2003 onwards

A Student’s Guide

to the AQA GCSE

FrenchSpecifications

Further copies of this booklet are available from:

Aldon House, 39, Heald Grove, Rusholme, Manchester, M14 4NA.

Tel: 0161 953 1170 Fax: 0161 953 1177

or downloaded from the AQA Website : www.aqa.org.uk

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Welcome to your help-yourself guide to

the AQA GCSE French Specifications

This guide will help you with

• Vocabulary

All the vocabulary listed in the specification, plus some extra words,arranged in Themes/Modules and alphabetically. We’ve given you themeanings too.

• Language Tasks

A check-list of what you should be able to do for each Theme/Module,and how - listening, speaking, reading or writing, with room for your ownnotes.

• Communication Strategies

How to work out the answer even if you don’t know all the words! Lots ofuseful hints and tips on how to get by without needing a dictionary.

• Grammar

Lots of useful reminders about nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions –how to make sentences that make sense.

The contents page will tell you where to find the information you need – the rest is upto you!

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CONTENTS

Pages

• Vocabulary 7

• Language Tasks Record 61

• Communication Strategies 91

• Grammar 107

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VOCABULARY

All the vocabulary listed in the specification, plus some extrawords, arranged in Themes/Modules and alphabetically. We’ve

given you the meanings too.

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RUBRICS AND INSTRUCTIONS

• Choisissez la bonne réponse dans la liste Choose the correct answer from the list

• Cochez la bonne phrase/la case Tick the correct sentence/the box

• Complétez … en français Complete … in French

• Décrivez … Describe …

• Ecoutez/Lisez l’exemple Listen to/Read the example

• Ecrivez environ … mots Write about … words

• Ecrivez une phrase/les détails/ Write a sentence/the details/

la bonne lettre/une lettre (A,B,C ou D)/ the correct letter/a letter (A,B,C or D)/

dans le bon ordre in the right order

• Expliquez … Explain …

• Faites correspondre … Match up …

• Faites une liste … en français Make a list … in French

• Identifiez les phrases correctes. Ecrivez Identify the correct sentences. Write

P (positive), N (négative) ou P (positive), N (negative) ou

P + N (positive et négative) P + N (positive and negative)

• Indiquez si les phrases sont vraies (V) ou Indicate if the sentences are true (V) or

fausses (F) ou si on ne sait pas ( ?) false (F) or if you are not told (?)

• Lisez le texte/la lettre/les phrases suivantes Read the text/the letter/the following sentences

• Mettez (e.g. les illustrations) dans le bon Put (e.g. the illustrations) in the right order

ordre

• Mentionnez … Mention …

• Notez … Make a note of …

• Regardez cette publicité/ces illustrations Look at this advert/these illustrations

• Remplissez la grille en français Fill in the grid in French

• Répondez aux questions en français Answer the questions in French

• Soulignez … Underline …

• Trouvez la bonne réponse Find the correct answer

• Utilisez les mots dans la liste ci-dessous Use the words in the list below

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GENERAL NOTIONS

1 Existential

(a) Existence, non-existence

il y a there is/areil n’y a pas there is/are notêtre to bese trouver to be (situated)être situé to be situatedne…pas notne…plus no more, not … any

more no longer, not … any longer

ne…jamais never, not everne…rien nothing, not … anythingne…personne no-one, nobody, not …

anybody

(b) Presence, absence

absent absentavec withencore still, againici herelà therenon nooui yesprésent presentsans without

(c) Availability, non-availability

avoir to haveavoir besoin de to needil me faut I needil me reste I have … leftimpossible impossiblene pas avoir not to havepeut-être perhapspossible possible

(d) Occurrence, non-occurrence

avoir lieu to take placepar chance luckily, fortunatelypas encore not yetse passer to happen, to take

place

(e) Demonstration

ça that, thisce/cette/ces this/thesecela thatvoici here is, this isvoilà there is, that is

2 Space

(a) Location

à at, to,in (+ city)

à côté de next (door) toau bord de beside, byau bout de at the end ofau fond de at the bottom/end ofau milieu de in the middle ofautour de aroundcontre againstdans inde l’autre coté on the other sidededans insidedehors outsidederrière behinddevant in front ofen to, in (+ country),

by (+ transport)en bas at the bottom,

down(stairs)en haut at the top, up(stairs)en face de oppositeentre betweenjusqu’à as far aslà-bas over therepartout everywheresous undersur onvers towards, about (+ time)y there

(b) Distance

à …mètres d’ici etc. at … metres from here etc.

