NURS 1103 or HLSC 2613

A Presentation by Lori AgidMedical

TerminologyHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityRetinohypothalamicgastroparesishyperhidrosisSubdural hematomaepiphyseal junctionInfrapatellar tendonesophageal dysmotilityGlioblastoma multiformeunfolding the language of medicine

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityGREEK OR LATIN BASED

Approximately 75% of medical terms are based on either Greek or Latin

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityMedical terminology is composed a series of 3 main components:

PREFIXWORD ROOTSUFFIXThe word root is the noun (the body part) or the subject of the sentence. The word root never changes unless the word changes.

The prefix attaches to the front of the word root. Depending on the prefix used, the meaning of the word root will change.

The suffix attaches to the end of the word root and like the prefix, the definition of the word root depends on the suffix, as well.

Let us take a look at some examples:Health Sciences Department, Rogers State Universityepigastritisabovestomachinflammationdigastrictwostomachpertaining tosubgastrectomybelowstomachexcision ofIn this example, the word root stays the same, but the prefix and suffix differences change its meaning.Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityCombining Vowel CV Along with the word root, prefix and suffix, there is a combining vowel, most often an o - occasionally an i

It connects between the word root and suffix in order to make the word flow, when ordinarily there would be two connecting consonants; gastr (stomach) tomy (incision into)

It would be difficult to combine gastrtomy so we put an o in between to form the word: gastrotomy

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

Who can remember walking down the pharmacy aisle holding hands with mom or dad looking up at the sign above that said analgesics? Why didnt the sign say pain reliever? What did analgesic mean? eyecarebabycareanalgesicsbatterieseardropsdomesticsThe breakdown of the word an alges ic is as follows:

prefix root word suffix an alges(ia)ic (without) (pain) (pertaining to) Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityWhen people begin to learn medical terminology they tend to get overwhelned with fear that there is too much to learn and memorize. It is merely memorization and repetition. The more we see the words used, the more we remember them. The only reason we know words like analgesic, hepatitis, tonsillitis, vasectomy, and mammogram - is because of lifelong media exposure. Most do not know the word root, prefix, and suffix breakdown of these words.repetitionrepetitionrepetitionrepetitionrepetitionREPETITIONREPETITIONREPETITIONREPETITIONHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityIn grade school, we learned this as the subject (noun) of the sentence. As regards to medicine, the word root will refer to the body part. WORD ROOT

Cephal/o - headCrani/o - skullCervic/o - neck

Thorac/o - thoraxLumb/o lumbar spineHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityENGLISHGREEK ORIGINWORD ROOTHeartKardiaCardiBoneOsteonOste KidneyNephrosNephr StomachGasterGastrLiverHeparHepat

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University THE SUFFIX

The suffix is always the word ending. It attaches at the end of the word root, usually with an o (noted previously combining vowel or CV).

The suffix usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech. It gives more information about the noun.

Medical terms always have a suffix, but do not require a prefix.

Lets start with a common suffix that you know; itis.Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityAdding itis to our original list of word roots:cardi + itis = carditisinflammation of the heartoste + itis = osteitisinflammation of the bonenephr + itis = nephritisinflammation of the kidneygastr + itis = gastritisinflammation of the stomachhepat + itis = hepatitisinflammation of the liverHere is your test how many words can you think of that end in itis? I have 9 boxes!!! Put your thinking caps on!!adoblvctpHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversitySuffix Examplesarthr/o /centesisarthrocentesisjoint puncture surgical puncture joint thorac/o/tomy thoracotomychest incision incision into the chestgastr/o/megaly gastromegalystomach enlargement enlargement of the stomachcardi/accardiacHeart pertaining to pertaining to the heartHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityVARIOUS SUFFIXES AND MEANINGS -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, ical, -ile, -ory, -ous, -ic; pertaining to -a, -e, -ya noun ending-adtoward; increase-algesiasensitivity to pain-algia, -dyniapain-aseenzyme-atesomething that-blastembryonic stage of development (immature)-celeswelling; herniation-centesissurgical puncture to withdraw fluid--cideto kill; to destroy-clasiscrushing or breaking up-cytecell-desisbinding or surgical fusion-ectasiastretching or dilatation-ectomysurgical excision (removal)-emesisto vomit-emiablood condition-erone who-esis, -ia, -ismcondition of-genthat which generates-genesisgenerating; formation-genicpertaining to formation; producing-gramrecord or picture-graphinstrument used to record-graphyprocess of recording-gravidapregnancy-ian, -icianspecialist in a field of study-iasis, -osisabnormal condition of-iatric(s)relating to medicine; physicians; or medical treatment Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityTHE PREFIXWord element located at the beginning of the word root

