DOI: 10.1007/s10110-003-0176-9Papers Reg. Sci. 83, 31–57 (2004)

c© RSAI 2004

A short history of the field of regional science

David Boyce�

2149 Grey Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201 USA (e-mail: dboyce@uic.edu)

Abstract. The Regional Science Association was founded 50 years ago in Decem-ber 1954; however, the institutional origins of the field were much earlier, perhapswhen Walter Isard began his graduate studies in economics at Harvard University.This article briefly traces the history of the field of regional science and its associ-ation from those beginnings to the present. The focus of the article is the evolutionof the association as an institution, and some of its major contributors, and to amuch lesser extent, on the scope and scholarly content of the field.

JEL classification: B20, B25, B31, B40

Key words: Regional science, history

1 Overview

What is regional science, and how did it come into being? These questions are noteasily answered, and perhaps best left to historians of science. As one participant

� In mid-1968, Walter Isard invited me to join him in the organisational work of the Regional ScienceAssociation. As we had not worked together before, I was actually quite surprised to be asked. Somehowthis role worked well for me, and I hope it has served well all who have been impacted. On this occasionI want to express my profound appreciation to Walter, and to all regional scientists for the opportunity toserve you. These 35 years have been a wonderful experience for me, and I look forward to many more.Although this article was invited by the guest-editors of Papers in Regional Science, Walter has beenurging me for the past two years to make time to write my part of the History. This article represents myfirst effort in this direction, and I hope to follow it soon with a sequel to his History (Isard 2003). Hismanuscript was one essential source for this article. Other sources were comments on earlier versions byseveral individuals. In particular, I wish to thank Peter Batey and David Plane for helpful and insightfulcomments.Responsibility for the accuracy and interpretation of events lies with me alone. If you believe I haveerred, or misrepresented the facts, I want to hear from you. Please write to me at the above address.

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and contributor to the field of regional science over the past 40 years, I was invitedby the editors to write a short history of our field for this special issue. This article,perhaps inevitably, is more about regional science viewed as an institution thanabout regional science as a scholarly activity. To trace and analyse the evolution ofthe subject matter of regional science would be a much larger undertaking than theone attempted here. In his History, Walter Isard (2003) has also deftly sidesteppedthis issue by reproducing programmes of conferences for the reader to examine,ponder and possibly analyse. I expect the actual analysis will be performed byhistorians, drawing upon Isard’s History and similar works as source documents.

This article is organised chronologically and is accompanied by a detailedChronology compiled from Isard’s History, newsletters, periodicals and books.We begin with a brief academic biography of Walter Isard, and then proceed to anaccount of the evolution of the institutions of regional science. A short summingup of accomplishments concludes the article.

2 Beginnings: 1939–1953

2.1 Isard, the student

In the fall of 1939, having completed his undergraduate studies at the age of 20with honors at Temple University, Philadelphia, Walter Isard entered Harvard Uni-versity as a graduate student in economics. During the next two years he developedhis thinking concerning cycles in building construction and transportation devel-opment, under the critical eyes of Professors Alvin H. Hansen and Abbott P. Usher,who stimulated his interest in location analysis. In 1941 Isard moved to the Univer-sity of Chicago, where he studied with Professors Frank H. Knight, Oscar Lange,who rekindled his interest in studying mathematics, and Jacob Viner, whose coursein economic theory proved important for his future research. In the following yearIsard pursued his interest in location analysis while affiliated with the NationalResources Planning Board in Washington, D.C., where he became acquainted withRobert B. Mitchell and G. Holmes Perkins, who later facilitated his relocation tothe University of Pennsylvania.

After quickly completing his Ph.D. thesis on building cycles and transportationdevelopment, because of the outbreak of World War II, Isard was drafted; as aconsequence of his Quaker upbringing and his pacifist beliefs, he was assigned tothe Civilian Public Service as a conscientious objector. During the night hours of hisduties as an orderly in a state mental hospital, he translated into English the works ofthe German location theorists, which were essentially unknown to English-speakingeconomists. Following the conclusion of hostilities, Isard returned to Harvard tocontinue his location studies, especially of the iron and steel industry. In addition,he extensively analysed the costs of atomic power, questioning whether atomicpower would ever be a cost-effective source of electric power due to its very highinvestment costs.

While teaching part-time during 1945–1949, Isard became aware of the awak-ening interest in W. W. Leontief’s input-output approach, and Leontief’s own new-found interest in regional problems. Subsequently, Leontief invited Isard to assist

A short history of the field of regional science 33

him with the development of the balanced regional input-output model, which ledto his appointment at Harvard during 1949–1953 as a research associate. As acondition of the appointment, however, Isard insisted on teaching a course in theEconomics Department, which resulted in the introduction of a course on loca-tion theory and regional development into the Harvard economics curriculum. Thiscourse was taken by numerous graduate students who later became well known fortheir own contributions to regional science.

2.2 Formative meetings and promotional efforts

While engaged in his post-doctoral studies at Harvard, Isard became active in effortsto promote the study of location analysis and regional problems, including arrang-ing meetings of interested scholars. Beginning in 1948 he requested the agreementof successive presidents of the American Economic Association (AEA) to organ-ise sessions on regional problems during its December conventions. Likewise, hesought the support of sociologists and demographers in organising such meetings.This period of activity led to a proposal to the Social Science Research Council(SSRC) to form a Committee on Regional Economic Studies. The proposal wasdiscussed at a meeting held on December 29, 1950 in Chicago, where the AEAwas meeting. A wide-ranging discussion ensued among the 27 participants at themeeting on the interdisciplinary nature of regional research, the need for new con-cepts and techniques for making regional projections, and the need for additionaldata. The possibility of a summer research seminar was discussed, and a workingcommittee was appointed. The discussion formed the basis for a proposal for fundsto the SSRC, which ultimately was rejected.

This result, it seems, caused Isard and his associates to redouble their efforts.Throughout 1951–1954 sessions on regional research were organised at meetingsof various economic associations, including the annual AEA convention, as wellas geography, city planning, political science and sociology meetings. More than25 meetings were held during this period. Drawing on secretarial resources ofLeontief’s research project, an informal newsletter was disseminated, providingdetailed accounts of discussions as well as titles of papers presented.

Midway during this period at the age of 34, Isard moved to M.I.T. as AssociateProfessor of Regional Economics and Director, Section of Urban and RegionalStudies, Department of City and Regional Planning. There Isard gathered a groupof graduate students including Gerald Carrothers, Robert Coughlin, Thomas Reiner,Eugene Schooler, Benjamin Stevens, and ThomasVietorisz, who aided him not onlyin his expanding research activities, but also in his organisational activities.

Throughout this period, a discussion ensued on what should be the name of thisinterdisciplinary field of scholarly activity. Several possibilities were actively dis-cussed: spatial researchers or scientists; regional researchers; and regional studies,to cite several representative ones. All were found to have excessive overlap withexisting fields or were thought to be confusing. In the end the crisp title, RegionalScience Association, emerged from the discussions, recognising that regional sci-ence applied also to interregional science. The first use of the term regional scientist

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is found in a newsletter from Isard dated August 3, 1954 proposing the formationof an “Association of Regional Scientists”. To this development, I shall now turn.

2.3 The first meetings

Following four years of sustained and extensive discussion on the purpose and scopeof their regional research activities, Isard proposed the formation of an Association,with its first meeting to be held December 27–29, 1954 in conjunction with theAEAand other social science associations in Detroit. A full programme of 25 papers wasorganised, although some sessions were held jointly with other associations. Abusiness meeting was called for December 29, in which 60 scholars participated.As recorded in a subsequent newsletter, the discussion was orderly, but enthusiastic,in support of the formation of an Association. A committee was established, withIsard given full freedom to select its members. The participating scholars alsoagreed to meet the following year with the allied social scientists, as they laterbecame known. There was also support for publication of the papers presented atthe meeting, which was accomplished by each author providing 200 copies, andhaving them bound together into a volume, which became Volume One, Papersand Proceedings, Regional Science Association, 1955. The Proceedings consistedof the Minutes of the Business Meeting and the Programme of the Meetings. (InVolume One, the plural Meetings is used to describe the event for the first time,possibly an innovation of the Editor, Gerald Carrothers.)

What can be said about content of these Meetings, a topic easily glossed over?Each of the sessions had the word regional in its title as well as economic analysis,economics, or research. Location theory and models were present but were inthe minority. Urban topics were represented but not extensively. Transportationand spatial interaction were also present, together with a few papers on regionalpolicy. In short, the programme was much the same as RSAI meetings presently, aninterdisciplinary mix of theory, methods and applications on both large and smallregions, including urban and rural regions and interregional relationships.

3 Early years: 1954–1968

3.1 Organisation of the RSA

The formal organisation of the Regional Science Association (RSA) proceededdeliberately and carefully. A highly interdisciplinary organising committee was ap-pointed, which produced a draft constitution by July 28, 1955 for circulation tointerested persons. The Constitution was discussed at the December 28, 1955 Busi-ness Meeting, with some suggestions for changes to liberalise the qualifications formembership. Procedures for nominating and electing officers were also discussed,as was the place of the next Meetings. The Constitution was distributed to per-sons participating in the activities of the association, and declared to be ratified onAugust 15, 1956.

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In retrospect, two points were overlooked in the Constitution. First, no provisionwas made for the formation of sections. In fact there is no mention of sections inthe newsletters of the Association until 1960, when the Constitution was amendedto allow their formation. Second, the officers were the usual ones; however, therewas no office for the ongoing leader of the Association, which is to say, WalterIsard. Once he served as the first President, in 1957, what would be his role? Thisoversight was corrected in 1959 by the creation of the office of Honorary Chairman,which Isard subsequently held throughout his leadership of the Association.

For the 1956 Meetings, the Association was recognised formally as a legitimatesocial science organisation and incorporated into the Allied Social Science Asso-ciations (ASSA). This arrangement for the Meetings continued until 1963, whenthe RSA held its Tenth Annual Meetings in the U.S., independently of the ASSAin Chicago. These meetings represented the coming of age of the Association, asbeing sufficiently strong to function separately from other social science organi-sations. The Regional Science Association Directory, 1960–1961, listed about 960members, further testifying to the success of the Association’s early years.

3.2 Transition to the University of Pennsylvania

After failing to establish a Ph.D. programme in regional science at M.I.T., Isardlooked elsewhere for fertile ground for rooting the seeds of the new field. TheUniversity of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, Isard’s hometown, provided that op-portunity. The Economics Department of the Wharton School at Penn was seekingnew academic blood, which was provided initially by Lawrence Klein, later to bethe 1980 Nobel laureate in economic science, and Walter Isard. A new GraduateGroup in Regional Science was created at Penn, as announced by Isard to the RSAmembership on April 13, 1956. Also established at Philadelphia was the RegionalScience Research Institute, as a non-profit, independent research organisation.

In the same year the first of three books by Isard was published, Location andSpace Economy. The second, Industrial Complex Analysis and Regional Devel-opment, followed in 1959, and the third, Methods of Regional Analysis, in 1960.These books, together with the founding of the Journal of Regional Science in1958, solidly established the graduate programme at Penn as a centre of scholarlyactivity. Recognition came quickly with the establishment of the Regional Sci-ence Department in 1958. The first Ph.D. degree was awarded in 1960 to WilliamAlonso, another promising young scholar who had migrated to Philadelphia withIsard, Stevens and the others. Alonso went on to Harvard and Berkeley to an il-lustrious academic career. His Ph.D. thesis, published as Location and Land Use,became a classic not only in regional science, but also in urban economics andurban planning.

3.3 Europe, the Far East and the formation of sections

Having rooted regional science firmly in the United States and at Penn, Walter Isardnext turned his attention to the rest of the world. As already noted, sections were

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not envisaged in the original constitution. Once amended, however, the first sectionwas formed, evidently spontaneously in March 1961 by regional scientists from thewestern United States meeting at Las Vegas. Initially known as the Western Section,the Western Regional Science Association emerged as a vibrant organisation withits own journal, The Annals of Regional Science, and the ambition by 1969 tocollaborate with the next section to be formed, the Japan Section, to organise aninternational conference of scholars from the Pacific Rim.

