19
Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA 1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ * , Mihai FLOREA ** Preliminary The village of Ardeu (pl. I) is well known in the archaeological world for discoveries belonging to different epochs. In 2001 the field investigations were resumed and since then, some research reports, 2 studies 3 and archaeological notes 4 have been published. The site has also been subject to many scientific presentations on local, national and international Colloquia and Conferences. 5 All of these were good opportunities for us to present different aspects regarding the everyday life of the Dacians, revealed through archaeological research. The archaeological investigations of the “Cetăţuie Hill” in Ardeu were started in 1973, by Larisa Nemoianu from National Museum of Romanian History, who organized a short field campaign. The report that followed the excavations, published alongside Ioan Andriţoiu, proves the good collaboration between National Museum of Romanian History from Bucharest and Museum from Deva. 6 Their study described the general aspects of the archaeological campaign and some of the artifacts discovered. In the current paper, we will try to present an unpublished artifact discovered most probably in the 1973 campaign. The object in discussion is a small spiral made of silver. 7 Description of the piece The spiral (composed of five and a half loops) is made from a silver wire (pl. II/1). Most likely, the object was already broken when it was discovered, but the affixing marks are still visible. The adornment is being stored by National Museum 1 We have to thank to Andrei Georgescu for the proofreading. * Roman and Dacian Civilisation Museum Deva; e-mail: [email protected]. ** National Museum of Romanian History; e-mail: [email protected]. 2 Pescaru et alii 2002; Ferencz et alii 2003; Ferencz et alii 2004; Ferencz et alii 2005; Ferencz et alii 2010; Ferencz et alii 2011. 3 Bodó, Ferencz 2003; Ferencz, Dima 2009; Ferencz, Gurgu-Ţîrdoiu 2009; Ferencz, Roman 2010; Ferencz 2010a; Ferencz 2010b; Ferencz 2012a; Ferencz 2012b; Ferencz 2012c. 4 Ferencz, Bodó 2003; Ferencz 2003; Ferencz 2005; Ferencz 2006; Ferencz 2010c. 5 See, for example, Ferencz 2012a, p. 70, footnote no. 3. 6 Nemoianu, Andriţoiu 1975. 7 We have to thank to Dr. George Trohani because he pointed out to us, the existence of the piece and to dr. Ernest Oberlander-Târnoveanu, the general manager of National Museum of Romanian History from Bucharest for granting us permision to study the piece. We have to mention that Liviu Mărghitan pointed in 1976 to the existence of one or more silver objects discovered at Ardeu, without further details: Mărghitan 1976, p. 70, no. 5. Although we do not know for sure, we believe that he was referring to the object in discussion.

A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    4

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236

A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1

Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Preliminary The village of Ardeu (pl. I) is well known in the archaeological world for discoveries belonging to different epochs. In 2001 the field investigations were resumed and since then, some research reports,2 studies3 and archaeological notes4 have been published. The site has also been subject to many scientific presentations on local, national and international Colloquia and Conferences.5 All of these were good opportunities for us to present different aspects regarding the everyday life of the Dacians, revealed through archaeological research.

The archaeological investigations of the “Cetăţuie Hill” in Ardeu were started in 1973, by Larisa Nemoianu from National Museum of Romanian History, who organized a short field campaign. The report that followed the excavations, published alongside Ioan Andriţoiu, proves the good collaboration between National Museum of Romanian History from Bucharest and Museum from Deva.6 Their study described the general aspects of the archaeological campaign and some of the artifacts discovered. In the current paper, we will try to present an unpublished artifact discovered most probably in the 1973 campaign. The object in discussion is a small spiral made of silver.7

Description of the piece The spiral (composed of five and a half loops) is made from a silver wire (pl. II/1). Most likely, the object was already broken when it was discovered, but the affixing marks are still visible. The adornment is being stored by National Museum

1 We have to thank to Andrei Georgescu for the proofreading. * Roman and Dacian Civilisation Museum Deva; e-mail: [email protected]. ** National Museum of Romanian History; e-mail: [email protected]. 2 Pescaru et alii 2002; Ferencz et alii 2003; Ferencz et alii 2004; Ferencz et alii 2005; Ferencz et alii 2010; Ferencz et alii 2011. 3 Bodó, Ferencz 2003; Ferencz, Dima 2009; Ferencz, Gurgu-Ţîrdoiu 2009; Ferencz, Roman 2010; Ferencz 2010a; Ferencz 2010b; Ferencz 2012a; Ferencz 2012b; Ferencz 2012c. 4 Ferencz, Bodó 2003; Ferencz 2003; Ferencz 2005; Ferencz 2006; Ferencz 2010c. 5 See, for example, Ferencz 2012a, p. 70, footnote no. 3. 6 Nemoianu, Andriţoiu 1975. 7 We have to thank to Dr. George Trohani because he pointed out to us, the existence of the piece and to dr. Ernest Oberlander-Târnoveanu, the general manager of National Museum of Romanian History from Bucharest for granting us permision to study the piece. We have to mention that Liviu Mărghitan pointed in 1976 to the existence of one or more silver objects discovered at Ardeu, without further details: Mărghitan 1976, p. 70, no. 5. Although we do not know for sure, we believe that he was referring to the object in discussion.

Page 2: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai Florea

228

of Romanian History, in Bucharest (inv. no: 137282) and has the following characteristics:

- Wire thickness (W) = 0.88 mm; - Diametermax ext = 17.12 mm; - Diametermax int = 13.94 mm; - Hmax = 12 mm; - Hmin = 9.70 mm; - Lenghtaprox wire = 253 mm;8 - Weight: 3.56 g. The piece was made by hammering and judging by the marks of abrasion

visible on its surface, it was probably used intensively.

