, , a pK (tab 2), a a a b b aba, a aab (tab 3). pa k b a a a , a , , a, a a aa a aaaa , a a q , b

a aa. i,- f tab 2 - a (sk, 1997). i a a, a a k b a a a aab a, a a-.

A a , oBe a fa aa a, a-fa a a a, aa aab a a, Bak (1992)

a ab fa a oBe. aa a a a t 2 oBe, a . , a ,ma a fa ,aa, aab, a a a a-fa


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a, a, , a . o , a a a-fa a b da, -caa, a e- q aa,a, a . o aa , a a-fa (p


17/24


a a a a a aaa aa a a .ta a -a ba b a

a a a ba. , a aa a aa , a ba a q q , a a a dmt. s ba, a aab, Psilocybe, dxm,a, a lsd a a esp, a ba, a , ka, 5-meo-dmt a aab a --b aa-a .

n, a a a a ba a aa b afa ba a a ba a a a a a bab a, a , , , a a a aa, a a a . s aaa a a b ab a a , a b f. a a f

a f aa a a aa aaa .

w a bj aaa a k a a a ba ba a a a, a , a a a (lk, aa). wa b f , , a aa a aa a a aa a a a aab a . t

a aab a a - a a a, a b aa, a,a a a a. ra a b a aa ab a , aa a a b ab a a .

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White, W. E. (1997). A a a aaa . i w. e.w, The dextromethorphan FAQ: Answers to requently asked questionsabout DXM( 4). r A 2, 2002, ://../a//aq/_aaa..

Centre or the Study o Anomalous Psychological ProcessesThe University o NorthamptonNorthampton, NN2 7AL, [email protected]

The Koestler Parapsychology UnitUniversity o EdinburghEdinburgh, UK

Author note

t a a b , b a da lk, c s Aa pa p, u na. ta k ak n Ba (...k) ak qa aaab i, a a a bak a a a a.


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Appendix

Paranormal Experience and Drug Use Questionnaire

1. pa a q a a a :[: Never, Once, Occasionally, Oten, Regularly, Extensively, Excessively]

Apa sa (.. a, aa)oa/o (.. , , a)caab (.. ajaa, a, a, kk)

raa (.. kaa kaa, ghB, gBl)ea (.. a, 2-cB, 2-ci)da (.. ka, pcp, dxm, )p (.. lsd, a , a, dmt)o, k a (a )

2. pa a b aa. i a a a a ba a a list ba a

a q ba.[t : ta q (7- a), u ( a), q (7- a)]

w a, a a a aa i a a

(a) b a a b a(b) b a a b a() k a b a k a ba() ba k a a b a () a b k () a a a

() ba bj aa () aa() , b, a a (j) a -aa


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(k) a a b() a b a a ba() a a b() a aak, a a a a

() a , aaa() a a(q)

3. ha , ak a ba a a a ab ? i a aba ( a)


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Documents

A preliminary survey of paranormal experiences with psychoactive drugs - Luke & Kittenis 2005