à quelle distance? how far away ?loin (de) far, a long way (from)

Vocabulary in the Specification by Themes/Modules

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par ici/par là this way/that waypartout everywhere(tout) près (very) near(by)près de near (to)proche close, near

(c) Motion

aller to goarriver to arrivedescendre to go down,

… de to get off (transport) … à to stay at (a hotel)entrer (dans) to enter, to go inmonter to go up

… dans to get in, on (transport)partir to leave, to go awayquitter to leaverentrer to return, to go back

(home)retourner to go backrevenir to come backsortir to go out, to leavetomber to falltourner to turntraverser to crossvenir to come

(d) Direction

nord, sud, est, ouest north, south, east, westà droite (on the) rightà gauche (on the) lefttout droit straight ontoutes directions all directions (on road

sign)+ see 2(a)

(e) Origin

de fromd’où (?) where from?de quelle direction? from which direction ?

(f ) Motion with person or thing

accompagner to accompany, to come/ go with

apporter to bring (thing)conduire to driveemmener to take (person)mettre to put (on)prendre + transport to get, to catchrouler to go (vehicle)suivre to follow

(g) Places

banlieue la suburbscampagne la country(side)centre le centre, middlecentre-ville le town/city-centrechez (Marie) to/at Marie’s house (le dentiste) to/at the dentist’scôte la coasten ville to/in townmer la seamontagne la mountainpays le countryquartier le district, neighbourhoodrégion la regionvillage le villageville la town, city

(h) Dimensions

bas/basse lowcourt shortétroit narrowgrand big, tallgros/grosse big, fathaut highlarge wide, broadlong/longue longmince thin, slimmoyen/enne average, mediumpetit small, little

3 Time

(a) Calendar

c’est le premier/ it’s the first (of) le deux… it’s the second (of)c’est quel jour? what day is it ?quelle est la date? what is the date ?

days:lundi, mardi, Monday, Tuesdaymercredi, jeudi, Wednesday, Thursdayvendredi, samedi, Friday, Saturdaydimanche Sunday

months:janvier, février, mars, January, February; Marchavril, mai, juin, April, May, Junejuillet, août, July, Augustseptembre, octobre, September, Octobernovembre, décembre November, December

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seasons:printemps le Spring,été l’ (m) Summerautomne l’ (m) Autumn,hiver l’ (m) Winteran l’ (m) yearannée l’ (f) yearcongé le holiday, leavefête la name day, festivaljour le dayjour férié le public holidaymois le monthNoël ChristmasNouvel An le New YearPâques Easterquinze jours fortnightrentrée (scolaire) la start of school yearsaison la seasonsemaine la weekvacances les (f) holiday(s)week-end le weekend

(b) Clock

Numbers 1-60(à) quelle heure…? (at) what time?à 9 heures etc. at 9 o’clock etc.(et) demie half (past)environ aboutheure l’ (f) hour, timeil est…heure(s) it is … o’clockmidi middayminuit midnightminute la minutemoins (dix) (ten) to(et) quart quarter (past)quelle heure est-il? what time is it ?vers about

(c) Point in time

après-demain the day after tomorrowaprès-midi l’ (m or f) afternoonaujourd’hui todayavant beforeavant-hier the day before

yesterdaybientôt soonce matin this morningde bonne heure earlydemain tomorrowen train de busy doing

(something)hier yesterday

instant l’ (m) momentdans un instant in a momentlendemain le the next daymaintenant nowmatin le morningmoment le momenten ce moment at the momentnuit la nightpendant duringrécemment recentlyrécent recentsoir le eveningsoirée la eveningtard latetôt early

(d) Length of time

combien de temps? how long ?durer to lastjusqu’à untillongtemps for a long timetemps le time

(e) Frequency

d’habitude usuallyde temps en temps from time to timeencore une fois once againfois la time deux fois twiceen général in general, usuallygénéralement generally, as a rulele lundi etc. on Mondays etc.normalement normallyparfois sometimesquelquefois sometimesseul onlyseulement onlysouvent oftentoujours always, stilltous les jours every daytoutes les ... minutes every … minutes

(f) Sequence

alors then, soaprès afterd’abord firstenfin finally, at lastensuite then, nextet andpremier/ère firstplus tard laterpuis then

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(g) Imminence

à bientôt see you soonà demain see you tomorrowà l’avance beforehand, in advanceà l’heure on timeà lundi etc. see you on Monday etc.à toute à l’heure see you lateren retard latesur le point de on the point of, just

about totout de suite straight away, at once

(h) Rapidity

à toute vitesse at full/top speedcent kilomètres a hundred kilometres à l’heure etc. an hour etc.lent slowlentement slowlyrapide fast, quickrapidement quicklysoudain suddenlyvite quickly