In the summer of 1960, Isard was active in disseminating regional scienceto Europe. Travelling with his large family in a VW microbus, he made a grandtour of The Hague, Paris, Bellagio (Italy), Zagreb, Warsaw, Stockholm, and Lund,organising conferences and sections along the way. He achieved the necessaryinterest and support to organise and hold the First European Congress at The Haguein August 1961. The meeting was highly successful with 122 scholars from 29countries. Over the next 30 years, sections formed throughout Europe: FrenchLanguage, Norden, Dutch, German Speaking, British, Italian, Hungarian, Polish,Israeli, Spain, and Turkish, in rough chronological order; available records do notpermit a more precise ordering.

By 1962 Isard, with the help of his associates, turned his attention to LatinAmerican and the Far East. The First Latin American Congress was held in Caracasin 1962 with 100 participants. The Japan Section was formed under the leader-ship of Genpachiro Konno in 1962, and the First Far East Conference was heldin September 1963. Subsequently, the Indian Section was formed and held its firstmeeting in 1967. While the Japan and Indian Sections flourished, establishing ad-ditional sections in Asia proved difficult until after 1980, when in succession theKorean RSA, Chinese RSA-Taiwan, Indonesian RSA and a Mexican associationwere formed and became member organisations. Likewise, although the Brazilianand Argentine Sections were formed during the 1960s, until recently they did nothold regular meetings.

More steps in the establishment of regional science were the Summer Institutesheld at the University of California at Berkeley in 1962 and 1964. These summerschools of several weeks provided advanced instruction is regional science theory,methods and applications to young faculty members from the U.S. and abroad.Leading regional scientists from Penn and other universities formed the faculty.The export of the Summer Institute concept to Europe in 1970 was a direct result ofa young German economist, Rolf Funck, having attended the 1964 event, as well asthe strong suggestion made to him by Walter Isard in August 1969 in Copenhagen.

Otherwise, during the 1960s the annual Regional Science Meetings continuedto flourish in the United States, increasing in attendance from year to year. Asnoted, the first Meetings held separately from the ASSA occurred in 1963 withconsiderable success. Likewise, the European Congresses attracted the attentionof scholars there, as well as a few American scholars who Isard invited to jointhis annual August excursion. In 1965 the Congress was held for the first timeat an Eastern European location (Krakow) greatly facilitating the participation ofscholars from Eastern Europe. A two-day meeting of the British Section in 1967was added to the itinerary, scheduled just before the European Congress.

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4 Expansion years: 1968–1989

4.1 Expansion of the North American meetings

As the annual Regional Science Meetings took shape in the mid-1950s and throughthe transition to a venue independent of the ASSA in the 1960s, two features of theannual event were unchanging. First, the Meetings consisted of a sequence of three-hour sessions, each comprising two addresses by leading scholars to the assembledparticipants, followed by invited discussants and extensive discussion from the floor.Altogether, 14 papers constituted the three-day Meetings, Friday morning throughSunday afternoon. Second, the 14 papers were invited by Walter Isard, often inconsultation with leading scholars. The only exception was the “early-bird” Ph.D.dissertation paper sessions held on Saturday and Sunday mornings.

From the perspective of the present, the thought of over 100 regional scientists,economists, geographers and others sitting in a single large room listening to paperson a diverse range of subjects is rather daunting. But that was indeed the format ofthe Meetings through 1968. Moreover, competition for those relatively few invita-tions became increasingly keen. As interest and attendance in the Meetings grew,and the opportunity to present a paper on one’s own research became a criterionfor obtaining travel funds, the necessity to “open up” the meeting format becameimperative. This process was initiated slowly, first in 1969 when parallel sessionswere initially held on Sunday morning, and increasingly through the 1970s whenparallel sessions of various styles began to be organised by several interest groups.During this period, the format and content of the Meetings evolved substantially.Invited papers continued to be scheduled, but in parallel with organised sessionson various topics. By 1976, the Meetings had expanded to six parallel sessions atToronto, the first Meetings held in Canada. By 1986 the Meetings consisted of 10parallel sessions held over three days for a total of 60 sessions.

In 1969 these conferences were first designated as the North American Meet-ings, in contrast to the former designation, U.S. Meetings. This change recognisedthe continuing success of the European Congress, and the emergence of a thirdinternational conference described below.

4.2 Transition to the European RSA

In Europe, the nature and organisation of the European Congress evolved similarlyat first.As noted, the first Congress in Eastern Europe took place in 1965. The secondCongress in Eastern Europe was held in late August 1968 at Budapest, just a fewdays after an unexpected intrusion into the internal affairs of Czechoslovakia bythe superpower to the east. As a result, a number of Western European participants,especially several from the Federal Republic of Germany, boycotted the Congress.Ironically, the Congress was highly successful as a result of the participation for thefirst time of a substantial group of Soviet scholars as well as others from EasternEuropean countries. Substantial Soviet participation continued at the CopenhagenCongress in 1969, but diminished in the following years. And the plan to hold the1970 Congress at Bratislava had to be canceled as a result of adverse conditions in

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Eastern Europe in the early 1970s. Only in 1975 was it possible to resume holdingthe Congress in the East, again at Budapest.

Highly successful Congresses were held in London, Rome and Vienna in theearly 1970s, following the format and procedure devised by Walter Isard for theNorth American Meetings. In the case of the European Congresses, however, theorganisation was anomalous in the sense that the entire programme was organised byIsard, increasingly with my assistance after 1968, from our offices at the Universityof Pennsylvania. Shortly after each Congress, we would draw up a list of 12–14scholars to be invited to give papers at next year’s Congress. Invitations were mailed,and when an acceptance was received, discussants were identified and invited. ByApril, the tentative programme was assembled and distributed in a newsletter to themembership, together with a hotel reservation form.Adjustments to the programmewere made, as needed, over the summer. The programme was sent, or often handcarried to the Congress venue, and the final programme produced on the day beforethe Congress. The procedure was efficient and served the early years of the Congresswell.

At the Business Meeting of the Karlsruhe Congress in 1974, however, the wholeprocedure was severely questioned. A Dutch scholar, who was not a regular partic-ipant and whose name has long since been forgotten, inquired why this EuropeanCongress is organised by Americans in Philadelphia. This remark triggered a longdiscussion during the Business Meeting and afterwards. Why indeed! The end re-sult of this discussion was an agreement for European scholars to undertake thepreparation of the Congress programme, beginning with a few sessions in 1976 atLyngby, Denmark, and expanding until the European Organising Committee (EOC)assumed full responsibility for the 1979 Congress at London organised by PeterBatey. Subsequently, the European Regional Science Association was formed as asupraregional organisation in which the various sections of the RSA in Europe wererepresented. However, the EOC, essentially an independent body, retained controlover the organisation of the Congresses. The transition to the preparation of theCongress by the EOC proceeded very smoothly, largely because of the leadershipof Peter Nijkamp, at the time a young scholar beginning his career in The Nether-lands. The formation of these two European organisations established a precedentfor decentralising the organisation of the international conferences of the RSA, apoint to which I return below.

4.3 Founding of the Pacific Conference

As noted earlier, the Western Section was the first section to be organised in 1961,and the Japan Section was organised two years later in 1963. These two sectionsorganised the First Pacific Regional Science Conference in Honolulu in lateAugust,1969, held on the same days as the European Congress in Copenhagen. Unlike theNorth American Meetings and the European Congress, the Pacific Conference washeld every second year, first at Honolulu, and later at alternating locations betweenAsia and North America. The organisers also successfully issued Papers of thePacific Conference for the first five conferences through 1975. In contrast to two

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conferences organised each year by Walter Isard, the Pacific Conference and itspublication were the activity of two of the most successful sections of the RSA.

At the Council Meeting at the North American Meetings in Toronto in 1976,Isao Orishimo proposed on behalf of the Pacific Regional Science Conference thatPapers of the Pacific Conference be incorporated into Papers of the Regional ScienceAssociation. The immediate rationale was a practical one, resulting from difficultiesexperienced by the Pacific Conference in publishing its Papers in a timely andfinancially sound manner. This proposal was received and debated cautiously bythe RSA Council, as it would place an additional burden on RSA finances as well. Inthe end, however, agreement was reached that Pacific Conference Papers would beincluded in Papers of the RSA, beginning with the 1979 conference. Those Paperswere issued as Volume 46 (1981) edited by Hirotada Kohno and Rodney Jensen.

Although the proposal made by Orishimo on behalf of the conference organiserswas made for practical reasons, ensuing actions to form the Pacific Regional ScienceConference Organisation (PRSCO) as a second supraregional organisation helpedto determine the present form of the RSA. PRSCO adopted its own constitutionand operating procedures, just as the European Organising Committee had donea few years earlier. Led decisively by the secretaries of the Western RSA and theJapan Section, Lay Gibson and Hirotada Kohno, with the strong encouragement ofMichael Mischaikow, editor of The Annals of Regional Science, PRSCO becamean equal and strong pillar of the international RSA.

4.4 Establishment of the North American Council

During the 1970s the North American Meetings continued to be organised at theUniversity of Pennsylvania. In 1977 the organisation of this conference movedwith me to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). Subsequently,assistance for the organisation of these Meetings was provided by that university.When the membership and financial office of the association also moved to UIUCin 1987, the excessive concentration of activities became apparent. Moreover, itgradually became clear that the NorthAmerican Meetings, and the highly successfulsections in North America, were organisationally at odds with the rest of the world,which is to say the European and Pacific organisations. How to reorganise the RSAand its North American Meetings were debated during RSA Council meetingsduring the early 1980s.

During my term as RSA President, I initiated discussions to address this organ-isational issue, first in a panel discussion held at the Baltimore Meetings in 1987,and then at a session to draft a NorthAmerican Regional Science Council (NARSC)constitution at the Toronto Meetings in 1988. Among others, David Plane and LayGibson were especially helpful in articulating the structure of this third suprare-gional organisation of the RSA. NARSC was formally organised in 1989 at SantaBarbara with John Current as Executive Secretary. Under the strong leadership ofR.D. Norton and Barry Moriarty, NARSC organised the Boston Meetings in 1990and the New Orleans Meetings in 1991.

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4.5 World Congresses, Summer Institutes and Graduate Programmes

The next step beyond the supraregional and section meetings was the establishmentof the World Congress. The first congress was held on June 14-25, 1980, at Cam-bridge, USA, in conjunction with meetings of other international organisations,and organised by Walter Isard, Gerald Karaska and myself. Subsequent congresseswere held in Rotterdam (1984), Jerusalem (1989), Palma de Majorca, Spain (1992),Tokyo (1996) and Lugano (2000).

As noted earlier, Summer Institutes in Regional Science at Berkeley in 1962and 1964 were important in drawing young scholars into the field, especially fromeconomics and geography. At the suggestion of Walter Isard, Rolf Funck organisedthe First Advanced Studies Institute in Regional Science at the Technical Universityof Karlsruhe in 1970 with 40 young scholars and 13 faculty members in residence.Except for the omission of 1976 because of funding difficulties, this Summer In-stitute continued on a biannual basis for many years, and for at least the past sevenyears has been organised annually under the aegis of the European RSA. In 1990PRSCO organised its first Summer Institute at Bandung, Indonesia, which was heldsubsequently in even-numbered years. Over the past 40 years these institutes havebeen instrumental in attracting young scholars to regional science.

The 1970s were also a period of expansion of graduate programmes in regionalscience. A first effort to expand beyond Penn was made by Walter Isard in 1966by establishing a Regional Science – Landscape Architecture Project in the Gradu-ate School of Design at Harvard University. Later, a post-doctoral programme wasadded. Subsequently, Isard moved this programme to Cornell University, whereregional science was established as a field of Ph.D. study in 1972. In addition to thePh.D. programmes at Penn and Cornell, regional science institutes were founded atthe University of Aix-Marseille, the Copenhagen School of Economics and Busi-ness Administration, and the Technical University of Karlsruhe, Germany, in thelate 1960s. By 1975 twelve post-graduate programmes in North America, Europe,Asia and Australia offered degrees; some programmes offered specialisations inrelated degree programmes such as geography and economics.

