A proposed study of neutrino- induced strange-particle production reactions at the MINER A Experiment (E-938 Fermilab) Dr. Nickolas Solomey Illinois Inst

A proposed study of neutrino-induced strange-particle production reactions

at the MINERA Experiment (E-938 Fermilab)

Dr. Nickolas SolomeyIllinois Inst. of Technology

29 June 2004

29 June 2004 Dr. Nickolas Solomey BEACH 2004 - IIT

Founding Institutes:D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M. Zois

University of Athens, Athens, Greece

D. CasperUniversity of California, Irvine, California

E. PaschosUniversity of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

D. A. Harris, M. Kostin, J.G. Morfin, P. ShanahanFermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois

M.E. Christy, W. Hinton, C.E .KeppelHampton University, Hampton, Virginia

R. Burnstein, A. Chakravorty, O. Kamaev, N. SolomeyIllinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

I. Niculescu. G. .NiculescuJames Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia

M.A.C. Cummings, V. RykalinNorthern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois

W.K. Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell,,W. Melnitchouk, S. Wood

Jefferson Lab, Newport News, Virginia

S. Boyd, D. Naples, V. PaoloneUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

A. Bodek, H. Budd, J. Chvojka, P. de Babaro, S. Manly, K. McFarland, I.C. Park, W. Sakumoto, R. TengUniversity of Rochester, Rochester, New York

R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki,K. McCormick, R. Ransome

Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey

H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. OliverTufts University, Medford, Massachusetts

Red = HEP, Blue = NP, Green = Theorist


Outline• To use a uniquely intense and well-understood beam• And a fine-grained, fully-active neutrino detector• To collect a large sample of and scattering events• To perform a wide variety of physics studies• of special interest to some is the production of strange particles

by neutrinos

• Survey of Physics Topics• Description and Performance of the Detector• Detailed plans for the strange particle study


To use a uniquely intense andwell-understood beam. The NuMI Beam.

• By changing the position of the easily-movable target with respect to the horns, the energy of the neutrino beam can be quickly changed.

• For MINOS, the majority of the running will be in the “low-energy” (LE) configuration. There will be shorter runs in the ME and HE.configuration as well.


Location in NuMI Near Hall

• MINERA plans to be located upstream of MINOS, as close as possible, to use MINOS as the muon ranger.


• LE-configuration: Events- (E>0.35 GeV) Epeak = 3.0 GeV, <E> = 10.2 GeV, rate = 80 K events/ton - 1020 pot

• ME-configuration: Events- Epeak = 6.0 GeV, <E> = 8.0 GeV, rate = 160 K events/ton - 1020 pot

• HE-configuration: Events- Epeak = 9.0 GeV, <E> = 12.0 GeV, rate = 260 K events/ton - 1020 pot

To collect a large sample ofand scattering events…

Units of 1020 Year total POT LE ME HE LEB MEB HEB

2006 3.0 3.02009 4.0 3.0 0.7 0.32010 4.0 2.5 1.0 0.52011 4.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 TOTAL 15.0 7.0 1.2 0.8 3.0 1.5 1.5

Event Rates per ton

Process CC NC

Quasi-elastic 103 K 42 KResonance 196 K 70 KTransition 210 K 65 KDIS 420 K 125 KCoherent 8.4 K 4.2 K

TOTAL 940 K 288 K

Typical Fiducial Volume = 3 tons CH, 1 ton Fe and 1 ton Pb


To perform a wide variety of physics studies

• Quasi-elastic ( + n --> + p, 300 K events off 3 tons CH) - A. Bodek and H. Budd– Precision measurement of E) and d/dQ important for neutrino oscillation

studies.– Precision determination of axial vector form factor (FA), particularly at high Q2 – Study of proton intra-nuclear scattering and their A-dependence (C, Fe and Pb

targets)

• Resonance Production (e.g. + N ---> /600 K total, 450K 1) - S. Wood – Precision measurement of and d/dQfor individual channels– Detailed comparison with dynamic models, comparison of electro- & photo

production, the resonance-DIS transition region -- duality– Study of nuclear effects and their A-dependence e.g. 1 2 3 final

states• Coherent Production ( + A --> /25 K CC / 12.5 K NC- H.