(i) Contemporaneousness

en même temps at the same timependant que while

(j) Begin, continue and end

(s)’arrêter to stopà partir de from (+date, time)commencer to begin, to startcontinuer to continuedébut le start, beginningfin la endfinir to finishterminer to finish, complete

(k) Change and permanence

changer to changedevenir to becomerester to stay, to remain

4 Qualities and Characteristics

(a) Size

centimètre le centimetrecombien? how much/many ?comment? how ?kilomètre le kilometre

mesurer (.…mètres) to be (… metres) tallmètre le metrepeser (….kilos) to weigh (… kilos)pointure la size (of shoes)taille la size

+ see 2h

(b) Age

adolescent(e) adolescentadulte l’ (m/f) adultâge l’ (m) ageâgé oldaîné elderancien/enne former, old, ex-…avoir …ans to be … years oldbébé le babycadet/ette youngest, youngerjeune youngmoderne modernné le.. born on the …neuf/ve (brand) newnouveau/elle newvieux/vieille old

(c) Appearance

avoir l’air to look, seem, appearbeau/belle beautiful, good-lookingdur hardjoli prettyplein fullpropre cleansale dirtysec/sèche drysembler to seemsévère strictstrict strict, severevide empty

(d) Quantity

assez enough, quitebeaucoup a lot, very muchboîte la box, tinbouteille la bottlechaque eachdouzaine (de), la dozenencore du/de la etc. some moregramme le gramkilo le kilo(gram)litre le litremorceau le piece, bitpaquet le packet

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pas mal de quite a lot ofpeu littleplein de lots ofplus moreplusieurs severalpot le jarpresque nearly, almostquelques some, a fewrare rarerien nothingtout all, everythingtranche la slicetrès verytrop (de) too much/manyun peu (de) a littleun/une/des a/someunique only

(e) Shape

carré squarerond round

(f) Temperature

climat le climatedegré le degreefaire + chaud, froid to be hot, cold

(weather) avoir + chaud, froid to be hot, cold (person) être + chaud, froid to be hot, cold (things,

eg food)météo la weather forecasttempérature la temperature

(g) Quality

affreux/euse awfulagréable nice, pleasantaimable kindamusant amusingbavard talkativebien well, goodbon goodcélèbre famouschouette brilliantcomique comical, funny (film

etc.)compliqué complicatedconfortable comfortabledangereux/euse dangerousdrôle funnyexcellent excellentfantastique (le) fantasy, fantasticfrais/fraîche fresh, cool

génial greatgentil/le nice, kindimportant important, considerable (of

money)inutile uselessjoyeux/euse happymauvais badmeilleur better, best (adj)mieux better, best (adv)pénible a nuisance, hard (of

work)pratique handy, practicalsimple simpletypique typicalutile useful

(h) Access

complet/ète full (up)fermé closedfermer to closeinterdit forbiddenlibre free, vacantoccupé occupied, busyouvert openouvrir to open

(i) Value

argent l’ (m) money … de poche pocket moneybien/mal payé well/badly paidbillet le (bank)note … de x francs/euros x franc/euro notebon marché cheapcentime le centcher/chère dear, expensivecoûter to costeuro l’ (m) eurofranc le francgratuit free (no cost)livre sterling la pound (money)monnaie la change, currencypièce (de…euro[s]) la (… euro) coinprix le price prix fixe fixed/set price prix réduit reduced priceréduction la reductionsalaire le salarysoldes les (m) sale(s)

(j) Correctness

avoir raison to be rightavoir tort to be wrong

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correct correctcorriger to mark, to correctdevoir to have to (ought,

should)erreur l’ (f) error, mistakeexact exact, rightexactement exactlyfaute la faultfaux/fausse falseil faut it is necessaryjuste fair, rightnécessaire necessaryobligatoire compulsoryparfait perfectvrai true

(k) Nationality

nationalities:allemand Germanaméricain Americananglais Englishbelge Belgianbritannique Britishcanadien/enne Canadianécossais Scottishespagnol Spanishfrançais Frenchgallois Welshgrec/grecque Greekhollandais Dutchirlandais Irishitalien/enne Italianportugais Portuguesesuisse Swiss

countries and continents:Afrique l’ (f) AfricaAllemagne l’ (f) GermanyAmérique l’(f) (South) AmericaAngleterre l’(f) EnglandBelgique la BelgiumCanada le CanadaEcosse l’(f) ScotlandEspagne l’(f) SpainEtats-Unis les (m) United States, AmericaEurope l’ (f) EuropeFrance la FranceGrande-Bretagne la Great BritainGrèce la GreeceHollande la HollandIrlande l’ (f) IrelandItalie l’ (f) ItalyPays de Galles le WalesPortugal le Portugal