5 Maturing years: 1990–2003

5.1 Establishment of the RSAI

The establishment of the three supraregional organisations during 1974–1989 ledto the reorganisation of the international association in 1989, effective January 1,1990. In the new Constitution ratified in late 1989, the association was renamedthe Regional Science Association International (RSAI), making official the use ofthe term international, which had been used occasionally in newsletters in the late1960s. In addition to reorganising the Council to provide for representation fromthe supraregional organisations, as well as at large representatives, the Constitutionprovided for the election of a President with substantial leadership responsibilities,as opposed to the previously honorary presidency, and for a term of two years. Thefirst President of the reorganised association was Peter Nijkamp, who served during

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1991–1992. During the transition, Rolf Funck and Rodney Jensen provided strongleadership and advice.

In conjunction with the reorganisation, and the advent of the Internet, an RSAIwebsite was established and a Membership Directory was published in 1992, thefirst since 1960–1961. Now websites also exist for the three supraregional organi-sations, as well as for many sections.

5.2 Status of regional science degree programmes

A serious setback to the field was the demise of the Regional Science Department atthe University of Pennsylvania. Walter Isard relocated his primary research base toCornell University in 1979, having earlier relinquished the Chair of the Departmentin 1977 in order to focus his energies on Peace Science. Subsequent developmentsat Penn culminated in the closing of the Regional Science Department in December1993.Although degree-granting authority remains, the residual faculty has declinedto admit new students. Despite its eclipse, the impact of the Penn programme hasbeen profound, graduating nearly 180 Ph.D. degrees and over 350 masters degreessince 1960.

The regional science programme at Cornell University remains active with 48Ph.D. degrees and 60 M.S. degrees awarded since 1975. Degree programmes andspecialisations in regional science established during the 1970s at universities inAsia, Europe and elsewhere in North America have sometimes been reorganised orcombined with related programmes. These developments generally reflect the evo-lution and contraction of academic programmes that has occurred globally duringthe past decade.

5.3 Globalisation of regional science

Since the reorganisation of the association in 1990, increasing attention has againbeen paid to establishing sections, conferences and institutes throughout the world.The establishment of the PRSCO Summer Institute in 1990 has already been men-tioned. Efforts to organise conferences in Latin America, not regularly held sincethe 1960s, have been emphasised. The 2003 Pacific Conference was held in Aca-pulco as a result. In January 2000 an International Symposium on Regional Sciencewas held at Port Elizabeth, South Africa, at which international scholars and SouthAfrican scholars met for the first time. This meeting led to a decision by the RSAICouncil to hold the 2004 World Congress at Port Elizabeth.

6 Publications

In contrast to the status of some regional science academic programmes, publica-tions of journals and books in the field continue to flourish together with conferencesand Summer Institutes. In this section the history of regional science publicationsis briefly reviewed.

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6.1 Papers

The first publication in the field of regional science in 1955 was Papers and Proceed-ings, The Regional Science Association. Originally, Papers consisted of selectedpapers presented at the annual meetings together with programmes and minutesof business meetings. Subsequently, in 1962 the Papers from the newly foundedEuropean Congress were added to this series. And, finally in 1981, Papers fromthe Pacific Conference were added, as noted earlier. An Index to the first 50 vol-umes of Papers, 1955–1982 was published in 1984. The publication of volumesof selected papers from these three conferences continued through the Volume 69(1990). A new journal, Papers in Regional Science, was established in 1991 witheditors drawn from the three supraregional organisations under the leadership of anEditor-in-Chief. The past aim of the editors of Papers, to publish selected papersas articles from the three supraregional conferences, was expanded with the goalof making Papers in Regional Science the quarterly flagship journal for the Asso-ciation. Papers in Regional Science became a Springer journal in 1999, replacinginformal publishing and marketing arrangements. Together, Papers of the RSA andPapers in Regional Science constitute a 50-year record of scholarship in the fieldof regional science. Many editors have contributed to the overall longevity andsuccess of this publication.

6.2 Journal of Regional Science

The Journal of Regional Science (JRS) was founded by Walter Isard in 1958, andedited by him and several others throughout its history. Benjamin Stevens was along-time editor, and later publisher, from Volume 4 (1962) to Volume 37 (1997),and Ronald Miller was its Managing Editor from Volume 5 (1963) to Volume 36(1996). With Volume 33 (1993), Blackwell Publishers became the publisher ofJRS, under Stevens’s watchful eye until his death in December 1997. JRS helped toestablish regional science by achieving a high standing among economic journals.It continues as one of the central journals of the field.

6.3 The Annals of Regional Science

The Annals of Regional Science (ARS) was first published in December 1967 bythe Western RSA in co-operation with Western Washington State College. Volume2 (1968) lists Michael Mischaikow as editor, who continued his work for the next20 years. Beginning with Volume 23 (1989), The Annals was acquired by Springer.ARS continues today as one of the principal regional science journals.

6.4 Publications of Pion Limited

A small London-based publisher, Pion Limited, agreed in 1968 to publish Lon-don Papers in Regional Science, selected papers from the annual British Section

A short history of the field of regional science 43

meeting. In the following year, Alan Wilson founded Environment and Planningwith the same publisher. At the outset the journal had a strong regional scienceorientation; by design, it has expanded and diversified into four journals with avery broad social science scope. One of the principals, John Ashby, was especiallyhelpful and enthusiastic in establishing these journals and serials. London Papersappeared annually, 1969–1991; it was then converted to European Research inRegional Science, which continues to the present.

6.5 Regional Science and Urban Economics

Regional and Urban Economics, Operational Methods, was founded by JeanPaelinck in May 1971, and published by North-Holland. The publishers appointedAke Andersson and Walter Isard as co-editors in 1974, and the journal’s name waschanged to Regional Science and Urban Economics (RSUE) with Volume 5 (1975).The journal continues as a major outlet for more technically-oriented articles.

6.6 International Regional Science Review

Walter Isard founded the International Regional Science Review (IRSR) in 1975“to facilitate the publication of papers of a less technical, and possibly less ortho-dox, nature than found in the Journal of Regional Science”. Andrew Isserman wasappointed editor in 1976 and developed the Review into a principal regional sci-ence journal with a strong policy bent. With Volume 22 (1999), Sage Publicationsbecame publisher of IRSR.

6.7 Publications of sections

Most sections of the RSAI successfully publish journals or proceedings of theirannual meetings. Several of these are constituted as journals, while others are serialsissued annually of semi-annually. To my knowledge, only The Annals has achievedthe status of a journal with a commercial publisher.

6.8 Monographs in regional science

In addition to journals, publication of research monographs and textbooks is nec-essary to establish and sustain an academic field. Presumably due to its novelty,the publication of books in regional science did not occur easily. Elsewhere, Wal-ter Isard (2003) has described his frustration with the rejection of his first majormanuscript by several publishers.

Isard achieved a breakthrough with the publication of his Location and SpaceEconomy by M.I.T.’s Technology Press and John Wiley and Sons in 1956. The bookwas so successful that he had little difficulty in convincing the Press to publishhis next three books: Industrial Complex Analysis and Regional Development with

44 D. Boyce

Eugene Schooler and Thomas Vietorisz in 1959; Methods of Regional Analysis withothers in 1960; and General Theory: Social, Political, Economic and Regional withTony Smith and others in 1969. A successful book series in regional science wasalso established by MIT Press.

As noted above, Pion began publishing regional science serials and journalsin 1969, and offered a number of important monographs from 1970 onwards. Inthe mid-1970s North-Holland established a series in Regional Science and UrbanEconomics, under the editorship of Andersson and Isard, which published manymonographs of a highly technical nature. Springer entered the regional science fieldduring the 1980s with a series edited by Peter Nijkamp. During the past 20 years,the number of publishers in the field has proliferated and includes Ashgate, Ave-bury, Croom Helm, Edward Elgar, Elsevier, Gower, John Wiley and Sons, Kluwer,Martinus Nijhoff, and Routledge. Various research institutes have also served aspublishers. The Regional Science Research Institute with its monograph and bibli-ography series is an early example.

7 Administration of the RSA/RSAI

Over the years Walter Isard sought to keep the administrative efforts required tooperate the Association to a bare minimum. Initially, the cost of correspondenceand newsletters was borne by research projects, including the Harvard EconomicResearch Project led by Leontief. Following the formation of the RSA, individualswere encouraged to send in one dollar to defray the costs of publication of thePapers. The institutions at which Isard was based also contributed heavily to thecosts of operations, often unknowingly, one presumes.

Sometime after Isard moved to the University of Pennsylvania in 1956, a smallmembership and financial records office was established. For many years this func-tion was performed by Helen Wood. I first met her in a tiny office at 39th andChestnut Streets in Philadelphia, where the Philadelphia Input-Output Study washoused beginning about 1963. Helen continued working at that location even afterIsard moved to Cornell University in 1979. She then performed those functionsworking in her home. Isard continued to oversee the financial affairs of the Asso-ciation until the membership and financial records were moved to the Universityof Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) in 1987. Mrs. Wood was recognised forher long-time service to the RSA at the North American Meetings at Philadelphiain 1985.

Soon after I moved to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1977,Geoffrey Hewings succeeded me as Secretary, and assumed responsibility for theRSA Newsletter. I continued to organise the North American Meetings, and soughtto co-ordinate other supraregional meetings with the overall activities of the Asso-ciation. Office space for the RSA Secretary was found in a small building knownas the Observatory, which actually did house an old telescope. Funds were securedfrom UIUC for part-time clerical support.

In 1982 Beth Carbonneau joined the office staff, and quickly became central tothe functioning of the office. Over time she assisted me greatly with the organisationof the NorthAmerican Meetings and with correspondence with section officers, well

A short history of the field of regional science 45

before the advent of e-mail. Some time after Beth arrived, the entire inventory ofthe Papers of the RSA was moved by a truck driven by UIUC graduate studentsfrom Philadelphia to Urbana. The inventory was stored in discarded file cabinetsin a large basement storage room under the telescope, filling perhaps 30 cabinets.At one point, some volumes left on the floor were damaged by termites, whichaccording to one wag, had a distinct preference for pages dense with equations.

Orders for individual volumes of Papers were received by Helen in Philadelphiaand forwarded to Beth for mailing. Unfortunately, for many of the volumes, supplygreatly exceeded demand, and storage increasingly became a problem as the yearspassed and the number of volumes in inventory increased by five volumes everytwo years.

As noted, in 1987 the membership and financial records were transferred to theoffice at UIUC, and responsibility for them was assumed by Beth. Assistance inestablishing computer-based membership and financial records was secured, andhas generally worked well, despite early false starts. A part-time accountant washired, and later a clerical worker to handle library subscriptions, both of whomwere supervised and co-ordinated by Beth, by now promoted to Assistant Director.Mailings of newsletters and Papers were performed in this office, with boxes ofmaterials frequently driven to the University mailroom by the Assistant Director inher own car. Mrs. Carbonneau received a Special Recognition Award at the 42ndNorth American Meetings for her dedicated service to the RSAI.

With the reorganisation of the Association in 1990 to become the RSAI, Ge-offrey Hewings became the first (unpaid) Executive Director. He continued in thisrole through 1996, when he was succeeded by Kieran Donaghy, a graduate of thePh.D. programme in regional science at Cornell University. Donaghy performedthese duties through the end of 2002. In 2003 Graham Clarke has taken over theadministrative direction of the RSAI; plans to move the administrative functions toa European location are in progress.

Beginning with Volume 46 (1981) of Papers of the RSA through Volume 77(1998) of Papers in Regional Science, typesetting and printing were performed bythe Office of Printing Services of UIUC. H.F. “Bill” Williamson served as ManagingEditor of Papers during this period. He also performed a similar function for theInternational Regional Science Review.

In 1978 Barclay Jones proposed the establishment of the Regional ScienceArchives at Cornell University Library, and was appointed Archivist of the RSA.He arranged for the accumulated files and papers of Walter Isard to be moved fromPhiladelphia to Ithaca when Isard moved to Cornell in 1979. Without his assistanceone wonders what correspondence and records might have been lost. When Jonesdied in May 1997, I succeeded him in December of the same year. Walter Isard hasworked tirelessly in recent years to organise his materials in the Regional ScienceArchives, and to write his History.

46 D. Boyce

8 Accomplishments of fifty years

Stepping back, what can one say about the events of the past 50 years, and more?First, an entirely new field of scholarly activity has been founded and rooted,

and is now thriving throughout the world. The field is robust and dynamic, and ismaking substantial contributions to both science and policy.