Metallographical analysis Based on the test report (X-Rays measurements, made by an InnovX α Series portable device with anticathode of Wolfram 30kV and 40 μA; exposure time 60”),9 we identified the following chemical composition:

Ag 93.74 ± 0.28 92.99 ± 0.31 Cu 3.96 ± 0.08 4.50 ± 0.09 Pb 0.87 ± 0.04 1.14 ± 0.05 Au 0.24 ± 0.02 0.26 ± 0.02 Sn 1.5 ± 0.18 Bi 0.14 ± 0.02

Engineer Migdonia Georgescu, comparing the analyses taken from Roman

Republican Denarii coming from the hoard found at Mihai Bravu (not far from Bucharest)10 with the chemical composition of the silver spiral from Ardeu noticed significant similarities concerning the weight and the chemicals. These similarities could suggest the possibility that some of the adornments were made using melted Roman silver.11 The coins analyzed from the hoard discovered at Mihai Bravu had the following chemical composition:

8 The lenght of the silver wire was determined based on a formula used to calculate a spool spiral, where the calculated parameters are very close to the ones belonging to our piece. Based on the diametermax int, the thickness of the wire and the distance between the wires, we estimate about 4.6 cm/spiral x 5.5 spirals = 25.3 cm/253 mm. 9 The analyses were made on two different areas of the piece on the National Center for Researches and Physical-Chemical and Biological Investigations Laboratory from the National Museum of History in Bucharest by engineer Migdonia Georgescu on 20th February 2012. The same scientist analyzed three coins coming from the Mihai Bravu hoard. We would like to thank for her kindness. 10 Mitrea 1968, p. 373-379. About the Roman Republican Denarii discovered in the Barbaricum, see also: Grueber 1970; Borić-Brešcović, Popović 2006; Crawford 1977. We would like to thank to Tudor Alexandru Marin from the Numismathic Department in the National Museum of Romanian History from Bucharest, for allowing us to study the coins, suggestions and for the bibliographical support. 11 Florin Medeleţ considered that it is less likely that coins were used as raw material for manufacturing adornments (Medeleţ 1994, p. 215). The similarities between the chemical composition of the pieces analysed could proove a good argument for reopening the discussions regarding the origin of the silver used for creating Dacian jewelry, see Medeleţ 1994, p. 194-196. The

Page 3: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

A Small Silver Spiral from Ardeu-Romania

229

Inv. no. 2965 Inv. no. 2966 Inv. no. 2987 Ag: 99.1 Ag: 99.27 Ag: 97.3 Cu: marks Cu: marks Cu: 1 Pb: 0.4 Pb: 0.3 Pb: 0.4 Au: marks Au: marks Au: 0.6 Sn: – Sn: - Sn: – Bi: marks Bi: marks Bi: 0.1 Fe: 0.3 Fe: 0.3 Fe: 0.3

Analogies, functionalities and dating Bronze and silver spirals were discovered in Dacian settlements and hill forts, but were also found in hoards alongside other pieces.12 The most numerous ones are dated at the end of the first century BC and during the entire first century AD.13 The piece belongs to the type 4a in the typological frame defined by Aurel Rustoiu.14 The closest analogies (regarding space and time) are those from Sărăcsău,15 a village located on the right bank of Mureş river, about 15 km South-East from Ardeu. It is worth mentioning that the silver hoard discovered at Sărăcsău had a suit of adornment pieces and jewelry (fibulas, torqueses, bracelets and small spirals). The entire ensemble was dated in the second half of the first century BC.16

Concerning the functionality of this type of pieces, Florin Medeleţ argued that most of them were used as a hair adornment for women, even if sometimes they could have had other usages,17 like perhaps finger rings.18 Considering the diameter of the piece discovered at Ardeu, we think it is more likely that it was used as a hair ornament.

The pieces in the hoard discovered in Sărăcsău were interpreted as metal garnishments of some ceremonial feminine costumes.19 Women representations were found in the area inhabited in ancient times by the Dacians. Some of them, like those showed on the phalerae from Lupu20 seem to wear their hair as plaits.21

coins from the Mihai Bravu hoard were minted since the end of the 3rd century or more possible from the first half of the 2nd century BC until the end of the first quarter of the first century BC (Mitrea 1968, p. 373). The last coin from the hoard is preceding the period of the maximum usage of the silver spirals (Rustoiu 1996, p. 109). We also have to mention that in 2001 a Roman coin emitted by Caius Norbanus was discovered at Ardeu (pl. II/2), see Bodó, Ferencz 2003, p. 152. A similar coin was found in the hoard from Mihai Bravu too (Mitrea 1968, p. 376, no. 51, pl. III). 12 Rustoiu 1996, p. 108-109 with references. 13 Ibid., p. 109. 14 Rustoiu 1996, p. 108. 15 Floca 1956, p. 13-14, fig. 13. 16 Ibid., p. 17. 17 Medeleţ 1994, p. 216. 18 Rustoiu 1996, p. 109. 19 Medeleţ 1994, p. 217. 20 Moga 1994. 21 Glodariu, Moga 1994, fig. 9-10; Spânu 1996, p. 44, fig. 1-3.

Page 4: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai Florea

230

The same kind of hair style was found on another representation, namely a fragmentary clay vessel from Popeşti (Argeş County, Romania),22 and possibly on a belt, also discovered at Popeşti.23

Unfortunately, the archaeological context of the piece is missing. The only information we possess is that the object comes from Ardeu. Thus, we consider that the spiral can be dated throughout the entire lifespan of the fortified settlement, which starts from the first century BC and ends with Trajan’s Dacian war.24

Final remarks Due to the lack of archaeological context, the precise dating of the discovery is impossible. The only reference in the inventory register mentions that the piece comes from Ardeu. The text published by Larisa Nemoianu and Ioan Andriţoiu informs us that in July 1973 a small scale investigation of the hill fort took place: “... four trenches and four square grids, three trenches on top of the hill and the other one plus all the square grids, on the eastern slope, which was less abrupt”.25 We identified some old trenches on the top of the hill (pl. III/2, those marked in white) possibly dating from the campaign in 1973. We do not know if the silver spiral presented by us was discovered on the top of the hill or on the eastern slope but, if we are considering the possibility that the piece was made of silver coming from melted Roman coins, we have to mention the discovery of evidence proving the existence of one or two workshops at Ardeu.26

O mică spirală de argint descoperită la Ardeu

(rezumat)

Satul Ardeu (pl. I) este cunoscut în literatura arheologică pentru descoperirile aparţinând mai multor epoci istorice, provenind de pe dealul Cetăţuie precum şi din alte puncte. În anul 2001 Muzeul Civilizaţiei Dacice şi Romane din Deva a început un program de cercetare în zonă, care continuă şi astăzi. Au rezultat numeroase descoperiri de obiecte, construcţii şi contexte arheologice, multe dintre ele fiind prezentate prin rapoarte de cercetare, studii sau note arheologice. De asemenea, au fost prezentate numeroase comunicări cu prilejul unor manifestări ştiinţifice. Toate acestea au fost bune prilejuri pentru a fi prezentate diverse aspecte ale vieţii în epoca dacică, aşa cum se reflectă prin descoperirile de pe dealul Cetăţuie de la Ardeu.