Suisse la Switzerland

+ Geographical locations:Douvres DoverEdimbourg EdinburghLondres LondonManche la (English) ChannelMéditerranée la Mediterranean

(l) Facility

aider to helpdifficile difficultdifficulté la difficultyessayer (de) to try (to)facile easypouvoir to be able toproblème le problem

(m) Interest

animé livelyavec plaisir with pleasurebarbant boringbof! (exclamation showing

lack of enthusiasm)bonne idée good ideabravo well done, bravo !ça dépend it/that dependsça me fait rire it makes me laughça ne me dit rien it doesn’t appeal to me

I don’t feel like itça ne va pas I’m not well, it’s no

goodça va it’s ok, all rightd’accord ok, all right (=

agreement)enchanté delighted, pleased to

meet youennuyeux/euse boringentendu agreed, okextra excellentfavori/ite favouriteformidable greatintéressant interestingintéresser, s’ …. à to be interested inj’en ai marre I’ve had enough, I’m

fed upje veux bien I’d love tomagnifique magnificentmoche awful, rottenpassion la passionpassionnant fascinating, excitingplaire to pleases’il vous plaît please

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super great, wonderful

(n) Emotion

adorer to love, to adoreaimer to likeavoir de la chance to be luckyavoir peur to be frightened, to be

afraidcontent pleaseddésolé sorrydétester to hate, to detestdommage shame, pitymon Dieu! Oh my god !plaire to pleasepréférer to prefers’excuser to apologizetriste sadzut! oh hell!

(o) Strength

aller bien/mieux to be well/bettercomme ci comme ça so-soêtre en forme to be fitfaible weakfatigué tiredfort strongmalade ill, poorlynul/nulle rubbish, hopelesspauvre poorriche richsain healthysanté la health

(p) Materials

bois le woodcuir le leatherpapier le paperplastique le plasticverre le glass

(q) Taste and smell

délicieux/euse deliciousgoût le tastegoûter to tasteodeur l’ (f) smellparfum le flavoursentir (bon/mauvais) to smell (good/bad)sucré sweet, sweetened

(r) Colour

de quelle couleur? what colour ?blanc/blanche whitebleu blueblond blondbrun brownclair lightfoncé darkgris greyjaune yellowmarron brownnoir blackorange orangerose pinkrouge redroux/rousse red (of hair)vert greenviolet/ette purple

(s) Personal characteristics

casse-pieds a pain in the neckéquilibré (well) balancedfatigant tiringheureux/euse happyidiot stupid, sillyimpatient impatientimpoli impolite, rudeintelligent intelligentmalheureux/euse unhappyméchant nasty, naughtyoptimiste optimisticparesseux/euse lazypatient patientpersonnalité la character, personalitypessimiste pessimisticplein de vie full of lifepoli politesportif/ive sportysympa nicetimide shytravailleur/euse hard-working

(t) Audibility

bruit le noisecalme quiet, calm, peacefulécouter to listen (to)entendre to hearfort loudrépéter to repeatsilence le silence

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(u) Degree, manner

surtout especiallyvraiment really+ see 4d

5 Mental Notions

(a) Senses

avoir faim to be hungryavoir soif to be thirstyregarder to look at, to watchrevoir to see againtoucher to touchvoir to seevue la sight

(b) Communication

(s’)appeler to be calledbavarder to chatcomprendre to understanddemander to askdire to say, to telldiscuter to discuss, to argueécrire to writelangue la language, tonguelettre la lettermot le wordparler to speak, to talkraconter to tell (a story)répondre to answer, to replysourire to smiletéléphoner to (tele)phonevoix la voice

(c) Expression

avoir envie (de) to want, to feel likedésirer to wantespérer to hopesavoir to know (how to)vouloir to want (to)

(d) Reflection

à mon avis in my opinionchoisir to choosechoix le choicecroire to believe, to thinkdécider to decideopinion l’ (f) opinionoublier to forgetpenser to think

rappel le reminder,souvenir le souvenir

6 Relations

(a) Logical

aussi also, as well, tooc’est-à-dire that iscar for, becausecependant howevercomme as, likedonc so, thereforemais butni … ni neither … nor(moi) non plus neither (do I)ou orparce que becausepourquoi whysi if