Second, the success of regional science, as in its formative period before 1954,has been to provide a locus for scholars and professionals from a wide range ofdisciplines concerned with regional, and interregional, phenomena at all geographicscales to interact. Their interactions occur through conferences, periodicals, books,the Internet, and in other ways. This interaction also occurs in classrooms andresearch laboratories of academe, in offices of the public and private sectors, andwherever and whenever regional scientists meet. The disciplines that contributeto this interchange are diverse; their centre lies in the social sciences, but theycertainly extend to the physical sciences, engineering and even to the humanities.In this sense regional science is truly an interdisciplinary field.

Third, what is equally clear is that regional science has not become a discipline,and taken its place along side the above disciplines in the granting of graduatedegrees. Efforts to establish graduate programmes seem to be on the wane.Althoughthis may be regrettable, the field of regional science as an interdisciplinary locusmay be stronger as a result.

Finally, I believe we may conclude that the prospects for regional science arevery bright. Our field contributes a broader and deeper framework for the analysisand modeling of regional phenomena, and the solution of large-scale regional andinterregional problems, than other fields. We are stronger from our interdisciplinaryperspective and foundations, and less likely to be hindered by the rigidities ofcomfortable, yet unrealistic, disciplinary conventions and habits. Building uponour rich heritage of more than 50 years, I forecast only continuing success.

References

Isard, W (2003) History of Regional Science and the Regional Science Association International: TheBeginnings and Early History. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

A short history of the field of regional science 47

Ach

rono

logy

ofth

efie

ldof

regi

onal

scie

nce

Thi

slis

ting

seek

sto

reco

rdth

epr

inci

pal

even

tsin

the

deve

lopm

ent

ofth

efie

ldof

regi

onal

scie

nce.

Sour

ces

incl

ude

orig

inal

docu

men

ts,

incl

udin

gR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

New

slet

ters

,Pap

ers

ofth

eR

egio

nalS

cien

ceA

ssoc

iati

on,a

ndW

alte

rIs

ard

(200

3).E

mph

asis

inth

isC

hron

olog

yis

onea

rly

deve

lopm

ents

and

cont

ribu

tions

ofth

em

any

indi

vidu

als

who

help

edth

efie

ldto

flour

ish.

Dat

eE

vent

1919

,Apr

il19

Wal

ter

Isar

d,th

eso

nof

imm

igra

ntpa

rent

s,is

born

inPh

ilade

lphi

a.

1939

Wal

ter

Isar

den

ters

the

grad

uate

prog

ram

inec

onom

ics

atH

arva

rdU

nive

rsity

,fol

low

ing

grad

uatio

nw

ithho

nors

from

Tem

ple

Uni

vers

ity,

Phila

delp

hia.

1941

Isar

dco

mpl

etes

his

first

pape

ron

build

ing

cycl

esin

apar

tmen

tcon

stru

ctio

n,in

whi

chhe

note

dth

eca

usal

rela

tions

hip

betw

een

tran

spor

tatio

nde

velo

pmen

tand

build

ing

inve

stm

ent;

publ

ishe

din

1942

.

1946

Isar

din

itiat

esst

udie

sof

the

loca

tion

ofth

eir

onan

dst

eel

indu

stry

,and

ofth

ehi

ghfix

edco

sts

ofat

omic

pow

eran

dth

eir

impl

icat

ions

for

indu

stri

allo

catio

n.

1949

Isar

djo

ins

the

Har

vard

Eco

nom

icR

esea

rch

Proj

ecto

fW.W

.Leo

ntie

fand

intr

oduc

esa

cour

seon

loca

tion

theo

ryin

toth

eH

arva

rdec

onom

ics

curr

icul

um.

1950

,Dec

embe

r29

Isar

dan

d28

othe

rsch

olar

sho

ldth

efir

stR

egio

nalE

cono

mic

Res

earc

hM

eetin

gat

the

Am

eric

anE

cono

mic

Ass

ocia

tion

mee

ting

inC

hica

go.

1951

,Jan

uary

9Is

ard

issu

esth

efir

stin

form

alne

wsl

ette

rof

the

Com

mite

eon

Reg

iona

lE

cono

mic

Stud

ies,

repo

rtin

gon

the

Dec

.29

mee

ting,

incl

udin

ga

prop

osal

toth

eSo

cial

Scie

nce

Res

earc

hC

ounc

ilto

form

aC

omm

ittee

onR

egio

nalE

cono

mic

Stud

ies.

1951

,Apr

il20

Ase

cond

Reg

iona

lEco

nom

icR

esea

rch

Mee

ting

with

22pa

rtic

ipan

tsis

held

inco

njun

ctio

nw

ithth

eM

idw

estE

cono

mic

Ass

ocia

tion

mee

ting

inM

ilwau

kee.

1951

,Sep

tem

ber

6A

mee

ting

onin

terd

isci

plin

ary

regi

onal

rese

arch

ishe

ldin

conj

unct

ion

with

the

Am

eric

anSo

ciol

ogic

alA

ssoc

iatio

nco

nven

tion

inC

hica

go.

1951

,Nov

embe

r17

Ase

ssio

non

regi

onal

econ

omic

sis

held

atth

eSo

uthe

rnE

cono

mic

Ass

ocia

tion

conv

entio

nin

Kno

xvill

e.

1951

,Dec

embe

r27

Apa

per

onC

urre

ntD

evel

opm

ents

inIn

terr

egio

nal

and

Reg

iona

lIn

put-

Out

putA

naly

sis

and

seve

nad

ditio

nal

pape

rsar

epr

esen

ted

atth

eA

mer

ican

Eco

nom

icA

ssoc

iatio

nan

dE

cono

met

ric

Soci

ety

mee

tings

inB

osto

n,fo

llow

edby

adi

scus

sion

with

mor

eth

an40

part

icip

ants

.

1952

,Apr

il25

An

inte

rdis

cipl

inar

ym

eetin

gon

met

ropo

litan

regi

onal

rese

arch

ishe

ldat

the

Am

eric

anIn

stitu

teof

Plan

ners

conv

entio

n.

48 D. Boyce

1952

,Aug

ust7

Are

gion

alre

sear

chm

eetin

gw

ithm

ore

than

20pa

rtic

ipan

tsis

held

atth

eA

ssoc

iatio

nof

Am

eric

anG

eogr

aphe

rsco

nfer

ence

inW

ashi

ngto

n,D

.C.

1952

,Dec

embe

rSe

vera

lses

sion

son

regi

onal

and

spat

iale

cono

mic

sar

ehe

ldat

the

Am

eric

anE

cono

mic

Ass

ocia

tion

and

Eco

nom

etri

cSo

ciet

ym

eetin

gsin

Chi

cago

.Suc

hse

ssio

nsat

econ

omic

s,ge

ogra

phy,

plan

ning

and

rela

ted

conf

eren

ces

cont

inue

duri

ng19

53an

d19

54.

1953

,Apr

il3

Ase

ssio

non

The

ory

inE

cono

mic

Geo

grap

hyw

ithfo

urpa

pers

ishe

ldat

the

annu

alm

eetin

gof

the

Ass

ocia

tion

ofA

mer

ican

Geo

grap

hers

inC

leve

land

.

1953

,Jun

eW

alte

rIs

ard

isap

poin

ted

Ass

ocia

tePr

ofes

sor

ofR

egio

nalE

cono

mic

san

dD

irec

tor,

Sect

ion

ofU

rban

and

Reg

iona

lStu

dies

,Dep

artm

ento

fC

ityan

dR

egio

nalP

lann

ing,

Mas

sach

uset

tsIn

stitu

teof

Tech

nolo

gy.

1953

,Sep

tem

ber

10A

nin

terd

isci

plin

ary

regi

onal

rese

arch

mee

ting

with

25pa

rtic

ipan

tsis

held

atth

eA

mer

ican

Polit

ical

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

mee

ting

inW

ashi

ngto

n,D

.C.

1953

,Dec

embe

r27

–30

Seve

rals

essi

ons

onre

gion

alre

sear

char

ehe

ldat

the

Am

eric

anA

ssoc

iatio

nfo

rthe

Adv

ance

men

tofS

cien

ceco

nfer

ence

inB

osto

n,fo

llow

edby

sess

ions

atth

eA

mer

ican

Eco

nom

icA

ssoc

iatio

nm

eetin

gin

Was

hing

ton,

D.C

.

1954

,Apr

il14

Sess

ions

onU

rban

Geo

grap

hyan

dT

heor

yin

Eco

nom

icG

eogr

aphy

are

held

atth

ean

nual

mee

ting

ofth

eAss

ocia

tion

ofA

mer

ican

Geo

grap

hers

inPh

ilade

lphi

a.O

ther

such

mee

tings

with

vari

ous

soci

alsc

ienc

eas

soci

atio

nsto

onu

mer

ous

todo

cum

enta

rehe

ldth

roug

hout

the

year

.

1954

,Aug

ust3

Ina

new

slet

ter

addr

esse

dto

“Reg

iona

lSci

entis

ts”,

Isar

dpr

opos

esex

plor

ing

the

form

atio

nof

an“A

ssoc

iatio

nof

Reg

iona

lSci

entis

ts”,

and

calls

for

am

eetin

gat

the

Am

eric

anE

cono

mic

Ass

ocia

tion

mee

ting

inD

etro

itin

late

Dec

embe

r;th

isis

the

first

use

ofth

ete

rmre

gion

alsc

ienc

ein

corr

espo

nden

cew

ithth

isgr

oup,

and

may

bere

gard

edas

the

first

new

slet

ter

ofth

eR

egio

nalS

cien

ceA

ssoc

iatio

n.

1954

,Dec

embe

r27

–29

The

orga

nisa

tiona

lmee

ting

ofR

egio

nalS

cien

ceA

ssoc

iatio

nis

held

inD

etro

itin

conj

unct

ion

with

the

mee

tings

ofth

eA

mer

ican

Eco

nom

icA

ssoc

iatio

n,A

mer

ican

Ass

ocia

tion

for

the

Adv

ance

men

tof

Scie

nce,

the

Am

eric

anSt

atis

tical

Ass

ocia

tion

and

asso

ciat

edor

gani

satio

ns;a

nor

gani

satio

nalc

omm

ittee

isap

poin

ted.

Afu

llpr

ogra

mm

eof

25pa

pers

ispr

esen

ted

over

thre

eda

ys.

1955

,Fal

lV

olum

eO

neof

Pape

rsan

dP

roce

edin

gs,T

heR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

,is

issu

ed,e

dite

dby

Ger

ald

Car

roth

ers.

Vol

ume

one

incl

udes

the

Prog

ram

ofth

eD

ec.1

954

Mee

tings

and

the

Min

utes

ofth

eB

usin

ess

Mee

ting,

plus

18pa

pers

and

4ab

stra

cts

in31

1pa

ges.

Ori

gina

llyin

8/1 /

2×

11fo

rmat

,itw

asre

prin

ted

in19

57in

a7′

′ ×10

′′fo

rmat

.Car

roth

ers

cont

inue

sto

edit

Pape

rsth

roug

hth

e19

62vo

lum

e.T

hetit

lere

mai

ned

cons

tant

duri

ngth

ispe

riod

,but

the

proc

eedi

ngs

beca

me

smal

ler

and

ende

dal

toge

ther

in19

60.

1955

,Dec

embe

r28

–30

Ase

cond

busi

ness

mee

ting

ofth

eR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

ishe

ldto

cons

ider

the

prop

osed

cons

titut

ion,

publ

icat

ion

ofpa

pers

,and

nom

inat

ion

and

elec

tion

ofof

ficer

s,in

New

Yor

kC

ityin

conj

unct

ion

with

mee

tings

ofth

eA

mer

ican

Eco

nom

icA

ssoc

iatio

nan

das

soci

ated

orga

nisa

tions

.Afu

llpr

ogra

mm

eof

pape

rsis

pres

ente

d.

A short history of the field of regional science 49

1956

,Apr

il13

Isar

dan

noun

ces

ina

lette

rto

Reg

iona

lSci

entis

tsth

ees

tabl

ishm

ento

fthe

Ph.D

.pro

gram

me

inre

gion

alsc

ienc

eat

the

Uni

vers

ityof

Penn

syl-

vani

a.T

hepr

ogra

mm

eis

esta

blis

hed

inth

eW

hart

onSc

hool

,whi

chal

soho

uses

the

Eco

nom

ics,

Polit

ical

Scie

nce

and

Soci

olog

yD

epar

tmen

ts.