Debutul cercetărilor arheologice sistematice pe suprafaţa acestui sit a fost înregistrat în anul 1973, când Larisa Nemoianu a efectuat o săpătură de mici dimensiuni pe care a intitulat-o „sondaj arheologic”. Publicarea raportului de cercetare, împreună cu Ioan Andriţoiu, reprezintă un exemplu al bunei colaborări între Muzeul Naţional de Istorie din Bucureşti şi Muzeul din Deva. Acest material prezintă coordonatele generale ale cercetărilor, însoţite de prezentarea câtorva dintre materialele arheologice semnificative. Alte piese au rămas până astăzi inedite. Cu acest prilej dorim să supunem interesului specialiştilor o verigă spiralică din argint provenind din descoperirile de la începutul deceniului 8 al secolului XX.

22 Vulpe 1965, p. 344, fig 2/2. 23 Vulpe 1957, p. 241, fig. 23/1. 24 Regarding the chronology of the Dacian fortress from Ardeu, see: Bodó, Ferencz 2003, p. 153. 25 Nemoianu, Andriţoiu 1975, p. 181. 26 Ferencz, Bodó 2003; Ferencz et alii 2010; Ferencz et alii 2011.

Page 5: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

A Small Silver Spiral from Ardeu-Romania

231

Veriga spiralică (numărând 5 spire şi jumătate) este realizată din sârmă de argint, cu secţiunea semirotundă (pl. II/1), se păstrează în inventarele Muzeului Naţional de Istorie al României (nr. inv: 137282) şi are următoarele dimensiuni:

- Grosimea sârmei (W) = 0,88 mm; - Dmax ext = 17,12 mm; - Dmax int = 13,94 mm; - Hmax = 12 mm; - Hmin = 9,70 mm; - Laprox sârmă = 276 mm; - Masă: 3,56 g. Piesa a fost realizată prin ciocănire şi probabil că a fost utilizată intens, dacă ţinem cont de

numeroasele zgârieturi ce pot fi observate chiar şi cu ochiul liber, pe suprafaţa ei. Conform buletinului de analiză (măsurători de fluorescenţă de raze X realizate cu un aparat

portabil tip InnovX α Series cu anticatod de Wolfram 30kV şi 40 μA, având timp de expunere 60”), compoziţia chimică se prezintă astfel:

Ag 93,74 ± 0,28 92,99 ± 0,31 Cu 3,96 ± 0,08 4,50 ± 0,09 Pb 0,87 ± 0,04 1,14 ± 0,05 Au 0,24 ± 0,02 0,26 ± 0,02 Sn 1,5 ± 0,18 Bi 0,14 ± 0,02

Cu toată lipsa contextului de descoperire, piesa prezentată de noi întregeşte în mod fericit

imaginea de ansamblu a cetăţii dacice de la Ardeu.

Lista ilustraţiilor

Pl. I. Cetăţi dacice din sud-vestul Transilvaniei (1); împrejurimile satului Ardeu şi amplasamentul dealului Cetăţuie (2); amplasarea satului Ardeu în sud-vestul Transilvaniei (3).

Pl. II. Verigă spiralică de argint de la Ardeu (1) (foto şi desen de Mihai Florea 2012); monedă romană descoperită la Ardeu (2) (foto: Iosif Vasile Ferencz); imagine aeriană a dealului Cetăţuie (3) (foto Zoltán Czajlik, mai 2012).

Pl. III. Profile ale dealului Cetăţuie (1) (imagini prelucrate de Mihai Florea 2013); dealul Cetăţuie cu situaţia actuală a cercetărilor (2) (imagini prelucrate de Mihai Florea 2013).

Bibliographical Abbreviations Bodó, Ferencz 2003 - Cristina Bodó, Iosif V. Ferencz, Câteva consideraţii privind

fortificaţia şi aşezarea dacică de la Ardeu (com. Balşa), jud. Hunedoara, in Istros, 11, 2003, p. 147-158.

Borić-Brešcović, Popović 2006 - Bojana Borić-Brešcović, Petar Popović, Coins of the Roman Republic. Collections of the National Museum in Belgrade and Belgrade University, Belgrade, 2006.

Crawford 1977 - Michael H. Crawford, Republican Denarii in Romania: The Suppression of Piracy and Slave-Trade, in JRS, 67, 1977, p. 117-124.

Ferencz 2003 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Două fibule deteriorate descoperite la Ardeu (com. Balşa, jud. Hunedoara), in Sargetia, XXXI, 2003, p. 99-110.

Ferencz 2005 - Iosif V. Ferencz, On a Roman Lamp Discovered in the Dacian Fortress from Ardeu, Hunedoara County, Romania, in Corneliu Gaiu, Cristian Găzdac (eds.) Fontes Historiae. Studia in honorem Demetrii Protase, Bistriţa 2005, p. 371-377.

Page 6: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai Florea

232

Ferencz 2006 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Două fibule cu resort bilateral mare şi coarda înfăşurată de arc, provenind din aşezarea dacică de la Ardeu, com. Balşa, jud. Hunedoara, in Brukenthal, I.1, 2006, p. 67-76.

Ferencz 2010a - Iosif V. Ferencz, Obiecte de os şi corn descoperite la Ardeu (jud. Hunedoara), in Ioan Glodariu, Gabriela Gheorghiu (eds.) Studii de Istorie şi Arheologie, Cluj-Napoca, 2010, p. 79-90.

Ferencz 2010b - Iosif V. Ferencz, Chei romane descoperite la Ardeu, in Horia Pop, Ioan Bejinariu, Sanda Băcueţ-Crişan, Dan Băcueţ-Crişan (ed.), Identităţi culturale locale şi regionale în context european. Studii de arheologie şi antropologie istorică / Local and Regional Identities in European Context. Archaeology and Historical Anthropology. In memoriam Alexandri V. Matei, Cluj-Napoca, 2010, p. 287-292.