Gallagher – Precision measurement of for NC and CC channels– Comparison with theoretical models


To perform a wide variety of physics studies - continued

• Nuclear Effects (C, Fe and Pb targets)- A. Bruell and J. G. M.

– Final-state intra-nuclear interactions. Measure multiplicities & Evis off C, Fe, Pb.

– Measure NC/CC as a function of EH off C, Fe and Pb.

– Measure shadowing, anti-shadowing and EMC-effect as well as flavor-dependent nuclear effects and extract nuclear parton distributions.

• MINERA and Oscillation Physics - H. Gallagher and D. A. Harris

– MINERA measurements enable precision in measure of m, sin223 in MINOS– MINERA measurements important for 13 in MINOS and off-axis experiments– MINERA measurements as foundation for measurement of possible CP and CPT

violations in the sector

• T and Structure Functions (2.8 M total /1.2 M DIS events) - C.Keppel and J.Morfin – Precision measurement of low-energy total and partial cross-sections– Understand resonance-DIS transition region - duality studies with neutrinos– Detailed study of high-xBj region: extract pdf’s and leading exponentials over 1.2M DIS

events


To perform a wide variety of physics studies - continued

• Strange and Charm Particle Production (> 100K fully reconstructed exclusive events) N. Solomey and T. Mann

– Exclusive channel E) precision measurements - is of interest to cosmology– Look for Forbidden FCNC processes.– A large sample can be used to measure CKM matrix elements.– Statistics sufficient to reignite theorists attempt for a predictive phenomenology– Exclusive charm production channels at charm threshold to constrain mc

• Generalized Parton Distributions (few K events) - W. Melnitchouk and R. Ransome– Provide unique combinations of GPDs, not accessible in electron scattering (e.g.

C-odd, or valence-only GPDs), to map out a precise 3-dimensional image of the nucleon. MINERA would expect a few K signature events in 4 years.

– Provide better constraints on nucleon (nuclear) GPDs, leading to a more definitive determination of the orbital angular momentum carried by quarks and gluons in the nucleon (nucleus)

– provide constraints on axial form factors, including transition nucleon --> N* form factors


Strange and Charm Particle Production

Existing Strange Particle ProductionGargamelle-PS - 15 events. FNAL - ≈ 100 events ZGS - 7 events BNL - 8 events Larger NOMAD inclusive sample expected

MINERA Exclusive States100x earlier samples

3 tons and 4 yearsS = 0

- K+ - K+ - + K0 - K+ p- K+ p

S = 1- K+ p - K0 p - + K0n

S = 0 - Neutral CurrentK+ K0 K0

• Theory: Initial attempts at a predictive phenomenology stalled in the 70’s due to lack of constraining data.

• MINERvA will focus on exclusive channel strange particle production - fully reconstructed events (small fraction of total events) but still.

• Important for background calculations of nucleon decay experiments

• With extended running could study single hyperon production to greatly extend form factor analyses

• New measurements of charm production near threshold which will improve the determination of the charm-quark effective mass.


Strange and Charm Particle Production

• Looking for interactions with only 1 strange particles produced without a charged lepton would be Strangeness Changing Neutral Current.

• Anti-neutrino running with a large sample of beta decay interactions would let us measure Vus outside of a Hyperon or K meson decay potential.

• Looking for 4-body beta decay type interactions and the forbidden mode will allow us to get at understanding if the neutrino is Dirac or Majorana in nature.

p + p + + K0

p + + + + 0

p + + + 0

p + + + + 0

p + + + + +

p + - + + -


Goals of MINERA Require…

• Identification and separation of exclusive final states– Quasi-elastic n–p, ene–p

– Single 0, ± final states– Muon and electron energy measurement

• Must observe recoil protons– Important for n–p, n–p0, etc.