The

Cha

irof

the

prog

ram

me

isW

alte

rIs

ard,

who

join

sth

efa

culty

ofth

eE

cono

mic

sD

epar

tmen

t.T

hePr

ogra

mis

adm

inis

tere

dby

anin

ter-

disc

iplin

ary

com

mitt

eew

ithm

embe

rsfr

omec

onom

ics,

geog

raph

y,po

litic

alsc

ienc

e,ci

typl

anni

ng,a

ndci

vil

engi

neer

ing.

Acc

ompa

nyin

gIs

ard

toPh

ilade

lphi

aar

ehi

sPh

.D.s

tude

nts,

Ger

ald

Car

roth

ers

and

Ben

jam

inSt

even

s.C

arro

ther

san

dSt

even

sbe

com

efa

culty

mem

bers

inci

typl

anni

ngan

dre

gion

alsc

ienc

e,re

spec

tivel

y.

1956

,Jul

y7

The

prop

osed

cons

titut

ion

ofth

eR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

isdi

stri

bute

dto

the

part

icip

ants

inpa

stm

eetin

gs;

amon

got

her

item

sof

inte

rest

isth

est

atem

entt

hat“

the

RSA

isan

inte

rnat

iona

lass

ocia

tion”

.

1956

Tech

nolo

gyPr

ess

and

John

Wile

yan

dSo

nspu

blis

hL

ocat

ion

and

Spac

eE

cono

my

byW

alte

rIs

ard.

1956

,Sep

tem

ber

24T

heR

egio

nalS

cien

ceR

esea

rch

Inst

itute

ises

tabl

ishe

din

Phila

delp

hia

asa

non-

profi

t,in

depe

nden

tres

earc

hor

gani

satio

nby

Wal

ter

Isar

d,w

ithth

eas

sist

ance

ofB

enja

min

Stev

ens.

1956

,Aug

ust1

5T

heC

onst

itutio

nof

the

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Ass

ocia

tion

isra

tified

byth

em

embe

rshi

p.

1956

,Dec

embe

r27

–29

The

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Ass

ocia

tion

isfo

rmal

lyre

cogn

ised

asa

legi

timat

eso

cial

scie

nce

orga

nisa

tion

and

inco

rpor

ated

into

the

Alli

edSo

cial

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tions

for

the

mee

tings

inC

leve

land

;24

pape

rsar

epr

esen

ted.

1957

,Dec

embe

rT

heba

llotf

orof

ficer

sof

the

RSA

show

sW

alte

rIs

ard

asPr

esid

ent-

Ele

ct.U

ntil

this

time,

the

RSA

had

func

tione

dw

ithou

tele

cted

offic

ers.

1958

,Apr

ilJo

urna

lofR

egio

nalS

cien

ceis

foun

ded

byW

alte

rIs

ard,

and

publ

ishe

dby

the

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Res

earc

hIn

stitu

tein

co-o

pera

tion

with

the

Uni

vers

ityof

Penn

sylv

ania

.

1958

The

Uni

vers

ityof

Penn

sylv

ania

esta

blis

hes

the

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Dep

artm

entw

ithW

alte

rIs

ard

asC

hair

man

.

1959

The

MIT

Pres

san

dJo

hnW

iley

and

Sons

publ

ish

Indu

stri

alC

ompl

exA

naly

sis

and

Reg

iona

lDev

elop

men

tby

Wal

terI

sard

,Eug

ene

Scho

oler

and

Tho

mas

Vie

tori

sz.

1959

,Dec

embe

rT

hepo

sitio

nof

Hon

orar

yC

hair

man

ofth

eR

SAis

crea

ted

byan

amen

dmen

tto

the

Con

stitu

tion

atth

eB

usin

ess

Mee

ting

atth

eSi

xth

Ann

ual

Mee

tings

.

1960

,Sum

mer

Seve

ral

mee

tings

ofE

urop

ean

scho

lars

inte

rest

edin

regi

onal

scie

nce

are

orga

nise

dby

Wal

ter

Isar

dat

The

Hag

ue,P

aris

,Bel

lagi

o(I

taly

),Z

agre

b,W

arsa

w,S

tock

holm

and

Lun

d,in

som

eca

ses

aspa

rts

ofla

rger

conf

eren

ces.

1960

Will

iam

Alo

nso

isaw

arde

dth

efir

stPh

.D.

inre

gion

alsc

ienc

e.H

epr

ocee

dson

toan

illus

trio

usca

reer

atth

eU

nive

rsity

ofC

alif

orni

aat

Ber

kele

yan

dH

arva

rdU

nive

rsity

.

50 D. Boyce19

60T

heM

ITPr

ess

and

John

Wile

yan

dSo

nspu

blis

hM

etho

dsof

Reg

iona

lAna

lysi

sby

Wal

ter

Isar

dan

dot

hers

.

1960

,Dec

embe

rT

heR

SAC

onst

itutio

nis

amen

ded

tope

rmit

the

form

atio

nof

sect

ions

.

1961

,Jan

uary

31A

lette

rto

the

mem

bers

hip

repo

rts

onre

cent

elec

tions

for

1961

,inc

ludi

ngth

eel

ectio

nof

the

Hon

orar

yC

hair

man

,Wal

ter

Isar

d.

1961

,Mar

ch30

–Apr

il1

AtL

asV

egas

,mem

bers

ofth

eR

SAfo

rmth

eW

este

rnSe

ctio

nun

dert

hene

wly

adop

ted

Sect

ion

Six

ofth

eC

onst

itutio

n;th

ena

me

isch

ange

dto

the

Wes

tern

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Ass

ocia

tion

in19

67.

1961

,Sep

tem

ber

4–7

The

Firs

tE

urop

ean

Con

gres

sof

the

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eA

ssoc

iatio

nis

held

atT

heH

ague

.Pa

rtic

ipat

ion

incl

udes

122

scho

lars

from

29co

untr

ies.

1961

,Oct

ober

28A

mee

ting

ofR

SAm

embe

rsto

form

the

Mid

wes

tern

(U.S

.)Se

ctio

nis

held

atth

eU

nive

rsity

ofC

hica

go;

itis

subs

eque

ntly

rena

med

the

Mid

-Con

tinen

tSec

tion.

1961

,Nov

embe

r9

Mem

bers

ofth

eR

SAho

lda

mee

ting

atA

tlant

ato

orga

nise

the

Sout

heas

tern

Sect

ion.

The

sect

ion

expa

nds

tobe

com

eth

eSo

uthe

rnR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

in19

72.

1961

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eA

ssoc

iati

onD

irec

tory

,196

0–19

61,i

spu

blis

hed,

listin

g“a

ppro

xim

atel

y96

0m

embe

rs”.

No

othe

rm

embe

rshi

pdi

rect

ory

ispu

blis

hed

until

1992

.

1962

,Jun

e17

–Aug

ust9

The

Firs

tSum

mer

Inst

itute

inR

egio

nalS

cien

ceis

held

atth

eU

nive

rsity

ofC

alif

orni

aat

Ber

kele

yw

ith37

youn

gsc

hola

rspa

rtic

ipat

ing.

1962

,Nov

embe

r12

–14

The

Firs

tLat

inA

mer

ican

Con

gres

sof

the

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Ass

ocia

tion

ishe

ldat

Car

acas

with

near

ly10

0pa

rtic

ipan

ts.

1962

,Dec

embe

rT

heC

ounc

ilap

prov

esth

efo

rmat

ion

ofth

eJa

pan

and

Mid

wes

tern

(U.S

.)Se

ctio

ns.

1963

,Jun

e7–

8T

heFr

ench

Lan

guag

eR

egio

nalS

cien

ceA

ssoc

iatio

nm

eets

atB

orde

aux.

1962

Vol

ume

VII

Iof

Pape

rs,R

egio

nalS

cien

ceA

ssoc

iati

on,i

sis

sued

,edi

ted

byW

alte

rIs

ard

and

Tho

mas

Rei

ner,

with

10pa

pers

from

the

Firs

tE

urop

ean

Con

gres

sat

The

Hag

ue.

The

volu

me

incl

udes

aSu

mm

ary

Pape

rby

Isar

dan

dR

eine

r,w

hich

beca

me

are

gula

rfe

atur

eof

the

Eur

opea

nC

ongr

esse

sth

roug

h19

75.

1963

,Sep

tem

ber

11–1

4T

heFi

rstF

arE

astC

onfe

renc

eof

the

RSA

ishe

ldin

Toky

ow

ithov

er14

0pa

rtic

ipan

ts.

1963

,Oct

ober

19M

embe

rsof

the

RSA

mee

tatB

osto

nC

olle

geto

form

the

New

Eng

land

Sect

ion.

1963

,Nov

embe

r15

–17

The

Tent

hA

nnua

lMee

tings

ofth

eR

egio

nalS

cien

ceA

ssoc

iatio

nar

ehe

ldat

the

Uni

vers

ityof

Chi

cago

;the

seM

eetin

gsar

eth

efir

stto

behe

ldse

para

tely

from

the

Alli

edSo

cial

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tions

.Att

heB

usin

ess

Mee

ting

Isar

dre

port

son

the

form

atio

nof

the

Japa

n,M

idw

este

rn(U

.S.)

,Nor

den,

and

New

Eng

land

Sect

ions

.

1963

,Dec

embe

r6

The

Japa

nSe

ctio

nho

lds

itsfir

stm

eetin

gin

Kyo

to,f

ollo

win

gap

prov

alof

itsC

onst

itutio

n;m

embe

rshi

pis

repo

rted

tobe

150.

A short history of the field of regional science 51

1963

Vol

ume

XIo

fPap

ers

and

Pro

ceed

ings

,Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Ass

ocia

tion

isis

sued

,edi

ted

byM

orga

nT

hom

as.H

eed

ited

Pape

rsfr

omth

eN

orth

Am

eric

anM

eetin

gsfr

om19

63th

roug

h19

80.

1964

,Jun

e14

–Jul

y27

The

Seco

ndSu

mm

erIn

stitu

tein

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

ishe

ldat

the

Uni

vers

ityof

Cal

ifor

nia

atB

erke

ley.

1964

,Jul

y11

Am

eetin

gto

cons

ider

the

form

atio

nof

aB

ritis

hSe

ctio

nis

held

with

60pe

rson

sat

tend

ing;

how

ever

,th

ism

eetin

gev

entu

ally

lead

sto

the

form

atio

nof

the

Reg

iona

lSt

udie

sA

ssoc

iatio

n,in

part

beca

use

ofth

ecl

ause

inth

eR

SAco

nstit

utio

npr

even

ting

atte

mpt

sto

influ

ence

legi

slat

ion.

Stim

ulat

edpa

rtly

byre

gion

alsc

ienc

e,th

eR

egio

nalS

tudi

esA

ssoc

iatio

ngr

ows

into

asu

cces

sful

orga

nisa

tion

with

anin

tern

atio

nal

profi

lean

da

stro

ngjo

urna

l,R

egio

nalS

tudi

es.

1965

,Aug

ust2

1–23

Firs

tSca

ndin

avia

n-Po

lish

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Sem

inar

ishe

ldin

Szcz

ecin

,Pol

and.

1965

,Aug

ust3

0–Se

ptem

ber

2T

heFi

fth

Eur

opea

nC

ongr

ess

ofth

eR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

ishe

ldin

Cra

cow

,Po

land

,th

efir

stm

eetin

gof

the

Ass

ocia

tion

inan

east

ern

Eur

opea

nco

untr

y.Se

vera

leas

tern

Eur

opea

nsc

hola

rspr

esen

tpap

ers.

1965

Vol

ume

Iof

Pape

rsan

dP

roce

edin

gsof

the

Fir

stFa

rE

astC

onfe

renc

eof

the

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Ass

ocia

tion

isis

sued

,edi

ted

byG

enpa

chir

oK

onno

.