(b) Actions

acheter to buys’amuser to have a good time,

to enjoy oneselfapprendre to learn, to teachs’asseoir to sit downboire to drinkchercher to look forcomparer to comparese coucher to lie down, to go to beddanser to dancedormir to sleepenvoyer to sendétudier to studyfaire to do, to makefumer to smokegagner to earn, to wininviter to invitejouer to play(se) laver to (have a) wash(se) lever to raise (to get up)lire to readlouer to hire, to rent, to letmanger to eatmarcher to walk, to worknager to swimpasser le temps à to spend (one’s) time

(doing)payer to pay (for)perdre to loseporter to carry, to wearpousser to pushpréparer to prepare

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prêter to lendse promener to go for a walkrecevoir to receiverefuser to refuserencontrer to meetréserver to book, to reservese réveiller to wake upsigner to signtirer to pulltravailler to worktrouver to findutiliser to usevendre to sellvisiter to visitvoyager to travel

(c) Question words

combien how much/manycomment howest-ce que is/does/has etc.

(turns followingstatement into question)

où wherepourquoi whyqu’est-ce que whatqu’est-ce que c’est what is itquand whenque whatquel/quelle which, whatqui whoquoi what

(d) Indefinites

aucun not … any, no, nonechose la thinggens les (m) peopleon one, we, youpas grand-chose not muchpersonne no-one, nobodyquelqu’un someone, somebodyquelque chose somethingsorte la sort

(e) Referring to the Future

à l’avenir in the futurepour forprochain next eg l’été prochain, eg next summer la semaine prochainenext week

+ Future tense

aller + infinitive to be going to (do something)

je voudrais I’d like to+ infinitive (do something)

Present tense + future time reference+ see 3c General Vocabulary

(f) Referring to the Present

Present tense+ see 3c General Vocabulary

(g) Referring to the Past

c’était it wasça fait 2 ans (I’ve been living here) (que j’habite ici) for 2 yearsdans le passé in the pastdéjà already, beforedepuis sincedernier/ère last eg samedi dernier, eg last Saturdayl’année dernière etc. last year etc.il y a + time …agoil y avait there was/were

+ Past tenses+ see 3c General Vocabulary

(h) Ownership

(c’est) à moi etc. it’s mine etc.avoir to have

+ possessive adjectives & pronouns

(i) Similarity and difference

à part apart from, exceptautre otheravantage l’ (m) advantagecontraire le opposite, contrarydifférence la differencedifférent differentêtre pour/contre to be for/againstinconvénient l’ (m) disadvantagemême samepar contre on the other handsauf exceptaussi…que as … asmoins…que less …than, not as … asplus…que more than, …er than+ regular comparatives

Numbers

1-1000 + million

Letters of the alphabet

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Vocabulary List – Topic Based

Theme 1 My World1A Self, Family and Friends

agent de police l’ (m) police officerami(e) friendamitiés regards, best wishesanimal l’ (m) animal, petanniversaire l’ (m) birthday, anniversaryau revoir goodbyeavenue l’ (f) avenuebarbe la beardbeau-frère le brother-in-lawbeau-père le father-in-law, stepfatherbelle-mère la mother-in-law, stepmotherbelle-soeur la sister-in-lawbien sûr of coursebienvenue la welcomebon anniversaire happy birthdaybon voyage have a good journeybon week-end have a nice weekendbonjour hello, good morning, good

daybonne année happy new yearbonne chance good luckbonne fête happy name daybonne nuit good nightbonsoir good eveningboucher/ère butcherboulanger/ère bakerboulevard le boulevardbureau le office, deskça va? are you all right ?caissier /ère cashier, checkout operatorcélibataire single, unmarriedchat/chatte catchauffeur le drivercheval le horsecheveux les (m) hairchien/chienne dog/bitchchômage le unemploymentcoiffeur/euse hairdressercopain/copine (boy-/girl-)friendcorrespondant(e) pen-friendcousin(e) cousindemi-frère le half-brotherdemi-sœur la half-sisterdentiste le/la dentistdirecteur/directrice manager, head-teacherdivorcé divorcedemployé(e) employee (de banque etc.) (in a bank etc.)enfant l’ (m) childépaule l’ (f) shoulderépicier/ère grocerfacteur le postmanfamille la family

