A Report in Acute Biologic Crisis

8/3/2019 A Report in Acute Biologic Crisis

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Definition

shaking of the ground

caused by the sudden breaking and

shifting of large sections of Earth's rocky

outer shell.

Source: http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earthquake_worldbook.html
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earthquake_worldbook.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earthquake_worldbook.html


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Types of Earthquake and its Causes

Tectonic Earthquake

Volcanic Earthquake

Volcano-tectonic Earthquake Long Period Earthquake

Explosion Earthquake


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Tectonic Earthquake

Caused by movement in the earths

Tectonic Plates


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Volcanic Earthquake

Related to volcanic activity

2 categories: Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake

Long Period Earthquake


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Volcano-Tectonic Earthquake

Produced by stress changes in solid

rock due to the injection or withdrawal ofmagma


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Long Period Earthquake

Produced by the injection of magma into

surrounding rock


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Explosion Earthquake

Caused by a pressure wave from an

underground explosion


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Measuring Earthquakes

Magnitude

Intensity

Instruments

Seismograph

Richter Scale

Mercalli Intensity Scale


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Seismograph


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Richter Scale


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Mercalli Intensity Scale


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Signs of Earthquake Occurrence

Scientific

Thermal Precursor

Water Precursor

Seismo-Electromagnetic Precursor

Non-Scientific

Animal Precursor

Human Precursor


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Effects of Earthquake

Shaking and ground rupture

Landslides and Avalanches

Fire

Soil Liquefaction

Tsunami

Flood


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Interventions

Before an Earthquake

During an Earthquake

Triangle of Life

After an Earthquake


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Triangle of Life


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Effects of Earthquakes:


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Definition

Pronunciation: \(t)su- n-m\

A very large ocean wave that is causedby an underwater earthquake or

volcanic eruption


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Types of Tsunami

Tidal Wave

Tidal Bore

Internal Waves/ Underwater Waves

Storm Waves/ Sea Surges

Seiche


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Tidal Wave


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Tidal Bore


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Internal Waves/ Underwater Waves


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Storm Waves/ Sea Surges


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Seiche

*Hypolimnion

The layer of water in a thermally stratified lake that lies below the

thermocline, is noncirculating, and remains perpetually cold.


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Prediction of a Tsunami

Visual Cues

Satellite Data


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Measuring a Tsunami

Intensitylevel

Height

inmeters

DescriptionFrequency in the

Pacific region

1 2Moderate with flooding ogently sloping coasts, slightdamage.

f1 per 8 months

2 4Large with flooding of shore,some light damage tostructures.

1 every year

3 8Very large with general

flooding and heavy damageto shoreline structures.

1 every 3 years

4 16

Disastrous with almost

complete destruction of structures.

1 every 10 years


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Interventions

Before a Tsunami

After a Tsunami

*what to do in a Tsunami?
http://watch.htm/http://watch.htm/


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Effects of Earthquake:


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Definition

Downward and outward movement of

slope-forming materials including rock,soil, artificial fill, or a combination


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Fall


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Topple


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Flow

5 Categories of Flow:

Debris Flow Debris Avalanche

Earth Flow

Mud Flow

Creep


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Debris Flow


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Debris Avalanche


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Earth Flow


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Mud Flow


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Creep

3 types

Seasonal

Continuous

Progressive


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Slide

3 types of Slide:

Rotational Slide Transitional Slide

Block Slide


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Spread


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Causes of Landslides

Undercutting of a slope by stream

erosion, wave action, glaciers, or humanactivity such as road building

Intense or prolonged rainfall, rapid

snowmelt, or sharp fluctuations in

ground-water levels


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Causes of Landslides

Shocks or vibrations caused by

earthquakes or construction activity

Loading on upper slopes

A combination of these and other factors.


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Landslide Warning Signs

Springs, seeps, or saturated ground in

areas that have not typically been wetbefore.

New cracks or unusual bulges in the ground

Soil moving away from foundations.

Structures tilting and/or moving

Sunken or down-dropped road beds.


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Landslide Warning Signs

Rapid increase in creek water levels, possibly

accompanied by increased turbidity (soilcontent).

Sudden decrease in creek water levels though

rain is still falling or just recently stopped.

A faint rumbling sound that increases in volume

is noticeable as the landslide nears. Unusual sounds might indicate moving debris.


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Measuring Landslide Intensity


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Interventions

Before a Landslide

During a Landslide

After a Landslide


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-END-

Prepared by:

Section AGroup A1

Group A2

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A Report in Acute Biologic Crisis