1965

,Dec

embe

r11

The

first

mee

ting

ofth

eG

erm

anSp

eaki

ngSe

ctio

n,in

the

proc

ess

offo

rmat

ion,

ishe

ld.T

hese

ctio

nC

onst

itutio

nis

appr

oved

inM

ay19

66.

1966

The

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

e–

Lan

dsca

peA

rchi

tect

ure

Proj

ect

ises

tabl

ishe

din

the

Gra

duat

eSc

hool

ofD

esig

n,H

arva

rdU

nive

rsity

unde

rth

edi

rect

ion

ofW

alte

rIs

ard.

Subs

eque

ntly

,Isa

rdes

tabl

ishe

sa

post

-doc

tora

lstu

dypr

ogra

min

regi

onal

scie

nce

atH

arva

rdU

nive

rsity

.

1967

Reg

iona

lsci

ence

inst

itute

sare

esta

blis

hed

atth

eU

nive

rsity

ofA

ix-M

arse

ille,

Cop

enha

gen

Scho

olof

Eco

nom

icsa

ndB

usin

essA

dmin

istr

atio

n,an

dth

eTe

chni

calU

nive

rsity

ofK

arls

ruhe

,Ger

man

y.

1967

,May

Cou

ncil

appr

oves

the

Con

stitu

tion

ofth

eB

razi

lian

Sect

ion;

Ant

enor

Silv

aN

egri

nile

ads

itsfo

rmat

ion.

1967

,Aug

ust2

6–27

The

first

mee

ting

ofth

eB

ritis

hSe

ctio

n,in

the

proc

ess

offo

rmat

ion,

ishe

ldin

Lon

don.

1967

,Sep

tem

ber

The

first

mee

ting

ofth

eIn

dian

Sect

ion,

inth

epr

oces

sof

form

atio

n,is

held

inK

hara

gpur

;sub

sequ

ently

,the

Con

stitu

tion

isap

prov

edan

dth

eIn

dian

Jour

nalo

fReg

iona

lSci

ence

isla

unch

ed.

1967

,Oct

ober

19Fi

rstm

eetin

gof

the

Gha

naSe

ctio

nof

the

RSA

ishe

ldin

Acc

ra,i

tsC

onst

itutio

nbe

ing

appr

oved

in19

66.

1967

,Oct

ober

29–3

1T

heA

rgen

tine

Sect

ion,

inth

epr

oces

sof

form

atio

n,m

eets

inC

ordo

ba;t

heC

onst

itutio

nis

appr

oved

in19

68.

1967

,Dec

embe

rT

heA

nnal

sof

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eis

initi

ated

byth

eW

este

rnR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion;

follo

win

g22

year

sof

publ

icat

ion

unde

rth

eed

itors

hip

ofM

icha

elM

isch

aiko

w,T

heA

nnal

sis

reor

gani

sed

asa

Spri

nger

jour

nal.

52 D. Boyce

1968

,Feb

ruar

y1–

4L

eade

rsof

the

Wes

tern

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eA

ssoc

iatio

nan

dth

eJa

pan

Sect

ion

ofth

eR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

mee

tat

San

Die

goan

dag

ree

toor

gani

seth

ePa

cific

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Con

fere

nce.

1968

,Aug

ust2

7–30

The

Eig

hth

Eur

opea

nC

ongr

ess

ishe

ldat

Bud

apes

t,th

efir

stC

ongr

ess

inw

hich

scho

lars

from

the

Sovi

etU

nion

asw

ell

asot

her

east

ern

Eur

opea

nC

ount

ries

part

icip

ate

insu

bsta

ntia

lnum

bers

.

1968

John

Parr

join

sth

eed

itors

ofPa

pers

from

the

Eur

opea

nC

ongr

esse

s,co

ntin

uing

his

term

thro

ugh

1975

,aft

erw

hich

Ian

Mas

ser

beco

mes

edito

rof

this

seri

es.

1969

Ane

wjo

urna

l,E

nvir

onm

enta

ndP

lann

ing,

isla

unch

edby

Pion

,edi

ted

byA

lan

Wils

on.D

escr

ibed

asan

“int

erna

tiona

ljou

rnal

ofur

ban

and

regi

onal

rese

arch

”,it

has

ast

rong

regi

onal

scie

nce

orie

ntat

ion,

whi

chla

teri

sin

tent

iona

llybr

oade

ned

toin

clud

em

any

styl

esan

dap

proa

ches

tore

sear

ch.

1969

,Aug

ust2

6–29

The

Firs

tPac

ific

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Con

fere

nce

ishe

ldin

Hon

olul

u;su

bseq

uent

ly,s

elec

ted

pape

rsar

epu

blis

hed

asP

roce

edin

gsof

the

Paci

ficR

egio

nalS

cien

ceC

onfe

renc

e.

1969

,Aug

ust2

6–29

The

Pres

iden

tialA

ddre

ssto

the

Ass

ocia

tion

isgi

ven

for

the

first

time

atth

eE

urop

ean

Con

gres

s.To

rste

nH

ager

stra

nd’s

addr

ess,

Wha

tabo

utPe

ople

inR

egio

nalS

cien

ce?,

will

beco

me

acl

assi

cpa

per

inth

efie

ldof

trav

elbe

havi

our

rese

arch

.

1969

,Sep

tem

ber

1T

heIt

alia

nSe

ctio

nof

the

RSA

isfo

rmed

inR

ome

inth

eca

taly

ticpr

esen

ceof

Wal

ter

Isar

d.

1969

,Nov

embe

r7–

9T

heSi

xtee

nth

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Mee

tings

are

held

inSa

nta

Mon

ica,

CA

.For

the

first

time,

thes

em

eetin

gsar

ede

sign

ated

asa

cont

inen

tal

mee

ting,

inco

-ord

inat

ion

with

the

Eur

opea

nC

ongr

ess

and

the

Paci

ficC

onfe

renc

e.A

lso,

cont

ribu

ted

pape

rs,

othe

rth

anPh

.D.d

isse

rtat

ion

pape

rs,a

resc

hedu

led

onth

epr

ogra

mm

efo

rth

efir

sttim

e.

1969

,Fal

lT

heH

unga

rian

Sect

ion,

inth

epr

oces

sof

form

atio

n,ho

lds

itsfir

stm

eetin

g.

1969

Lon

don

Pape

rsin

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

ispu

blis

hed

byPi

on,i

nco

-ope

ratio

nw

ithth

eB

ritis

hSe

ctio

n;af

tert

hean

nual

publ

icat

ion

of21

volu

mes

,it

isre

plac

edin

1991

with

Eur

opea

nR

esea

rch

inR

egio

nal

Scie

nce.

Rev

iew

ofR

egio

nal

Stud

ies

ispu

blis

hed

byth

eSo

uthe

aste

rnSe

ctio

n.T

heM

id-C

ontin

entS

ectio

nan

noun

ces

plan

sto

publ

ish

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Rev

iew

.Gen

eral

The

ory:

Soci

al,P

olit

ical

,Eco

nom

ican

dR

egio

nal

byW

alte

rIs

ard,

with

Tony

Smith

and

othe

rs,i

spu

blis

hed

byM

ITPr

ess.

1970

,Apr

ilR

SAN

ewsl

ette

ris

first

prod

uced

byof

fset

prin

ting,

repl

acin

gth

efo

rmer

mim

eogr

aph

proc

ess.

1970

,Jul

y20

–Aug

ust1

4T

heFi

rstA

dvan

ced

Stud

ies

Inst

itute

inR

egio

nalS

cien

ceis

held

atth

eTe

chni

calU

nive

rsity

ofK

arls

ruhe

,Ger

man

y.O

ver

40yo

ung

facu

ltyan

dpr

ofes

sion

als

atte

nd,t

oget

her

with

13se

nior

facu

ltyle

ctur

ers.

1971

,Mar

ch19

–21

The

Firs

tNor

thea

stR

egio

nalS

cien

ceC

onfe

renc

eis

held

inB

ingh

amto

n.E

arlie

r,th

eC

ounc

ilap

prov

edth

efo

rmat

ion

ofth

eM

iddl

eA

tlant

icSe

ctio

n,br

ingi

ngth

enu

mbe

rof

sect

ions

to19

.

A short history of the field of regional science 5319

71,M

ay27

The

new

lyfo

rmed

Aus

tral

ian

and

New

Zea

land

Sect

ion

hold

sits

first

mee

ting

atB

risb

ane.

1971

,Aug

ust2

8M

embe

rsof

the

RSA

inno

rthw

est

Eur

ope

mee

tat

Rot

terd

amto

form

the

Nor

thw

est

Eur

ope

Mul

tilin

gual

Sect

ion;

thei

rC

onst

itutio

nis

appr

oved

in19

73,f

ollo

win

ga

high

lysu

cces

sful

mee

ting

inA

ix-e

n-Pr

oven

ce.

1971

Reg

iona

lan

dU

rban

Eco

nom

ics:

Ope

rati

onal

Met

hods

isfo

unde

dby

Jean

Pael

inck

and

publ

ishe

dby

Nor

th-H

olla

ndPu

blis

hing

Co.

Ake

And

erss

onan

dW

alte

rIs

ard

are

appo

inte

dco

-edi

tors

in19

74,a

ndth

ejo

urna

lnam

eis

chan

ged

toR

egio

nalS

cien

cean

dU

rban

Eco

nom

ics.

1972

,Jan

uary

The

appr

oval

ofa

new

Ph.D

.fiel

din

regi

onal

scie

nce

isan

noun

ced

atC

orne

llU

nive

rsity

;apo

stdo

ctor

alre

sear

chpr

ogra

mm

eis

also

initi

ated

byW

alte

rIs

ard

and

Stan

Cza

man

ski.

1972

,Jul

y24

–Aug

ust1

1T

heSe

cond

Adv

ance

dSt

udie

sIn

stitu

tein

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

ishe

ldin

Kar

lsru

he,e

stab

lishi

ngth

eE

urop

ean

sum

mer

inst

itute

asa

regu

lar

bian

nual

even

tin

Eur

ope.

1972

,Nov

embe

r11

Att

heB

usin

ess

Mee

ting

ofth

eR

SA,I

sard

intr

oduc

eshi

spr

opos

alto

foun

da

new

jour

nalt

ofa

cilit

ate

publ

icat

ion

ofpa

pers

ofa

less

tech

nica

l,an

dpo

ssib

lyle

ssor

thod

ox,n

atur

eth

anfo

und

inJo

urna

lofR

egio

nalS

cien

ce.T

his

jour

nali

sla

unch

edin

1975

asth

eIn

tern

atio

nalR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Rev

iew

.

1973

,Jan

uary

RSA

New

slet

ter’

sG

uide

toR

egio

nalS

cien

cePu

blic

atio

nslis

tste

nse

rial

sfr

omre

gula

rmee

tings

ofth

eR

SA,a

ndfiv

epu

blis

hers

ofre

gion

alsc

ienc

ejo

urna

ls,b

ooks

and

mon

ogra

phs.

The

Gui

deto

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eD

egre

ePr

ogra

ms

lists

Ph.D

.pro

gram

mes

atC

orne

llan

dPe

nn,

and

spec

ialis

atio

nsat

Bri

stol

and

Kar

lsru

he.L

ater

that

year

,pos

t-gr

adua

tede

gree

prog

ram

mes

are

appr

oved

atB

ari(

Ital

y),a

ndL

iver

pool

.

1973

,Sep

tem

ber

6–7

The

Seco

ndA

ugus

tL

osch

Day

sar

ehe

ldin

Hei

denh

eim

,G

erm

any,

the

loca

tion

theo

rist

’sbi

rthp

lace

.T

hefir

stA

ugus

tL

osch

priz

esar

eaw

arde

dfo

rou

tsta

ndin

gre

gion

alsc

ienc

epu

blic

atio

nsin

Ger

man

.

1973

The

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Dis

sert

atio

nC

ompe

titio

nis

esta

blis

hed

byth

eU

.S.E

cono

mic

Dev

elop

men

tAdm

inis

trat

ion;

33en

trie

sar

ere

ceiv

edfo

rth

ree

priz

esof

$700

each

.