femme la woman, wifefermier/ère farmerfille la girl, daughterfils le sonfrère le brothergant le glovegarçon le boygarçon de café, le waitergrand-mère la grandmothergrand-parent le grandparentgrand-père le grandfatherhabiter to live (in)hamster l’ (m) hamsterhomme l’ (m) manhospitalité l’ (f) hospitalityhôtesse de l’air, l’ (f) air hostessinfirmier/ère nurseingénieur l’ (m) engineerinvitation l’ (f) invitationlapin le (m) rabbitlunettes les (f) glasses, spectaclesmadame madam, Mrsmademoiselle missmaman mum, mummymari le husbandmarié marriedmédecin le doctormembre(s) de la member(s) of the family famille, le(s)merci thank youmère la mothermonsieur sir, Mrmort deadmort la deathnom le (sur)nameoiseau l’ (m) birdoncle l’ (m) unclepapa dad, daddyparents les (m) parentspère le fatherpleurer to cry, to weeppoisson le fishprénom le first nameprésenter to introduce, to presentprofesseur le/la teacherprofession la professionpropriétaire le/la owner, landlord/landladyremercier to thankrire to laughrue la streetsac à main, le handbagsalut Hi !sans travail out of work

Vocabulary in the Specification – by Themes/ModulesTHEME/MODULE 1 MY WORLD

1A Self, Family and Friends

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secrétaire le/la secretaryséjour le stayséparé separatedserveur/euse waitersœur la sistersouris la mousetante la aunttravailler comme/ to work as/ chez/dans for/invendeur/euse shop assistantvisage le facevisite la visitvoisin(e) neighbouryeux les (m) eyes

1B Interests and Hobbies

bande dessinée, la comic strip, cartoonbasket le basketballboum la partycartes les (f) cardscassette la cassetteCD le CDcinéma le cinemaclub le clubconcert le concertconcours le competitioncourir to runcyclisme le cyclingdisco(thèque) la discodisque le record, discdisque compact compact discempêcher to preventéquipe l’ (f) teaméquitation l’ (f) (horse-)ridingfilm le filmfootball le footballfrapper to strike, to hit, to kickgroupe le groupgymnastique la gymnasticshandball le handballhockey le hockeyjeu le gamejeu-vidéo le video-gamelecture la readingloisir le leisurematch le matchmembre le membermusique la (pop/classical/rock) (pop/classique/rock) musicmontrer to shownatation la swimmingoccasion l’ (f) opportunity, chanceon se retrouve à what time shall we quelle heure? meet ?orchestre l’ (m) orchestra, band

ordinateur l’ (m) computerparc le parkpartie la gamepasse-temps le pastime, hobbypatinoire la skating rinkpêche la fishingphoto la photopiano le pianopiscine la swimming poolprêt readypromenade la walk, ride (eg in car)radio la radiorandonnée la ramble, ride (eg on bike)rendez-vous le appointment, dateroman le novelrugby le rugbysauter to jumpse reposer to restsi on allait …? shall we go … ?,

how about going …?sport le sportstade le stadium, sports groundtélévision la televisiontennis le tennisterrain le ground, pitchthéâtre le theatre faire du théâtre to actvélo le bike

1C Home and Local Environment

à pied on footadresse l’ (f) addressappartement l’ (m) flatarbre l’ (m) treearmoire l’ (f) wardrobearrêt d’autobus, l’ (m) bus stopauto l’ (f) carautobus l’ (m) busbâtiment le buildingbord le edge, sidebus le buscanapé le sofa, setteecar le coach (bus)cathédrale la cathedralcave la cellarchaîne-stéréo la music centre, hi-fi systemchaise la chairchambre la bedroomchamp le fieldchâteau le castle, stately homechauffage central le central heatingcode postal le post codecollège/C.E.S le secondary schoolcuisine la kitchen, cookingcuisinière électrique/ electric/gasà gaz la cooker

20

douche la showerécole (primaire) l’ (f) (primary) schooléglise l’ (f) churchendroit l’ (m) placeescalier l’ (m) stairsétage l’ (m) storey, floorfauteuil le armchairfenêtre la windowferme la farmfleur la flowerfour le oven … à micro-ondes microwave (oven)frigo le fridgegarage le garagegare la (train) stationgare routière la bus stationhabitant(e) inhabitanthi-fi la hi-fihistorique historichôtel de ville l’ (m) town hallimmeuble l’ (m) block of flatsindustriel/elle industrialjardin le gardenlampe la lamplavabo le washbasinlave-vaisselle le dishwasherlit le bedmachine à laver la washing machinemagasin le shopmairie la town hallmaison la housemétro le underground (railway), metromeuble le furnituremiroir le mirrormonument le monumentmoquette la carpetmouton le sheepmur le wallmusée le museumpartager to sharepelouse la lawnpièce la roomplacard le cupboardplace la square (in town)plage la beachplante la plantpont le bridgeport le portporte la door, gateposter le posterréveil le alarm clockrez-de-chaussée le ground floorrideau le curtainrivière la riverroute la road

