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Meeting people

Saying Hello & Goodbye

marhabanHello; welcome'as-salmu alaykumPeace upon youwalaykumu s-salmPeace upon you, tookayf hluk?How are you?shukran. al-hamdu li-lh. wa ant?

Thank you. Fine, by God's mercy. And you?'an bi-khayrI'm finemaca salmaGo without fearil l-liq'So long; Until the next timem-smuk?What's your name?'ism salmMy name is Salim

'ismuhu rashdHis name is Rashid'ismuhwardaHer name is Warda'an s'ihI'm a tourist (as uttered by a man)'an s'ihaI'm a tourist (as uttered by a woman)'acmal hunI'm working here'an tlib

I'm a student (as uttered by a man)'an tlibaI'm a student (as uttered by a woman)

In the Hotel

ayna l-funduq salm?Where is the Hotel Salam?

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hal ladayka ghurfa?Have you got vacant rooms?min aiyyati l-darja hdh l-funduq?Of which class is the hotel?hal 'al-ghurfa maca l-hammm?

Is there a bathroom coming with the room?hal 'al-ghurfa maca l-htif?Is there a telephone in the room?hal tilfizyn f l-funduq?Is there a TV-set in the hotel?kam sacri l-laylaWhat's the price for one night?uktub min fadlikPlease writel 'afhamI don't understand

'afhamI understandhl

Expensive!sa'askun hun li muddati th-thalthati l-layltI'm going to stay here for three nights'awwaln, urd manzaru l-ghurfa, min fadlikFirst, I want to see the room, pleaseshukran. al-ghurfa mumtzThank you. The room is very nice

I

n the restaurantmas'a l-khayrGood eveninghal tatakallumu l-inkliziyya?Do you speak English?hal tatakallumu l-faransiyya?Do you speak French? ndil

Waiter!q'imatu t-tacm, min fadlik

Could I/we see the menu, pleasel ta'kulu l-lahm wa-l l-baydaShe doesn't eat meat, nor eggsl ya'kulu l-lahm wa-l l-baydaHe doesn't eat meat, nor eggsl a'kulu l-lahm wa-l l-baydaI don't eat meat, nor eggslahmu l-khurf l, min fadlik. wa salata

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amb for me, thank you. And salad

'al-kuskus l, min fadlik. wa kk klCouscous for me, thank you. And a Coca Colalahmu l-jamal, min fadlik. wa qannatu l-m'

Camel meat, thank you. And a bottle of waterlahmu d-dijj mashwiyy wa-rzwa salata mashwiyya lGrilled chicken with rice, and fried salad for meis krm, qahwa, wa l-fawkih l kull, min fadlikIce cream, coffee, and fruits for all, thank you'al-ftra, min fadlikThe bill, pleasehal mumkin dafcu maca bitqati l-icraIs it possible to pay with credit card?

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Personal pronouns

Meaning Transliteration

I - 'an

you (singular, masculin) - 'anta

you (singular, feminin) - 'anti

he, it - huwa

she, it - hiya

they (plural, masculin) - hum

they (plural, feminin) - hunna

we - naHnu

The definite articleOne of the things many should have noticed before embarking on learning the Arabic language,is the frequent use of prefixes like "Al" or "El". "Al" and "El" are the same two letters "a" and "l"put together, which indicate the definite article for a noun. But what is considered definite andwhat is not, is often different from many Western languages. Briefly one could make this as arule: If it is not particularly important to stress the indefinite form, the definite article should beused. But this is only a valid rule at your present stage in learning Arabic

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When a noun is indefinite, no prefixes or suffixes are added, you simply use the core form of thenoun.

Just to complicate things a bit here: In Arabic there are a group of "sun letters", letters which

standing first in a noun, eat the "l" of the definite article. These are the following letters:t, th, d, dh, r, z, s, sh, S, D, T, Z, n.

The result is that you never write it in English transcription nor pronounce the l: "al-t.....", "al-th....", "al-d....", "al-dh....", "al-r....", "al-z....", "al-s....", "al-sh...." and so on.

What you do write and pronounceis : "at-t....", "ath-th....", "ad-d....", "adh-dh....", "ar-r....", "az-z....", "as-s....", "ash-sha....." and so on. However, when you write it in Arabic, the letter "l" iswritten, but that is for later lessons.

For the remainder of the letters, you leave the "l" of the definite article intact.

Masculin and Feminine nouns

Arabic nouns are either masculine or feminine. Usually when referring to a male, a masculinenoun is usually used and when referring to a female, a feminine noun is used. In most cases thefeminine noun is formed by adding a special character, the ta marbuta , to the end of themasculine noun.