1974

,Aug

ust2

7–30

At

the

Bus

ines

sM

eetin

gof

the

14th

Eur

opea

nC

ongr

ess

inK

arls

ruhe

,yo

unge

rsc

hola

rspr

opos

eth

atth

eE

urop

ean

Con

gres

ssh

ould

beor

gani

sed

byE

urop

ean

scho

lars

,whi

chle

ads

toth

efo

rmat

ion

ofth

eE

urop

ean

Org

anis

ing

Com

mitt

ee(E

OC

)to

acce

ptre

spon

sibi

lity

for

plan

ning

and

host

ing

the

annu

alco

ngre

sses

.Iti

ssu

bseq

uent

lyag

reed

that

this

Com

mitt

eew

illsh

are

resp

onsi

bilit

yfo

ror

gani

sing

the

1976

Con

gres

s,an

dha

vein

crea

sing

resp

onsi

bilit

yfo

rthe

Con

gres

ses

ther

eaft

er.T

hefir

stC

ongr

ess

fully

orga

nise

dby

the

EO

Cis

held

inL

ondo

nin

1979

.

1975

The

Ann

ual

Gui

deto

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eD

egre

ePr

ogra

ms

lists

twel

vepo

st-g

radu

ate

prog

ram

mes

inN

orth

Am

eric

an,

Eur

ope,

Asi

a,an

dA

ustr

alia

.The

num

bero

fser

ialp

ublic

atio

nsw

ithpa

pers

from

conf

eren

ces

issi

x,pl

usei

ghtj

ourn

als

and

seve

ralm

onog

raph

and

book

seri

es.

1975

Inte

rnat

iona

lR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Rev

iew

isis

sued

byth

eA

ssoc

iatio

n,ed

ited

byW

alte

rIs

ard.

Subs

eque

ntly

,And

rew

Isse

rman

isap

poin

ted

edito

r,an

dde

velo

psR

evie

win

toon

eof

the

prin

cipa

lreg

iona

lsci

ence

jour

nals

.

54 D. Boyce

1976

Wal

terI

sard

isaw

arde

dan

hono

rary

degr

eeby

the

Pozn

anA

cade

my

ofE

cono

mic

s.Su

bseq

uent

ly,h

ere

ceiv

esho

nora

ryde

gree

sfro

mE

rasm

usU

nive

rsity

,Rot

terd

am,1

978;

Uni

vers

ityof

Kar

lsru

he,1

979;

Um

eaU

nive

rsity

,Sw

eden

,198

0;U

nive

rsity

ofIl

linoi

sat

Urb

ana-

Cha

mpa

ign,

1982

;Bin

gham

ton

Uni

vers

ity,1

997;

and

Uni

vers

ityof

Gen

eva,

2002

.

1976

,Oct

ober

7–9

The

Spai

nSe

ctio

nor

gani

ses

itsfir

stm

eetin

g,an

dits

Con

stitu

tion

issu

bseq

uent

lyap

prov

ed.

1976

,Nov

embe

r13

The

Cou

ncil

ofth

eR

SAag

rees

toth

epr

opos

alof

Isao

Ori

shim

oan

dot

hers

repr

esen

ting

the

Paci

ficR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Con

fere

nce

that

the

pape

rsfr

omth

ePa

cific

Con

fere

nce

bein

corp

orat

edin

toPa

pers

ofth

eR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

alon

gw

ithpa

pers

ofth

eN

orth

Am

eric

anM

eetin

gsan

dE

urop

ean

Con

gres

ses.

1977

,May

28–3

0T

heC

anad

ian

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eA

ssoc

iatio

nis

form

edan

dho

lds

itsfir

stm

eetin

gin

Hal

ifax

,in

conj

unct

ion

with

aco

nfer

ence

ofth

eN

orth

east

RSA

.

1977

,Jul

yD

avid

Boy

cem

oves

from

the

Uni

vers

ityof

Penn

sylv

ania

toth

eU

nive

rsity

ofIl

linoi

sat

Urb

ana-

Cha

mpa

ign,

whe

rehe

join

sG

eoff

rey

Hew

ings

,Art

hur

Get

is,A

ndre

wIs

serm

anan

dot

hers

inbu

ildin

gan

inte

rdis

cipl

inar

ygr

adua

tepr

ogra

mm

ein

regi

onal

scie

nce;

mor

eove

r,w

orki

ngw

ithH

ewin

gshe

begi

nsth

etr

ansf

erof

adm

inis

trat

ive

func

tions

ofth

eR

SAfr

omPh

ilade

lphi

a,a

proc

ess

that

isco

mpl

eted

ten

year

sla

ter

in19

87.

1977

,Nov

embe

r12

The

Cou

ncil

ofth

eR

SApr

opos

esa

Con

stitu

tiona

lam

endm

ent

topr

ovid

efo

rco

mm

ittee

sto

orga

nise

conf

eren

ces

inm

ajor

regi

ons,

late

rla

belle

dsu

prar

egio

nalo

rgan

isat

ions

,and

topu

blis

hPa

pers

from

thes

eco

nfer

ence

s.

1978

,Aug

ust6

–18

The

Adv

ance

dSt

udie

sIn

stitu

tein

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

isre

sum

edat

Sieg

en,G

erm

any

unde

rthe

lead

ersh

ipof

Pete

rFri

edri

ch,i

nco

llabo

ratio

nw

ithW

alte

rB

uhr,

Rol

fFu

nck

and

othe

rs.F

ried

rich

also

orga

nise

sin

stitu

tes

atB

ambu

rg(1

984)

and

Mun

ich

(199

8),a

ndbe

com

esa

lead

ing

supp

orte

rof

the

inst

itute

seri

es.

1978

,Nov

embe

r10

The

RSA

Foun

der’

sM

edal

isin

stitu

ted

and

pres

ente

dto

Wal

ter

Isar

dat

25th

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Mee

tings

.

1978

,Nov

embe

r11

The

Cou

ncil

ofth

eR

SAap

prov

esth

epr

opos

alof

Bar

clay

Jone

sto

esta

blis

hth

eR

egio

nalS

cien

ceA

rchi

ves

atC

orne

llU

nive

rsity

Lib

rary

.Jo

nes

isap

poin

ted

Arc

hivi

stof

the

RSA

.

1978

,Dec

embe

rD

avid

Boy

ceen

dshi

sth

ird

thre

e-ye

arte

rmas

Secr

etar

yof

the

RSA

,tur

ning

his

dutie

sov

erto

Geo

ffre

yH

ewin

gs;h

owev

er,h

eco

ntin

ues

tose

rve

asor

gani

ser

ofth

eN

orth

Am

eric

anM

eetin

gs,w

hich

hebe

gan

in19

69an

dw

illco

ntin

ueth

roug

h19

89,w

hen

the

orga

nisa

tiona

lst

ruct

ure

ofth

ose

mee

tings

isre

form

ed.

1978

The

Inst

itute

ofPu

blic

Aff

airs

atD

alho

usie

Uni

vers

ityco

mm

ence

spu

blic

atio

nof

Can

adia

nJo

urna

lofR

egio

nalS

cien

ce.

1979

,May

The

activ

eR

SAse

ctio

ns,a

ssoc

iatio

nsan

dco

nfer

ence

orga

nisa

tions

are

asfo

llow

s:A

ustr

alia

nan

dN

ewZ

eala

nd;B

ritis

h;C

anad

ian;

Dut

ch;

Fren

chL

angu

age;

Ger

man

Spea

king

;Hun

gari

an;I

ndia

n;It

alia

n;Ja

pan;

Mid

-Con

tinen

t;N

orde

n;N

orth

east

;Sou

ther

n;W

este

rn.

A short history of the field of regional science 5519

79,A

ugus

tT

heSi

xth

Paci

ficC

onfe

renc

eis

orga

nise

dby

T.Jo

hnK

imon

very

shor

tnot

ice,

and

held

succ

essf

ully

atSe

oul,

Kor

ea;i

tis

the

first

ofm

any

conf

eren

ces

and

wor

ksho

psor

gani

sed

byK

imin

Kor

eaan

dA

sia.

1979

Wal

ter

Isar

dm

oves

from

the

Uni

vers

ityof

Penn

sylv

ania

toC

orne

llU

nive

rsity

.

1980

,May

The

Polis

hSe

ctio

nis

form

edw

ithin

the

Polis

hA

cade

my

ofSc

ienc

esat

War

saw

.

1980

,Jun

e14

–25

The

Firs

tWor

ldC

ongr

ess

ishe

ldat

Cam

brid

ge,U

SA.T

heor

gani

sing

com

mitt

eeco

nsis

tsof

Wal

terI

sard

,Ger

ald

Kar

aska

and

Dav

idB

oyce

,as

sist

edby

regi

onal

scie

nce

grad

uate

stud

ents

from

Cor

nell

Uni

vers

ity.

1980

The

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Res

earc

hIn

stitu

teis

relo

cate

dto

Am

hers

t,M

Aby

Ben

jam

inSt

even

s.

1981

,May

The

RSA

New

slet

ter

show

sth

ere

turn

addr

ess

asth

eO

bser

vato

ryat

the

Uni

vers

ityof

Illin

ois

atU

rban

a-C

ham

paig

n,de

notin

gth

eop

enin

gof

the

RSA

offic

eth

ere.

1981

Vol

ume

46of

Pape

rsof

the

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eA

ssoc

iati

onfr

omth

ePa

cific

Con

fere

nce

isis

sued

.T

his

volu

me

from

the

Sixt

hPa

cific

Con

fere

nce

in19

79,e

dite

dby

Hir

otad

aK

ohno

and

Rod

ney

Jens

en,i

ncor

pora

tes

the

Paci

ficC

onfe

renc

ein

toth

eN

orth

Am

eric

anM

eetin

gsan

dE

urop

ean

Con

gres

sse

ries

.

1982

,Sep

tem

ber

11W

olfg

ang

Stol

per

rece

ives

the

Aug

ustL

osch

Hon

our

Rin

gfr

omth

eC

ityof

Hei

denh

eim

,Ger

man

y;To

rste

nH

ager

stra

ndre

ceiv

esth

eR

ing

in19

86,W

alte

rIs

ard

in19

88,a

ndK

azim

ierz

Dzi

ewon

skii

n19

92.

1983

,Aug

ust

The

Kor

ean

Sect

ion

ofth

eR

SAis

form

edin

Seou

l.

1983

,Nov

embe

r12

Mar

tinB

eckm

ann

isaw

arde

dth

ese

cond

Foun

der’

sM

edal

ofth

eR

SAat

the

30th

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Mee

tings

inC

hica

go.

1984

,Jun

e4–

15T

heSe

cond

Wor

ldC

ongr

ess

ofth

eR

SAis

held

atE

rasm

usU

nive

rsity

,Rot

terd

am.

1985

,May

19–2

2T

hefir

stre

gula

rm

eetin

gof

the

Isra

eliR

SAis

held

,and

the

Stat

ues

ofA

ssoc

iatio

nar

ead

opte

d.

1985

,Nov

embe

r15

At

the

32nd

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Mee

tings

,the

Uni

vers

ityof

Penn

sylv

ania

isre

cogn

ised

for

itsro

lein

nurt

urin

gth

efie

ldof

regi

onal

scie

nce

thro

ugh

the

esta

blis

hmen

tof

grad

uate

and

unde

rgra

duat

epr

ogra

mm

es.H

elen

Woo

d,w

host

affe

dth

eR

SA’s

adm

inis

trat

ive

offic

efr

omth

eea

rly

1960

sto

1986

isho

nour

edfo

rhe

rde

dica

ted

serv

ice.

1987

The

adm

inis

trat

ive

offic

eof

the

RSA

mov

esfr

omPh

ilade

lphi

ato

the

Uni

vers

ityof

Illin

ois

atU

rban

a-C

ham

paig

n;B

eth

Car

bonn

eau

assu

mes

resp

onsi

bilit

yfo

rm

embe

rshi

pre

cord

s,in

addi

tion

tohe

rot

her

dutie

s.

1987

,Aug

ust3

1–Se

ptem

ber

2T

hefir

stm

eetin

gof

the

Tur

kish

Sect

ion

ishe

ld.

1987

,Nov

embe

r8

Apa

nel

disc

ussi

onon

the

reor

gani

satio

nof

the

RSA

ishe

ldat

the

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Mee

tings

inB

altim

ore.