0 , – reconstruction. Hadronic energy– Adds a lot of mass. B-field for charge

• Nuclear targets (high A, Fe of interest for MINOS)


Detector Overview

• Active target, surrounded by calorimeters– upstream calorimeters are Pb, Fe targets

• Magnetized side and downstream tracker/calorimeter


Fully-Active Target:Extruded Scintillator

Basic element: 1.7x3.3cm triangular Basic element: 1.7x3.3cm triangular strips.strips.

1.2mm WLS fiber readout in grove at 1.2mm WLS fiber readout in grove at bottombottom

AssembleAssembleinto planesinto planes

Absorbers Absorbers between planesbetween planes

e.g., E- or H-e.g., E- or H-CAL,CAL,

nuclear targetsnuclear targets

Or replace stripsOr replace stripswith absorberwith absorber

(outer detector)(outer detector)

X-ViewX-View

U/V-ViewU/V-View


Active Target Module

• More on construction, calorimeters later

• Planes of strips are hexagonal– rotate 60º to get U,V views– X+U+X+V make a module

Inner, fully-activestrip detector

Outer Detectormagnetized sampling

calorimeter


Light Yield

• Critical question:does light yield allow forlow quantum efficiencyphotosensor?

• Study: use MINOS lightMC, normalized to MINOSresults, MINERA strips

• Sufficient light, even forsingle-ended fiber readout,with MAPMT QuantumEfficiencies…

Fully Active Detector Strips

4m Muon Ranger/Veto Strips

Average PE/MIP vs Distance from Edge

10 PE 10 PE

10 PE


Tracking in Active Target

• technique pioneered by D0 upgradepre-shower detector

• Coordinate resolution from triangular geometry is excellent ~2-3 mm in

transverse direction from light sharing

3.3cm


Proton Reconstruction

• Reminder: proton tracks from quasi-elastic events are typically short. Want sensitivity to pp~500 MeV

575 MeV/c momentum170 MeV kinetic energy

reconstructedtrack


Performance:Vertex Reconstruction

• Excellent tracking resolution(results from full GEANT MC, Kalman filter track fitter)

Two-track vertex resolution Resolution vs. multiplicity


Performance: DIS Kinematics Reconstruction

• inclusive reconstruction shown

• W resolution to separate resonance from DIS independent of exclusive reconstruction

• Q2 resolution for form factor measurements

• x resolution for valence/sea

• y resolution for quark/antiquark


Performance:Particle Identification

p

Chi2 differences between right and best wrong hypothesis

• Particle ID bydE/dx in strips

• Many dE/dx samples for good discrimination


Calorimeters

• Three types of calorimeters in MINERA– ECAL: between each sampling plane,

1/16” Pb laminated with 10mil stainless (X0/3)

– HCAL: between each sampling plane, 1” steel (0/6)

– OD: 4” and 2” steel between radial sampling layers

• ECAL and HCAL absorbers are plates, rings

HCALDS

ECALSideECAL


Performance:0 Energy and Angle Reconstruction

0’s cleanly identified 0 energy resolution 0 angular resolution better

than smearing from physics

( ) 5.5%

( )

RMS E

E E GeV

Coherent, resonance events with

0


Detector Performance with Strange Particle

• Good granularity to see separated vertex from production point

• Particle ID, electromagnetic and hadronic Calorimeter

• Momentum measurement and invariant mass reconstruction


Modular Design

• a necessary part of installation in NuMI near hall is that detector should be constructed in thin modules– each module consists of four planes of active

inner detector, absorbers and outer detector

• flexibility in design– MINERA can run

stand-alone– or can use MINOS as

long muon catcher


Summary

• The opportunity: NuMI– NuMI is at the intensity frontier of neutrino physics

for the latter half of the decade and beyond– Spacious near detector hall is terra firma for

parasitic near detector experiments• happy to run with beam driven by MINOS

– Opens a new field: “JLab of neutrinos”• Rich physics program in its own right

and support for oscillation program

Documents

A proposed study of neutrino- induced strange-particle production reactions at the MINER A Experiment (E-938 Fermilab) Dr. Nickolas Solomey Illinois Inst