Ferencz 2010c - Iosif V. Ferencz, O ferecătură de casetă descoperită la Ardeu, in Terra Sebus, 2, 2010, p. 225-233.

Ferencz 2012a - Iosif V. Ferencz, Aproape un secol de uitare. Unele repere istoriografice privind cetatea dacică de la Ardeu, in Ciprian Drăgan, Carmen Barna (eds.) Studii de istorie a Transilvaniei. Volum dedicat istoricului Ioachim Lazăr la 70 de ani, Cluj-Napoca - Deva, 2012, p. 70-84.

Ferencz 2012b - Iosif V. Ferencz, Ardeu-Cetăţuie. Ten Years Later, in Sargetia, s.n., 3, 2012, p. 119-130.

Ferencz 2012c - Iosif V. Ferencz, Late Iron Age Brooch Whit Enamelled Plaque from Ardeu, in Marisia, XXXII, 2012, p. 79-84.

Ferencz, Bodó 2003 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Cristina Bodó, Über eine in Ardeu (Gem. Balşa, Kr. Hunedoara, Rumänien) entdeckte unvollendete Fibel, in Instrumentum, 18, 2003, 2, p. 20-21.

Ferencz et alii 2003 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai Căstăian, Cristina Bodó, Cristian I. Popa, Ştefan Andrei, Roxana Stăncescu, Ardeu, com Balşa, jud. Hunedoara, punct Cetăţeaua, in CCA. Campania 2002, Covasna, 2003, p. 40-42.

Ferencz et alii 2004 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai Căstăian, Cristina Bodó, Cristian I. Popa, Ştefan Andrei, Roxana Stăncescu, Ardeu, com Balşa, jud. Hunedoara, punct Cetăţuie (Cetăţeaua), in CCA. Campania 2003, Cluj-Napoca, 2004, p. 43-45.

Ferencz et alii 2005 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai Căstăian, Cristina Bodó, Cristian I. Popa, Ardeu, com Balşa, jud. Hunedoara, punct Cetăţuie, in CCA. Campania 2004, Jupiter-Mangalia, 2005, p. 56-57.

Ferencz et alii 2010 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai C. Căstăian, Cristian Dima, Cristian I. Popa, Cristian C. Roman, Ardeu, com. Balşa, jud. Hunedoara. Punct Cetăţuie, in CCA. Campania 2009, Suceava, 2010, p. 28-29.

Ferencz et alii 2011 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai C. Căstăian, Cristian Dima, Cristian I. Popa, Cristian C. Roman, Ardeu, com. Balşa, jud. Hunedoara. Punct Cetăţuie, in CCA. Campania 2010, Sibiu, 2011, p. 11-12.

Ferencz, Dima 2009 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Cristian Dima, Piese de armament dacice descoperite la Ardeu (jud. Hunedoara), in StudiaUBBH, 54, 2009, 1-2, p. 18-34.

Ferencz, Gurgu-Ţîrdoiu 2009 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Daniela Gurgu-Ţîrdoiu, Parts of a sica Discovered at Ardeu, in Corviniana, XIII, 2009, p. 159-166.

Ferencz, Roman 2010 - Iosif V. Ferencz, Cristian Roman, The Dacian Fortress from Ardeu - Research Directions, in ATS, 9, 2010, p. 173-184.

Floca 1956 - Octavian Floca, Contribuţii la cunoaşterea tezaurelor de argint dacice. Tezaurul de la Sărăcsău şi Şeica Mică, Bucureşti, 1956.

Glodariu, Moga 1994 - Ioan Glodariu, Vasile Moga, Tezaurul dacic de la Lupu, in EphNap, IV, 1994, p. 33-40.

Grueber 1970 - Herbert A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum, Oxford 1970.

Mărghitan 1976 - Liviu Mărghitan, Tezaure de argint dacice, Bucureşti, 1976.

Page 7: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

A Small Silver Spiral from Ardeu-Romania

233

Medeleţ 1994 - Florin Medeleţ, În legătură cu o mare spirală dacică din argint aflată la Muzeul Naţional din Belgrad, în AnB, s.n., III, 1994, p. 192-230.

Mitrea 1968 - Bucur Mitrea, Descoperirea monetară romană republicană din comuna Mihai Bravu (jud. Ilfov), in SCN, IV, 1968, p. 373-379.

Moga 1994 - Vasile Moga, Der Silberschatz von Lupu, Gemeinde Cergău, Jud. Alba in Goldhelm, Schwert und Sielberschätze. Reichtümen aus 6000 Jahren rumänischer Vergangenheit, Frankfurt am Main, 1994, p. 180-181.

Nemoianu, Andriţoiu 1975 - Larisa Nemoianu, Ioan Andriţoiu, Sondajul arheologic de la Ardeu, com. Balşa, jud. Hunedoara, in CA, 1, 1975, p. 181-190.

Pescaru et alii 2002 - Adriana Pescaru, Cristina Bodó, Mihai Căstăian, Iosif V. Ferencz, Ardeu, com Balşa, jud. Hunedoara, punct Cetăţeaua, în CCA. Campania 2001, Buziaş, 2002, p. 41-43.

Rustoiu 1996 - Aurel Rustoiu, Metalurgia bronzului la daci (sec. II î. Chr. - sec. I d. Chr.). Tehnici ateliere şi produse de bronz, Bucureşti, BTh, XV, 1996.

Spânu 1996 - Daniel Spânu, Observaţii asupra falerelor din tezaurul de la Lupu, in SCIVA, 47, 1996, 1, p. 39-49.

Vulpe 1957 - Radu Vulpe, Şantierul arheologic Popeşti, in Materiale, III, 1957, p. 227-246.

Vulpe 1965 - Alexandru Vulpe, Reprezentări umane pe cupele getice de la Popeşti, in SCIV, 16, 1965, 2, p. 340-351.

Keywords: Ardeu, Dacians, jewelery, silver, archaeology. Cuvinte-cheie: Ardeu, daci, bijuterii, argint, arheologie.