Changes the meaning of the word

Usually indicates a number, time, position, direction, color, or sense of negationHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityPrefix examplesA- mast -ia without breast conditionBi- later -altwo side pertaining tohyper- therm -ia excessive heat conditionintra- muscul -ar within muscle pertaining toHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityVARIOUS PREFIXES AND MEANINGSbi-twointra-withindipl-doubleinfra-belowhemi-halfoligo-too fewhyper-excessdextro-rightmacro-largelevo-leftmicro-smallbrady-slowmono-onetachy-fastmulti-manymal-badeu-goodbrachy-shortHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityTwo Word Roots Some medical terms have more than one word root:

Osteochondritis

Oste / o / chondr / itis Bone / cv /cartilage / inflammation

Cardiomyopathy

Cardi/o/my/o/pathyHeart/cv/muscle/o/disease

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityWe could not end this quick terminology lesson without having a bit of fun; so beware of the following medical terminology mispronunciations..

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityMedical Terminology MispronunciationsArtery - The study of fine paintings.Bacteria Back door of a cafeteria.Barium - What you do when CPR fails.Benign - What you are after you be eight.Coma - A punctuation mark.Morbid - A higher offer. Urine - Opposite of youre out.Tablet - A small table.GI Series Soldiers ball game.

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University20#ORGAN SYSTEMSThe body is divided into 10 or so main organ systems.

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityOrgan Systems

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University BODY PLANES

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityBody PlanesIn medicine the body has designated imaginary horizontal and vertical lines.

It is easier to describe the location of the problem or the affected area.

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University24#Midline (Midsagittal) Plane

IMAGINE THE BODY LIKE A HARD COVER BOOK THE MIDDLE WOULD BE THE MIDLINE OR MIDSAGITTAL LINE. ANY LINE TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT OF THE MIDDLE IS STILL CONSIDERED SAGITTAL, BUT NOT MIDSAGITTAL

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University25#

ANATOM ICALIGNMENTHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityCoronal Plane

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University27#Transverse Plane

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University28#In terms of opposites:ANTERIOR: front of bodyPOSTERIOR: back of bodyVENTRAL: frontward (toward belly)like anteriorDORSAL: backward like posteriorMEDIAL: toward midline of bodyLATERAL: toward side of bodySUPERIOR: upward/above (toward the head) INFERIOR: toward the tail or feet (below)

Frontal (coronal) planeTransverse planeAnterior (ventral)Posterior (dorsal)Superior (cranial)Inferior (caudal)Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

Opposites (contd):

CRANIAL: toward the headCAUDAL: to the tailDISTAL: farthest from the point of origin of a body part (example: the fingers would be distal when looking at an x-ray of an arm)PROXIMAL: nearest to the point of origin of a body part (example: the shoulder would be proximal when looking at an x-ray of the armFrontal (coronal) planeTransverse planeAnterior (ventral)Posterior (dorsal)Superior (cranial)Inferior (caudal)Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityABDUCTION AWAY FROM BODY TRUNK

ADDUCTION TOWARD BODY TRUNKHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State University

Deep = Pertaining to away from the surface of the body

Superficial = Pertaining to the surface of the body

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityProne and Supine

Dorsiflexion

Plantar Flexion

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University Plantar Flexion

DorsiflexionHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State UniversityTHE FINAL POSITION. THE ENDHealth Sciences Department, Rogers State University