The

pane

lco

nsis

tsof

:D

avid

Boy

ce,C

hair

,Pet

erN

ijkam

p,E

urop

ean

Con

gres

s;N

orm

anG

lickm

an,N

orth

Am

eric

anM

eetin

gs;a

ndL

ayG

ibso

n,Pa

cific

Con

fere

nce.

56 D. Boyce19

88,N

ovem

ber

10A

mee

ting

ofle

ader

sof

the

five

sect

ions

inN

orth

Am

eric

a,an

dlo

ng-t

erm

part

icip

ants

inth

eN

orth

Am

eric

anM

eetin

gsis

held

inTo

ront

oto

expl

ore

the

form

atio

nof

the

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Cou

ncil

(NA

RSC

).T

heC

ounc

il,pa

ralle

ling

the

prev

ious

esta

blis

hmen

tof

the

Eur

opea

nO

rgan

isin

gC

omm

ittee

and

the

Paci

ficR

egio

nalS

cien

ceC

onfe

renc

eO

rgan

isat

ion,

will

take

resp

onsi

bilit

yfo

rthe

orga

nisa

tion

ofth

eN

orth

Am

eric

anM

eetin

gs.T

heco

ncep

tof

the

Cou

ncil

ispr

esen

ted

toth

epa

rtic

ipan

tsof

the

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Mee

tings

onN

ov.1

1at

aFo

rum

onth

eFu

ture

ofth

eR

SAch

aire

dby

Dav

idB

oyce

.

1989

,Apr

il2–

7T

heT

hird

Wor

ldC

ongr

ess

ofth

eR

SAis

held

inJe

rusa

lem

.

1989

,Aug

ust

The

Rev

ised

Con

stitu

tion

ofth

eR

SAis

pres

ente

dto

the

mem

bers

hip

for

appr

oval

;th

eC

onst

itutio

npr

opos

esre

nam

ing

the

RSA

asth

eR

egio

nal

Scie

nce

Ass

ocia

tion

Inte

rnat

iona

l(R

SAI)

with

thre

esu

prar

egio

nal

orga

nisa

tions

resp

onsi

ble

for

adm

inis

teri

ngth

ere

gula

rin

tern

atio

nal

mee

tings

ofth

eA

ssoc

iatio

n:th

eE

urop

ean

Org

anis

ing

Com

mitt

ee;

the

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eC

ounc

il;an

dth

ePa

cific

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eC

onfe

renc

eO

rgan

isat

ion.

The

RSA

Ico

ntin

ues

asth

epr

imar

ym

embe

rshi

por

gani

satio

nof

the

field

ofre

gion

alsc

ienc

e;in

addi

tion,

sect

ions

and

subr

egio

nala

ssoc

iatio

nsco

ntin

ueto

hold

mee

tings

and

publ

ish

proc

eedi

ngs

and

jour

nals

,as

desi

red.

The

cons

titut

ion

isap

prov

edan

dim

plem

enta

tion

begi

nsin

1990

.

1989

,Nov

embe

r10

The

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eC

ounc

ilis

orga

nise

dat

the

Ann

ual

Mee

tings

inSa

nta

Bar

bara

.The

new

lyfo

rmed

Cou

ncil

take

sov

erth

eor

gani

satio

nof

the

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Mee

tings

inB

osto

nin

1990

.Att

heC

ounc

ilm

eetin

g,th

eC

onst

itutio

nof

the

Chi

nese

Reg

iona

lSc

ienc

eA

ssoc

iatio

n,Ta

iwan

,is

appr

oved

.

1990

The

final

volu

me

ofPa

pers

ofth

eR

egio

nalS

cien

ceA

ssoc

iati

onis

sued

asa

seri

alap

pear

sas

Vol

ume

69(1

990)

.Beg

inni

ngw

ithV

olum

e70

,th

epu

blic

atio

nis

re-t

itled

Pape

rsin

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

,ajo

urna

lwith

four

num

bers

per

year

.Dav

idPl

ane

isap

poin

ted

Edi

tor-

in-C

hief

.

1990

,May

Pete

rN

ijkam

pis

nom

inat

edto

serv

eas

the

first

Pres

iden

tof

the

RSA

I,a

two-

year

term

com

men

cing

in19

91.

1990

,Jul

y9–

13T

heFi

rstP

RSC

OSu

mm

erIn

stitu

teis

held

inB

andu

ng,I

ndon

esia

,con

tinui

ngon

abi

annu

alba

sis.

1991

,May

The

activ

eR

SAIs

ectio

ns,a

ssoc

iatio

nsan

dco

nfer

ence

orga

nisa

tions

are

asfo

llow

s:A

ustr

alia

nan

dN

ewZ

eala

nd;B

ritis

han

dIr

ish;

Can

adia

n;D

utch

;Fre

nch

Lan

guag

e;G

erm

anSp

eaki

ng;H

unga

rian

;Ind

ian;

Isra

eli;

Ital

ian;

Japa

n;K

orea

n;M

id-C

ontin

ent;

Nor

den;

Nor

thea

st;P

olis

h;So

uthe

rn;T

urki

sh;W

este

rn;a

ndth

eA

pplie

dR

egio

nalS

cien

ceC

onfe

renc

e,Ja

pan.

1991

,Aug

ust

The

new

logo

ofth

eR

SAI,

acl

uste

rof

four

hexa

gons

,is

intr

oduc

edin

the

RSA

IN

ews.

1991

,Nov

embe

r9

Will

iam

Alo

nso

isaw

arde

dth

eth

ird

Foun

der’

sM

edal

ofth

eR

SAI

onth

eoc

casi

onof

the

38th

Nor

thA

mer

ican

Mee

tings

atN

ewO

rlea

ns.

1992

,May

26–3

0T

heFo

urth

Wor

ldC

ongr

ess

ofth

eR

SAI

ishe

ldin

Palm

ade

Maj

orca

,Spa

in.

1992

,Oct

ober

The

first

mee

ting

ofth

eC

hine

seSe

ctio

nis

held

inB

eijin

g.

1992

,Dec

embe

rR

SAI

Dir

ecto

ry19

92is

publ

ishe

d,th

efir

stdi

rect

ory

ofth

eas

soci

atio

nsi

nce

1960

–196

1;D

irec

tory

ispu

blis

hed

bian

nual

ly,1

994–

1998

,an

dth

enpl

aced

onth

eR

SAI

web

site

.

A short history of the field of regional science 5719

93,D

ecem

ber

The

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Dep

artm

enta

tthe

Uni

vers

ityof

Penn

sylv

ania

iscl

osed

;the

grad

uate

degr

eepr

ogra

mm

ein

regi

onal

scie

nce

cont

inue

s.W

ithno

facu

ltym

embe

rin

loca

tion

theo

ry,h

owev

er,t

hefa

culty

deci

deno

tto

adm

itne

wst

uden

ts.

1995

,Nov

embe

r11

Bet

hC

arbo

nnea

u,A

ssis

tant

Dir

ecto

roft

heR

SAI,

rece

ives

aSp

ecia

lRec

ogni

tion

Aw

ard

atth

e42

ndN

orth

Am

eric

anM

eetin

gs,i

nre

cogn

ition

ofhe

rde

dica

ted

serv

ice.

1996

,May

2–6

The

Fift

hW

orld

Con

gres

sis

held

inTo

kyo,

with

the

open

ing

cere

mon

yat

tend

edby

the

Em

pero

ran

dE

mpr

ess

ofJa

pan.

On

this

occa

sion

,Je

anPa

elin

ckis

awar

ded

the

four

thFo

unde

r’s

Med

alof

the

RSA

I.

1997

,Jan

uary

1K

iera

nD

onag

hybe

com

esth

ese

cond

Exe

cutiv

eD

irec

toro

fthe

RSA

I,su

ccee

ding

Geo

ffre

yH

ewin

gs,w

hose

rved

first

asSe

cret

ary

begi

nnin

gin

1978

,and

then

asth

efir

stE

xecu

tive

Dir

ecto

r,fr

omJa

nuar

y19

90w

hen

the

new

Con

stitu

tion

took

effe

ct.I

nhi

sre

mar

kson

the

end

ofhi

s18

-yea

rte

nure

,Hew

ings

laud

sth

ede

dica

ted

serv

ice

ofB

eth

Car

bonn

eau,

Ass

ista

ntD

irec

tor,

and

H.F

.“B

ill”

Will

iam

son,

Jr.,

Man

agin

gE

dito

rof

Pape

rsof

the

RSA

I.

1997

,Mar

ch13

The

Indo

nesi

anR

egio

nalS

cien

ceA

ssoc

iatio

nis

foun

ded

inJa

kart

a.

1997

,Aug

ust

Pete

rB

atey

,Pre

side

ntof

RSA

I,ch

airs

ata

skgr

oup

that

reco

mm

ends

toth

eR

SAI

Cou

ncil

that

arra

ngem

ents

bem

ade

tom

ove

Pape

rsin

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

toa

com

mer

cial

publ

ishe

r.A

fter

cons

ider

ing

bids

from

thre

epu

blis

hers

,the

Cou

ncil

choo

ses

Spri

nger

.

1997

,Dec

embe

rD

avid

Boy

ceis

appo

inte

dth

ese

cond

Arc

hivi

stof

the

RSA

I,fo

llow

ing

the

deat

hof

Bar

clay

Jone

s,th

eFo

undi

ngA

rchi

vist

,ata

ge72

.

1997

,Dec

embe

r9

Ben

jam

inH

.Ste

vens

,ale

ader

inth

efie

ldof

sinc

e19

53,f

acul

tym

embe

rin

regi

onal

scie

nce

atth

eU

nive

rsity

ofPe

nnsy

lvan

ia,1

956–

1972

,an

dpu

blis

her

ofJo

urna

lofR

egio

nalS

cien

ce,d

ies

atag

e68

.

1998

The

RSA

Iw

ebpa

geis

esta

blis

hed

byR

anda

llJa

ckso

n;th

esi

teis

curr

ently

foun

dat

ww

w.r

egio

nals

cien

ce.o

rg.

1999

,Feb

ruar

y11

Will

iam

Alo

nso,

the

hold

erof

the

first

Ph.D

.in

regi

onal

scie

nce,

reci

pien

tof

the

Foun

der’

sM

edal

,and

the

auth

orof

man

ydi

stin

guis

hed

cont

ribu

tions

toth

efie

ld,d

ies

atag

e66

.

2000

,Jan

uary

An

Inte

rnat

iona

lSym

posi

umon

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

ishe

ldin

Port

Eliz

abet

h,So

uth

Afr

ica

atw

hich

inte

rnat

iona

lsch

olar

san

dSo

uth

Afr

ican

scho

lars

mee

tfor

the

first

time,

lead

ing

toa

deci

sion

byth

eR

SAI

Cou

ncil

toho

ldth

e20

04W

orld

Con

gres

sin

Port

Eliz

abet

h.

2000

,May

16–2

0T

heSi

xth

Wor

ldC

ongr

ess

ishe

ldin

Lug

ano.

On

this

occa

sion

,Dav

idB

oyce

isaw

arde

dth

efif

thFo

unde

r’s

Med

alof

the

RSA

I.

2002

,Feb

ruar

y17

The

RSA

IC

ounc

ilap

prov

esa

prop

osal

tocr

eate

am

embe

rshi

pca

tego

ryof

Fello

ws

ofth

eR

SAI.

The

Cou

ncil

desi

gnat

esliv

ing

reci

pien

tsof

the

Foun

der’

sM

edal

asth

ein

augu

ralg

roup

ofFe

llow

sof

the

RSA

I:W

alte

rIs

ard;

Mar

tinB

eckm

ann;

Jean

Pael

inck

;and

Dav

idB

oyce

.

2003

,Jan

uary

1G

raha

mC

lark

esu

ccee

dsK

iera

nD

onag

hyas

Exe

cutiv

eD

irec

tor

ofth

eR

SAI,

follo

win

gsi

xye

ars

ofde

dica

ted

serv

ice.

2003

,Nov

embe

r20

–22

Aco

mm

emor

ativ

eco

pyof

this

spec

iali

ssue

ofPa

pers

inR

egio

nalS

cien

ceis

pres

ente

dto

Wal

ter

Isar

dat

the

50th

Ann

ualN

orth

Am

eric

anM

eetin

gsof

the

Reg

iona

lSci

ence

Ass

ocia

tion

Inte

rnat

iona

l.