Page 8: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai Florea

234

Pl. I. Dacian fortresses in south-western Transylvania (1); the surroundings of Ardeu and the location of the Cetăţuie Hill (2); the location of the Ardeu village in south-western Transylvania (3)

Page 9: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

A Small Silver Spiral from Ardeu-Romania

235

Pl. II. Silver spiral from Ardeu (1) (photo and sketch by Mihai Florea 2012); Roman coin discovered in Ardeu (2) (photo: Iosif Vasile Ferencz); Cetăţuie Hill - aerial view (3) (photo: Zoltán Czajlik, May 2012)

Page 10: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Iosif V. Ferencz, Mihai Florea

236

Pl. III. Elevation profiles of the hill (1) (image processed by Mihai Florea 2013); Cetăţuie Hill and the current stage of the researches (2) (image processed by Mihai Florea 2013)

Page 11: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

671

LISTA ABREVIERILOR

AAR-SI - Analele Academiei Române. Memoriile Secţiunii Istorice.

Bucureşti (s. III, 1922-1947). Academica - Academica. Academia Română. Bucureşti. ACG - Anuarul Comitetului Geologic. Institutul Geologic al

României. Bucureşti. ACMI - Anuarul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice. Bucureşti. ActaArchHung - Acta Archaeologica. Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae.

Budapest. ActaBC Acta Bacoviensia. Serviciul Judeţean Bacău al Arhivelor

Naţionale. Bacău. ActaMN - Acta Musei Napocensis. Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a

Transilvaniei. Cluj-Napoca. ActaMP - Acta Musei Porolissensis. Muzeul Judeţean de Istorie şi Artă

Zalău. Zalău. Acta Siculica - Acta Siculica. Analele Muzeului Naţional Secuiesc. Sfântu

Gheorghe. ActaZC - Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. Institute of Systematics and

Evolution of Animals. Kraków. ADIU - АРХЕОЛОГІЯ І ДАВНЯ ІСТОРІЯ УКРАIНИ. Kiev. AÉ - Archaeologiai Értesitö a Magyar régészeti, müvésyt-történeti

és éremtani társulat tudományos folyóirata. Budapest. AHR - Asiatic Herpetological Research. Chengdu Institute of

Biology. Chengdu. AIIA - Anuarul Institutului de Istorie şi Arheologie Cluj. Cluj-

Napoca (din 1990 Anuarul Institutului de Istorie „George Bariţ”).

AIIAI/AIIX - Anuarul Institutului de Istorie şi Arheologie „A. D. Xenopol” Iaşi. Iaşi (din 1990 Anuarul Institutului de Istorie „A. D. Xenopol” Iaşi).

AIIGB - Anuarul Institutului de Istorie şi Arheologie „George Bariţ” Cluj-Napoca. Cluj-Napoca vezi AIIA.

AIIN - Anuarul Institutului de Istorie Naţională. Cluj-Sibiu. AInf - Archäologische Informationen. Mitteilungen zur Ur- und

Frühgeschichte. Bonn. Altertum - Das Altertum, Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis

Group. Aluta - Aluta. (Studii şi comunicări - Tanulmányok és

Közlemények). Sfântu Gheorghe. AM - Arheologia Moldovei. Institutul de Istorie şi Arheologie „A.

D. Xenopol”. Iaşi. AmAnthropol - American Anthropologist. Washington, D.C. AnB - Analele Banatului; serie nouă. Timişoara. Angustia - Angustia. Muzeul Carpaţilor Răsăriteni. Sfântu Gheorghe. Annales de Paléontologie - Annales de Paléontologie. Association Paléontologique

Française. Paris.

Page 12: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Lista abrevierilor

672

Antaeus - Antaeus. Communicationes ex Instituto Archaeologico Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. Budapest.

Antiquity - Antiquity. A Quartely Review of World Archaeology. York. AntTard - Antiquité tardive. Revue internationale d’histoire et

d’archéologie (IVe-VIIIe s.). Turnhout. AO - Arhivele Olteniei. Craiova; serie nouă (Institutul de Cercetări

Socio-Umane. Craiova). APA - Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica. Berlin. APR - Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae. Romanian Society of

Paleontologists. Bucureşti. Apulum - Apulum. Acta Musei Apulensis. Muzeul Naţional al Unirii

Alba Iulia. Alba Iulia. AR - Archeologické rozhledy. Praha. ARA - Annual Review of Anthropology. Palo Alto. ArbInstHalle - Arbeiten aus dem Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichte der

Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. Archaeologia Bulgarica - Archaeologia Bulgarica. Sofia. ArchAustr - Archaeologia Austriaca. Viena. ArchHung - Archaeologia Hungarica, Dissertationes Archaeologicae

Musei Nationalis. Budapest. ArchKözl - Archaeologiai Közlemények. Pesten. Argesis - Argesis. Studii şi comunicări. Muzeul Judeţean Argeş. Piteşti. Arheologija - Archeologija. Organ na Archeologičeskija Institut i Muzei

pri Bulgarskata Akademija na Naukite. Sofia. ArhRom - Arhiva Română. Arhivele Statului. Bucureşti AŞUAIC-I - Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii „Al. I. Cuza” din Iaşi.

Istorie. Iaşi. Athenaeum - Athenaeum. Studi periodice di litteratura e storia

dell’antichità. Pavia. ATS - Acta Terrae Septemcastrensis. Sibiu. AUA - Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Historica. Alba Iulia. AUSB - Annales Universitatis Scientiarium Budapestinensis de

Rolando Eötvös Nominatae, sectio Historica. Budapest. AusgrabFunde - Ausgrabungen und Funde. Berlin. AUVT - Annales d’Université „Valahia” Târgovişte. Târgovişte. BA - Biblioteca de arheologie. Bucureşti. BÁMÉ - A Béri Balogh Ádám Múzeum Évkönyve. Szekszárd. Banatica - Banatica. Muzeul de istorie al judeţului Caraş-Severin. Reşiţa. BAR - British Archaeological Reports (International Series).

Oxford. BC - Biblioteca şi cercetarea. Cluj-Napoca. BCH - Bulletin de correspondance hellenique. L’Institut de

correspondance hellenique d’Athenes (continuă Bulletin de l’Ecole francaise d’Athenes- 1868-1871). Atena.

BCMI - Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice / Buletinul Comisiei Monumentelor istorice. Bucureşti.

BCŞS - Buletinul Cercurilor Ştiinţifice Studenţeşti. Alba Iulia. BerRGK - Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des

Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Frankfurt am Main. BG - Boabe de grâu. Bucureşti

Page 13: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Lista abrevierilor

673

BHAB - Bibliotheca Historica et Archaeologica Banatica. Muzeul Banatului Timişoara. Timişoara.