salle à manger la dining roomsalle de bains la bathroomsalle de séjour la living room, loungesalon le lounge, living roomstation la (underground) stationstationnement le parkingstationner to parktable la tabletapis le carpet, rugtéléphone le telephonetoilettes les (f) toilet(s)train le traintrajet le journey, tripvache la cowvivre to livevoiture la carvue la viewWC les (m) toilet

1D Daily Routine

affaires les (f) things, gearaller au lit to go to bed(s’)approcher to approach, to come closerbain le bathbiscuit le biscuitcafé le (black) coffeecafé-crème le coffee with milkcantine la canteencéréales les (f) cerealschips les (f) crispscours le lesson, class avoir cours à to have (a) class atcroissant le croissantdéjeuner le lunch (verb) to have lunch(se) dépêcher to hurrydessert le dessert, puddingdevoirs les (m) homeworkdîner le dinner, evening meal (verb) to have dinnereau l’ (f) waterfrites les (f) chipsfruit le fruitgâteau le cakegoûter le tea (meal)heure du lunchtime déjeuner, l’ (f)jus de fruit, le fruit juice d’orange etc. orange juice etc.lait le milkpain le bread pain grillé toastpetit déjeuner, le breakfast

21

potage le souprécréation la break, playtimerepas le mealrôti le roast un rôti (de boeuf) roast (beef)sandwich le sandwichsoupe la soupthé le tea (drink)toast le (piece of) toastuniforme l’ (m) uniformvêtements les (m) clothesviande la meat

1E School and Future Plans (up to age 18)

allemand l’ (m) Germananglais l’ (m) Englishappel l’ (m) register, registrationart dramatique, l’ (m) dramabibliothèque la librarybic le birobiologie la biologyça s’écrit comment? how do you spell it/that ?cahier le exercise bookcentre sportif le sports centrechimie la chemistrycomment dit-on… how do you say … en français? in French ?copier to copycour la playground, yardcours le lesson, classcrayon le pencilde rien not at all, don’t mention itdécrire to describedemi-pensionnaire pupil who has school dinner le/ladessin le drawing, artdessiner to drawdialogue le dialogueéchange l’ (m) exchangeéducation physique/ physical education/ EPS l’ (f) PEélève l’ (m/f) pupilemploi du timetable temps l’ (m)enseignement l’ (m) education, teachingen sixième etc. in Year 7 etc.épeler to spell

épreuve l’ (f) testespagnol l’ (m) Spanishétude l’ (f) studyexamen l’ (m) exam(ination)faire attention to be carefulfrançais le Frenchgéographie la geographygomme la eraser, rubberhistoire l’ (f) historyinformatique l’ (f) IT, computinginstruction civique l’ (f) citizenship, civicsje n’ai pas de… I don’t have …je ne sais pas I don’t knowje peux avoir …? can I have … ?laboratoire le laboratoryleçon la lessonlivre le booklycée le (sixth form) collegemaths les (f) mathsmatière la subjectmi-trimestre le half-termmixte mixed (of school)page la page c’est quelle page? what page is it ?partenaire le/la partner travailler avec to work with un/une partenaire a partnerpasser un examen to take an examphysique la physicsposer des questions to ask questionsprojet le planque veut dire… what does … mean en anglais? in English ?règle la rulerreligion la religionsalle de classe, la classroomsciences les (f) sciencescolaire school- (adjective) la journée scolaire school daysondage le survey, opinion pollstylo le pentableau (noir/blanc) le (black/white) boardtechnologie la technologytravail le worktrimestre le termtu es en quelle classe? what class are you in ?tu peux me prêter…? can you lend me … ?tu veux m’aider? will you help me ?