Meaning Feminine Singular Masculine Singular

teacher

professor/teacher

student

friend

colleague

muslim

thinker

translator

beginner

expert

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envoy, reporter

(someone sent on a mission)

writer, author

Sometimes the noun used to refer to a male and the noun used for a female are completelydifferent.

woman man

It's not just nouns referring to people that have gender. Inanimate objects (doors, houses, cars,etc.) is either masculine or feminine. Whether an inanimate noun is masculine or feminine ismostly arbitrary. A lot of inanimate nouns ends in ta marbuta. When this is the case you know itis feminine.

table city

Unfortunately, not all feminine nouns end in ta marbuta. Whenever you learn a new word, andthat word is a noun, it's best if you learn it's gender too. Here are some masculine nouns..

book nose

and here are some feminine nouns..

wind desert

Adjectives in Arabic

Unlike English Arabic adjectives follow the noun they modify, which is somehow easier,because when you start with the noun first you will easily modify the adjective that comesafterwards accordingly either to its masculine, feminine, dual or plural form.A small house: baitun sagheer (literally house small).

Just like Spanish & German, Arabic has masculine and feminine adjective forms, we learned in a

previous lesson how to form the feminine from masculine in nouns, same steps will be taken toform feminine adjectives too.

Lets go over the rule of forming feminine from masculine form, which includes feminineadjectives with some:

In Arabic to form a feminine adjective from the masculine, you simply add "taa marbuta" whichlooks like ( ,) to the end of the adjective for example:

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Arabic AdjectivesBig: Kabeer (masculine), Big: kabeera (feminine)

Small: Sagheer (masculine), Small: sagheera (feminine)

Beautiful: Jameel (masculine), Beautiful: jameela (feminine)Note that adding the "taa" marbuta , is not always the case to form the feminine of amasculine adjective. There are some exceptions to this:Colors and most adjectives starting with "a" " " for example take in most cases a different form,the steps to model our feminine irregular adjective is: extract the consonants from the masculineadjective and place them respectively in the place of the question marks, here are someexamples:

Blue, azraq (masculine), zrq (raw consonants), zarqaa

Dumb, abkam (masculine), bkm (raw consonantel, bakmaa

Dual Adjectives in Arabic

To form a dual masculine adjective in Arabic we simply add "aan" " " to the end of theadjective, note that you can do that even with adjectives starting with "a" " ",

Big, kabeer (masculine singular), Big, kabeeraan (masculine dual)Blue, azraq (masculine singular), Blue, azraqaan (masculine dual)

To form a dual feminine adjective add "ataan" " " to the masculine adjective:Big, kabeer (masculine singular), Big, kabeerataan (feminine dual)

Plural Adjectives in Arabic

The way to form a plural adjective is the same way you form a plural noun. Just remember thatthe adjective follows the noun, and not the opposite like in English.

Good: jayyed Bad: sayye

Vowels in ArabicThere are 3 vowels to Arabic. These are not written as letters, but are indicated above or underthe letter preceding it.

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Does this look a bit confusing? Well yes, that is also one of the reasons why it is seldom includedin Arabic writing. But at this stage you could do well with writing down the vowels, in order toremember the correct pronounciation of the words.

When these vowels are used, as well as some of the other indicators from above, it is with care,and only important vowels and indicators are used, in an acheivement to avoidmisunderstandings.

The pure pronounciations coming from these vowels are short, sometimes hardly pronounced atall.

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Word Meaning'akala(v) To eat

baydaEgg

darajaClass, standard

dijjChicken

kiha;fawkihFruit

aransiyyaFrench language

traBill

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unduqHotel

ghurfaRoom

hal maca-kumDo you have...

halfhi; halfhDoes it have. Masculine andfeminine.

htifTelephone

'il l-liq'So long; Until the next time

inklziyyaEnglish

amalCamel

kataba(v) To write

kayfaHow

khayr

GoodkhurfLamb

laday-kaWith you

lahmMeat

layla; layltNight

m'Water

maca s-salmaGoodbye, Go in peace

manzarSeeing. Verbal noun, may beused in place of a verb.

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marhabanHello; Welcome

mas'Evening

mas' al-khayrGood evening

m-smukWhat is your name?

matrAirport

min fadlikPlease

mumkin

PossiblendilWaiter

nasrVictory

q'imatut-tacamMenu

q'imaIndex; register

qannaBottle

rzRice

sabhMorning

sabhu l-khayrGood morning

s'ihTourist

sakana(v) To live

'as-salmu calay-kumPeace be upon you

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calay-kumu s-salmPeace be upon you. Responseto the greeting above.

salataSalad

shukranThank you

tlibStudent

wa-lNor, and not

zra(v) To travel