BIRSNB - Bulletin de l’Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Bruxelles.

BMA - Bibliotheca Musei Apulensis. Muzeul Naţional al Unirii Alba Iulia. Alba Iulia.

BMI - Buletinul Monumentelor Istorice. Bucureşti. BMJT - Buletinul Muzeului Judeţean Teleorman. Seria Arheologie.

Alexandria. BMM - Bibliotheca Musei Marisiensis. Seria Archaeologica. Târgu

Mureş. BMMK - Békés Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei. Békéscsaba. BMS - Bibliotheca Musei Sabesiensis. Muzeul Municipal „Ioan

Raica” Sebeş. BollVerona - Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona.

Verona. BOR - Biserica Ortodoxă Română. Patriarhia Română. Bucureşti. BR - Budapest Régiségei. Budapesti Történeti Múzeum.

Budapest. Britannia - Britannia. A Journal of Romano-British and Kindred

Studies. The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. Cambridge.

Brukenthal - Brukenthal. Acta Musei. Muzeul Naţional Brukenthal. Sibiu. BSAF - Bulletin de la Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France.

Paris. BSHNT - Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse.

Toulouse. BSNR - Buletinul Societăţii Numismatice Române. Societatea

Numismatică Română. Bucureşti. BTh - Bibliotheca Thracologica. Institutul Român de Tracologie,

Bucureşti. Buletin foaie oficială - Buletin foaie oficială. Iaşi. BulletinAMNH - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. New

York. BulletinSGF - Bulletin d’Societe Geologique France. Paris. Buridava - Buridava. Studii şi materiale. Muzeul Judeţean „Aurelian

Sacerdoteanu” Vâlcea. Râmnicu Vâlcea BV - Bayerische Vorgeschichtblätter. München. CA - Cercetări arheologice. Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a

României. Bucureşti. CAANT - Cercetări arheologice în aria nord-tracă. Bucureşti. CAn - Current Anthropology. Chicago. Carnets de Géologie - Carnets de Géologie. Brest. CCA - Cronica cercetărilor arheologice. Bucureşti. CCGG - Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz. Sorbonne (Paris). CFS - Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. Senckenberg

Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum. Frankfurt am Main. Ciências da Terra (UNL) - Ciências da Terra (UNL). Earth Sciences Journal. Caparica. ClausthalerGeo - Clausthaler Geowissenschaften. Institut für Geologie und

Paläontologie. Clausthal-Zellerfeld.

Page 14: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Lista abrevierilor

674

CMPUMichigan - Contributions from the Museum Paleontology. The University of Michigan. Michigan.

Codrul Cosminului - Codrul Cosminului, Seria Nouă. Analele Ştiinţifice de Istorie, Universitatea „Ştefan cel Mare” Suceava. Suceava

CommArchHung - Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae, Magyar Némzeti Muzeum. Budapesta.

Communications - Communications. École Des Hautes Étude en Science Sociales – Centre D’Études Transdisciplinaires (Sociologie, Anthropologie, Politiques), Paris.

Copeia - Copeia. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. New York.

Corviniana - Corviniana. Acta Musei Corvinensis. Hunedoara. CRAcadSciParis - Comptes Rendus De L’Academie Des Sciences. Serie II,

Fascicule A - sciences de la Terre et des Planetes. Paris. CretaceousRes - Cretaceous Research. Published by Elsevier. Crisia - Crisia. Culegere de materiale şi studii. Muzeul Ţării

Crişurilor. Oradea. Cultura creştină - Cultura creştină. Publicaţie apărută sub egida Mitropoliei

Române Unite cu Roma Greco-Catolică şi a Facultăţii de Teologie Greco-Catolică din Universitatea „Babeş-Bolyai” Cluj-Napoca, Departamentul Blaj. Blaj.

Cumania - Báks - kiskun Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei. Kecskemét. Dacia - Dacia. Recherches et découvertes archéologiques en

Roumanie. Bucureşti, I, (1924) - XII (1948). Nouvelle série: Revue d’archéologie et d’historie ancienne. Bucureşti.

Danubius - Danubius. Muzeul de Istorie Galaţi. Galaţi. DMÉ - A Debreceni déri Múzeum Évkönyve. Debrecen. Dolgozatok - Dolgozatok az Erdély Nemzeti Múzeum Érem - és

Régiségtárából. Kolosvár (Cluj). DolgSzeged - Dolgozatok. A. M. Kir. Ferencz József Tudományegyetem

Archaeologiai Intézetéböl. Szeged. DP - Documenta Praehistorica. Poročilo o raziskovanju

paleolitika, neolitika in eneolitika v sloveniji. Ljubljana. Drobeta - Drobeta. Muzeul Regiunii Porţilor de Fier. Drobeta Turnu-

Severin. Dumerilia - Dumerilia. Association des amis du laboratoire des reptiles

et amphibiens du Muséum = AALRAM. Paris. Eclogae - Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. Swiss Journal of

Geosciences. Swiss Geological Society. Zürich. EHR - The English Historical Review. Oxford University Press

(UK). Environment & Progress - Environment & Progress. Universitatea „Babeş-Bolyai”

Cluj-Napoca. Facultatea de Ştiinţa şi Ingineria Mediului. Cluj-Napoca.

EphNap - Ephemeris Napocensis. Institutul de Arheologie şi Istoria Artei, Cluj-Napoca. Cluj-Napoca.

ErdMúzÉvk - Erdélyi Múzeum Egyesület Évkönyve. Kolosvár (Cluj). EstudiosAlava - Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava. Vitoria. Eurasia Antiqua - Eurasia Antiqua. Zeitschrift für Archäologie Eurasiens.

Mainz am Rhein.

Page 15: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Lista abrevierilor

675

FbÖst - Fundberichte aus Österreich. Wien. FK - Földtani közlöny. Magyarhoni foldtani tarsulat folyóirata.

Budapest. FöldrKözl - Földrajzi Közlemények. Budapest. FoliaArch - Folia Archaeologica. Magyar Történeti Múzeum. Budapest. Gemina - Gemina. Timişoara. Geodiversitas - Geodiversitas. Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris.

