A Snapshot: Waste Disposal & Recycling in OhioMaterial Management Advisory Council MeetingApril 19, 2017Ohio Environmental Protection Agency

Our Guide for Solid Waste Management

National Waste Generation: R/C

Source: “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, November 2016.

National Trend for Recycling & Composting

Source: “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, November 2016.

National Waste Management

Source: “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, November 2016.

Ohio Waste Management Methods: 2015

Statewide Disposal in Ohio: 2005-2015

Statewide R/C Disposal Rate (in PPD): 2005-2015

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

Poun

ds/

Pers

on/D

ay

SWMDs Categorized by Disposal Rate

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2005 2008 2012 2015

Num

ber o

f SW

MDs

< 4.0 PPD 4.0 to 5.0 PPD 5.0 to 6.0 PPD > 6.0 PPD

Disposal Rates for Rural and Urban SWMDs: 2015

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

< 4 PPD 4 to 5 PPD 5 to 6 PPD > 6 PPD

Rural Urban

Trends in Disposal by SWMDs

Decreasing Disposal Rates

83%

Increasing Disposal Rates

17% Decreasing Disposal Rates

27%

Increasing Disposal Rates

73%

2005-2015 2012-2015

What’s causing increasing R/C disposal?

More income? Greater tourism? Less interest in recycling? Depressed recycling markets?

R/C Disposal Rate vs. Income

$45,000

$46,000

$47,000

$48,000

$49,000

$50,000

$51,000

$52,000

$53,000

$54,000

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

$/Ho

useh

old

Poun

ds/C

apita

Disposal Rate Household Income

National Trends

Note: “Real PCE” means personal consumer expenditures.

Source: “Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2014 Fact Sheet,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, November 2016.

R/C Disposal Rate vs. Construction Employment

50,000

70,000

90,000

110,000

130,000

150,000

170,000

190,000

210,000

230,000

250,000

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

Num

ber E

mpl

oyed

Poun

ds/C

apita

Disposal Rate Construction Employment

Per Capita Generation, Disposal, and Recycling

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

Per C

apita

(lbs

./pe

rson

/day

)

Recycling Disposal Generation

Cardboard: Tons Recycled vs. $/Ton

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

$180

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

$/To

n

Tons

Tons Recycled Average Price

Ohio Industrial Disposal vs. Manufacturing Employment

400,000

450,000

500,000

550,000

600,000

650,000

700,000

750,000

800,000

850,000

2,000,000

2,200,000

2,400,000

2,600,000

2,800,000

3,000,000

3,200,000

3,400,000

3,600,000

3,800,000

2005 2008 2012 2015

Num

ber o

f Em

ploy

ees

Tons

Disp

osed

Tons of Industrial Waste Number of Employees

Why do we care about disposal rates?

“Reduce reliance on landfills…”

It’s the law.

State of Georgia

Per Capita MSW Disposal Rate/MSW Reduction GoalCommodity Actual

2004 Lbs/person

Projected 2012 Lbs/person

Projected % 2012

Projected 2017Lbs/person

Projected % 2017

Glass 0.153 0.140 8% 0.140 8%Paper 1.181 1.000 15% 0.850 28%Metal 0.228 0.198 13% 0.186 18%Plastic 0.663 0.560 16% 0.530 20%Total 2.23 1.99 11% 1.71 23%

MaterialRecycling Recovery Rates Disposal

2014 2015 2015

Food 0.05 0.03 0.89

Glass 0.04 0.05 0.23

Ferrous Metals 0.19 0.19 0.32Non-Ferrous Metals 0.03 0.03Corrugated 0.32 0.34 1.15All Other Paper 0.20 0.23Plastics 0.03 0.04 0.77

Yard Waste 0.57 0.55 0.31

Scrap Tires 0.07 0.06Fabric 0.03 0.01Wood 0.05 0.04 0.35

Commingled Recyclables 0.07 0.09

State of Ohio

States with Disposal Goals

Georgia – “…It is the intent of the General Assembly that every effort be undertaken to reduce on a state-wide per capita basis the amount of municipal solid waste being received at disposal facilities during fiscal year 1992 by 25 percent by July 1, 1996…”

As of June 1, 2002, Georgia's per capita disposal rate was 7.15 pounds/person/day. The 25% waste reduction goal requires a disposal rate of 5.3 PPD.

California – "50 percent per capita disposal target is the amount of disposal that is approximately equivalent to the current 50 percent diversion requirement.”

North Carolina – “State Goal, 40% reduction in per capita disposal by July 1, 2001 from a baseline year of FY 1991-92.” (Goal has not been met.)

Recycling

Ohio Recycling Rates: 2005-2015

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

50.0%

55.0%

60.0%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Perc

enta

ge

Residential/Commercial Industrial Total

Statewide R/C Recycling: 2005-2015

21.0%

22.0%

23.0%

24.0%

25.0%

26.0%

27.0%

28.0%

29.0%

30.0%

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.55

1.60

1.65

1.70

1.75

1.80

1.85

Perc

ent

Poun

ds/P

erso

n/Da

y

Per Capita Percent

Percent of Available Materials Recycled: 2014 vs. 2015

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Perc

ent

2014 2015

Food waste15%

Yard waste14%

Wood6%

Rubber, leather, textiles

9%

Plastics13%

Metals9%

Glass5%

Paper & paperboard

27%

Other3%

2008 R/C Recycling Rates

State Percent Per Capita/DayIllinois 9.00% 0.64Indiana 9.10% 0.74Kentucky 22.80% 1.85Michigan 6.00% 0.46Ohio 24.50% 1.65Pennsylvania 31.80% 2.39West Virginia 16.00% 1.02

Recycling Rates

Source: BioCycle Magazine.

R/C Recycling by Material Type: 2015

Metals500,358 tons

14%

Corrugated678,566 tons

18%

All Other Paper 434,624 tons12%

Yard Waste1,217,565 tons

33%

All Other847,579 tons

23%

Industrial Recycling by Material Type: 2015

Metals41%

Corrugated7%

All Other Paper3%

Wood6%

Food2%

Plastic2%

Glass2%

All Other37%