Paris. Gerión - Gerión. Revista de historia antigua, Universidad

Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. Germania - Germania. Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des

Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts. Frankfurt am Main. Godišnjak - Godišnjak. Jahrbuch Knjiga. Sarajevo-Heidelberg. HAC - Historiae Augustae Colloquia Nova Series. Bari. Hantkeniana - Hantkeniana. Periodical of the Department of

Palaeontology, Eötvös University. Budapest. Hermes - Hermes. Zeitschrift für klassische Philologie. Stuttgart. Hesperia - Hesperia. Journal of American School of Classical Studies at

Athens. Athens. Hierasus - Hierasus. Muzeul Judeţean Botoşani. Botoşani. HJ - The Historical Journal. University of Cambridge (UK). Hrisovul - Hrisovul. Academia de Poliţie „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”.

Facultatea de Arhivistică. Bucureşti. HTRTÉ - A Hunyadmegyei Történelmi és Régészeti Társulat

Évkönyvei (1880-1913). Deva. HU - Historia Urbana. Institutul de Cercetări Socio-Umane. Sibiu. IA - International Affairs. Royal Institute of International Affairs.

London. Instrumentum - Instrumentum (Bulletin du Groupe de travail europeen sur

l’artisanat et les productions manufacturees dans l’Antiquite. Montagnac.

Ioan Neculce - Ioan Neculce. Buletinul Muzeului de Istorie a Moldovei. Iaşi.

Iranica Antiqua - Iranica Antiqua. Leiden. Istros - Istros. Muzeul Brăilei. Brăila. Îndrumător pastoral - Îndrumător pastoral. Episcopia Ortodoxă Română de Alba

Iulia. Alba Iulia JAMÉ - A Nyiregyhazái Jósa András Múzeum Évkönyve.

Nyíregyháza. JAMT - Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. New York. JCH - Journal of Contemporary History. University of Cambridge

(UK), University of Wisconsin at Madison (USA). JMH - The Journal of Modern History. University of Chicago. JMV - Jahresschrift für mitteldeutsche Vorgeschichte. Halle (Saale). JRGZM - Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums zu

Mainz. Mainz. JRS - The Journal of Roman Studies. London. JSP - Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. British Natural History

Museum. London.

Page 16: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Lista abrevierilor

676

JTa - Journal of Taphonomy. Paleontological Network Foundation.

Klio - Klio. Beiträge zur Alten Geschihte. Berlin. Korunk - Korunk. Kolozsvár. Cluj-Napoca. KözlDebrecen - Közlemények a Debreceni M. Kir. Tisza István-

Tudományegyetem Régészeti Intézetéből. Debrecen. Latomus - Latomus. Revue d’études latines. Bruxelles. MA - Mitropolia Ardealului. Revista oficială a Arhiepiscopiei

Sibiului, Arhiepiscopiei Vadului, Feleacului şi Clujului, Episcopiei Alba Iuliei şi Episcopiei Oradei. Sibiu (1956-1991). A continuat Revista Teologică, (1907-1947) şi este continuată de aceeaşi revistă.

MAGW - Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Wien (1912-1941).

Marburger Studien - Marburger Studien. Marburg. Marisia - Marisia. Studii şi Materiale. Târgu Mureş. Marmatia - Marmatia. Baia Mare. Mas de las Matas - Mas de las Matas. Grupo de Estudios Mastnos. Mas de las

Matas. Materiale - Materiale şi cercetări arheologice. Bucureşti. MBGAEU - Mitteilungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie,

Ethnologie und Urgeschichte. Berlin. MedTrans - Mediaevalia Transilvanica. Satu-Mare. MÉFRA - Mélanges de l’École française de Rome. Antiquité. Roma. Mehedinţi - Mehedinţi - Istorie şi cultură. Drobeta Turnu Severin. MemAntiq - Memoria Antiquitatis. Complexul Muzeal Judeţean Neamţ.

Piatra Neamţ. MemMNHistNat - Memoires du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle - Serie

C: Sciences de la Terre. Paris. MemPadova - Memorie degli Istituti di Geologia e Mineralogia dell’

Universita di Padova. Padova. MES - Middle Eastern Studies. The University of Texas at Austin. MFMÉ StudArch - A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve. Studia Archaeologica.

Szeged. MIAK - Materialy i issledovanija po archeologii Kubani. Krasnodar. MittUngGeo - Mitteilungen aus den Jahrbuch der Kön. Ungarische

Geologischen Anstalt. Budapest. MKÉ - Múzeumi és Könyvtári Értesitő. Budapest. MKFIÉ - A Magyar Királyi Földtani Intézet Évkönyve. Mitteilungen

aus dem Jahrbuch der Kgl. ungar. Geolog. Anstalt. Annales Instituti Regii Hungarici Geologici. Budapest.

MN - Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a României. Bucureşti. MÖSTA - Mitteilungen des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs.

Österreichischen Staatsarchiv. Wien. Natl Geogr Res - National Geographic Research Journal. Washington, D.C. NeuesJahrGP - Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie

Monatschafte. Stuttgart. NTS - The Nordic Textile Journal. University College of Borås.

The Swedish School of Textiles. OJA - Oxford Journal of Archaeology, Blackwell Publishing Inc.

Page 17: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Lista abrevierilor

677

ŐL - Ősrégészeti Levelek. Prehistoric newsletter. Budapest. Oltenia - Oltenia. Studii şi comunicări. Arheologie – Istorie. Craiova. OpuscArchaeol - Opuscula Archaeologica Radovi Arheološkog zavoda.

Zagreb. Oryctos - Oryctos. Musée des Dinosaures d’Espéraza. PA - Patrimonium Apulense. Alba Iulia. PalaeoAfricana - Palaeontologia Africana. Annals of the Bernard Price

Institute for Palaeontological Research, University of the Witwatersrand. Witwatersrand. Johannesburg.

Paleobiology - Paleobiology. The Paleontological Society. Gainsville. Palevol - Palevol. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des sciences. Issy-

les-Moulineaux. Pallas - Pallas. Revue d’études antiques. Université du Mirail.

Toulouse. PamArch - Památky archeologické. Praha. PAS - Prähistorische Archäologie in Südosteuropa. Berlin. PBF - Präehistorische Bronzefunde. München. Peuce - Peuce. Studii si comunicări de istorie veche, arheologie şi

numismatică. Tulcea. PLoS ONE - PLoS ONE. International, peer-reviewed, open-access,

online publication. PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the

United States of America. Washington. Pontica - Pontica. Muzeul de Istorie Naţională şi Arheologie

Constanţa. Constanţa. PPP - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

(“Palaeo3”). An International Journal for the Geo-Sciences. PPS - Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. Cambridge-Londra. Programm Mühlbach - Programm des evaghelischen Untergymnasium in Mühlbach

und der damit verbundenen Lehranstalten. Mühlbach (Sebeş). PZ - Prähistorische Zeitschrift. Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer

Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte, Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie. Berlin.

RA - Revista Arheologică. Institutul de Arheologie şi Istorie Veche. Chişinău.

Renaşterea - Renaşterea. Cluj-Napoca. RÉV - Revue des études latines. Paris. RevAquitania - Revue Aquitania. Revue interrégionale d’archéologie.

Aquitaine. RHSEE/RESEE - Revue Historique du Sud-Est Européen. Academia Română.

Bucureşti şi Paris (din 1963 Revue des Études Sud-Est Européennes).

RI - Revista de Istorie (din 1990 Revista istorică). Bucureşti. RJTRG - Romanian Journal of Tectonics and Regional Geology.

Bucureşti. RM - Revista Muzeelor. Bucureşti. RMGM - Revista Muzeului de Gelogie şi Mineralogie. Cluj-Napoca. RMM - Revista Muzeelor şi Monumentelor. Bucureşti. RMM-MIA - Revista Muzeelor şi Monumentelor. Monumente Istorice şi

de Artă. Bucureşti.

Page 18: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Lista abrevierilor

678

RRH - Revue Roumaine d’Histoire. Academia Română. Bucureşti. RRL - Revue Roumaine de Linguistique. Academia Română -

Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan - Al. Rosetti”. Bucureşti

RT - Revista Teologică. Sibiu. RVM - Rad Vojvodanskih muzeja. Novi Sad. SAA - Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica. Iaşi. SAHIR - Studia et Acta Historiae Iudaeorum Romaniae. Institutul de

Istorie „A. D. Xenopol” Iaşi. Iaşi. SAI - Studii şi articole de istorie. Bucureşti. Sargetia Naturae - Sargetia. Acta Musei Devensis. Series Scientia Naturae.

Deva. Sargetia - Sargetia. Buletinul Muzeului judeţului Hunedoara (Acta

Musei Devensis). Deva. SASTUMA - Saarbrücker Studien und Materialien zur Altertumskunde.

Bonn. SB - Studia Bibliologica. Bucureşti. SBV - Studia bibliologica Valachica. Târgovişte. SC (Ştiinţele Naturii) - Studii şi Cercetări (Ştiinţele Naturii). Complexul Muzeal

Bistriţa-Năsăud. Bistriţa. SCB - Studii şi cercetări de bibliologie. Bucureşti (1955-1963). SCIM - Studii şi cercetări de istorie medie. Bucureşti. SCIV(A) - Studii şi cercetări de istoria veche. Bucureşti (din 1974,

Studii şi cercetări de istorie veche şi arheologie). SCN - Studii şi cercetări numismatice. Bucureşti. SEER - The Slavonic and East European Review. University College

London. SlovArch - Slovenská Archeológia. Nitra. SMICont - Studii şi materiale de istorie contemporană. Institutul de

Istorie „Nicolae Iorga” Bucureşti. Bucureşti. SMIMod - Studii şi materiale de istorie modernă. Institutul de Istorie

„Nicolae Iorga” Bucureşti. Bucureşti. SMK - Somogyi Muzeumok Kozlemenyei. Somogyi Megyei

Muzeumok. Kaposwar. Starinar - Starinar, Tređa Serija. Arheološki Institut. Beograd. StComSM - Studii şi comunicări. Muzeul judeţean Satu Mare. Satu Mare. StudArch - Studia Archaeologica. Budapest. StudGeolSalmanticensia - Studia Geologica. Salmanticensia. Universidad de Salamanca.

Departamento de Geologia. Salamanca. StudiaTGCV - Studia. Theologia Graeco-Catholica Varadiensis. Oradea. StudiaUBBG - Studia Universitatis „Babeş-Bolyai”. Series Geologia. Cluj-

Napoca. StudiaUBBH - Studia Universitatis „Babeş-Bolyai”. Series Historia. Cluj-

Napoca. Študijné Zvesti AUSAV - Študijne Zvesti. Archeologickeho Ustavu Slovenskei

Akademie Vied. Nitra. Suceava - Anuarul Muzeului Judeţean. Suceava. SympThrac - Symposia Thracologica. Institutul Român de Tracologie. Terra Sebus - Terra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis. Sebeş. Thraco-Dacica - Thraco-Dacica. Institutul Român de Tracologie. Bucureşti.

Page 19: A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIATerra Sebus. Acta Musei Sabesiensis, 5, 2013, p. 227-236 A SMALL SILVER SPIRAL FROM ARDEU - ROMANIA1 Iosif Vasile FERENCZ*, Mihai FLOREA**

Lista abrevierilor

679

Tibiscum - Tibiscum. Studii şi Comunicări de Istorie şi Etnografie. Caransebeş.

Tibiscus - Tibiscus. Muzeul Banatului Timişoara. Timişoara (1971-1979).

Tisicum - Tisicum. A Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok megyei muzeumok evkönye. Szolnok.

Transilvania - Transilvania. Foaia Asociaţiunii Transilvane pentru Literatura Română şi Cultura Poporului Român. Braşov.

Tyragetia - Tyragetia. Muzeul Naţional de Arheologie şi Istorie a Moldovei. Chişinău.

UPA - Universitätsforschungen zur Prähistorischen Archäologie. Berlin.

Vjesnik - Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu. Vjesnik Arheološkog muzeja u Zagrebu. Zagreb.

VZBGW - Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Wien.

WPZ - Wiener Prahistorische Zeitschrift. Selbstverlag der Wiener Prahistorischen Gesellschaft. Wien.

Zalai Múzeum - Zalai Múzeum. Zalaegerszeg. ZfA - Zeitschrift für Archäologie. Berlin. Ziridava - Ziridava. Muzeul Judeţean Arad. Arad.