2A Travel, Transport and Finding the Way

aéroport l’ (m) airportaller-retour l’ (m) returnaller simple l’ (m) single

arrivée l’ (f) arrivalautoroute l’ (f) motorway (la A6 etc.) (the A6 etc.)bagages les (m) luggage

THEME/MODULE 2 HOLIDAY TIME & TRAVEL

22

billet le ticketbuffet le buffetcarnet le book of ticketscarrefour le crossroads, junctioncarte la mapclasse la classcoin le cornercomposter to punch (ticket)consigne la left-luggage office (automatique) (left-luggage locker)défense de (fumer) no (smoking)départ le departuredépartement le area of France, equivalent

to English countydestination la destinationdirect directdirection la directionentrée l’ (f) way in, entranceessence l’ (f) petrolexcusez-moi excuse mefeux les (m) traffic lights feu rouge le red lightfrein le brakefumeur, non-fumeur smoking, non-smokinggendarme le policemanguichet le counter, ticket officehôpital l’ (m) hospitalhoraire l’ (m) timetableligne la linepardon sorry, excuse mepermis (de conduire) le (driving) licencepiéton le pedestrianplan (de la ville) le (town) planpolice-secours emergency servicesquai le platformrenseignements information les (m)réservation la reservation/bookingretour le returnrond-point le roundaboutroue la wheelRoute Nationale, la main (A) road (la N7 etc.) (the N7 etc.)salle d’attente, la waiting roomsortie la exit, junction (on motorway) sortie de secours emergency exitstation-service la petrol station, service

stationticket le ticket (bus, metro)vérifier to checkvoie la trackvoyageur le passenger, traveller

+ see 1C

2B Tourism

à l’étranger abroadagence de travel agency voyages l’ (f)avion l’ (m) planebateaule boatcamping le camping, campsite faire du camping to go campingcaravane la caravandortoir le dormitorydouane la customsdrapeau le flagensoleillé sunnyfaire du brouillard to be foggyfaire du soleil to be sunnyfaire beau to be nice (of weather)faire du vent to be windyfaire mauvais to be bad (of weather)geler to freezegîte le holiday house/cottagehôtel l’ (m) hotelîle l’ (f) island, islelac le lakeneige la snowneiger to snownuage le cloudpéage le pay station (on motorway)pleuvoir to rainpluie la rainpluvieux rainyprévisions les (f) forecastrestaurant le restaurantsable le sandvalise la (suit)casevol le flight

2C Accommodation

amicalement yours (at end of letter)arrhes les (f) depositauberge de youth hostel jeunesse, l’ (f) (en) avance earlybalcon le balconybar le barbrosse à dents la toothbrushchambre de libre la free/available roomchambre la (bed)room … double ....double … de famille ....family … pour une personne ....singleclé/clef la keyconfirmer to confirm

23

dentifrice le toothpasteeau potable l’ (f) drinking water … non potable … not for drinkingemplacement l’ (m) site (space for tent/caravan)garer to parkloger to staypar per…personne … person …nuit … nightparking le car parkpasseport le passportpension complète la full boarddemi-pension la bed breakfast and

evening mealplace la room, spacepour for … x nuit[s] … x nights … x personne[s] … x peoplerecommander to recommendsavon le soapservir to serveserviette la towel, serviettetente la tent

2D Holiday Activities

addition l’ (f) billassiette l’ (f) plateballe la ball (tennis etc.)ballon le ball (football etc.)bol le bowlboules les (f) bowls (game)c’est quoi? what is it ?carte la menuciel le skycolline la hillcommander to ordercouloir le corridorcouteau le knifecroque-monsieur le toasted ham and cheese

sandwichcrudités les (f) assorted raw vegetablescuiller/ère la spoonfourchette la forkgarçon! waiter !hors-d’œuvre l’ (m) startermademoiselle! miss! (to call waitress)menu le menu … à x francs/euros x franc/euro menu … à prix fixe ...set/fixed price menuorangina l’ (f) orangina (branded orange

drink)pâtisserie la pastry, cakeplanche à voile la windsurfing (board)plat du jour le dish of the day

pour commencer to startqueue la queuese baigner to go for a swimservice le serviceservice (non) compris service charge (not)

includedski le ski, skiingsports d’hiver les (m) winter sportstasse la cupvoile la sail(ing)volley le volleyball

+ see 3B

2E Services

ambulance l’ (f) ambulanceattendez la tonalité wait for the dialling toneau secours ! help !avoir mal to be in pain à + part of body to have a pain/ache inblessé hurt, injuredboîte aux lettres la letter boxbouche la mouthbras le armbureau de change le bureau de change (for

changing currency)cabine téléphonique la phone boxcaisse la cash-desk, checkoutcarte postale, la postcardcasser to breakceinture de sécurité la seatbeltchèque de voyage le traveller’s chequecomposez le numéro dial the numbercomprimé le tabletcorps le bodycou le neckcouper to cutdécrochez pick up (the phone)dent la toothdocteur le doctordoigt le fingerdos le backenrhumé suffering from a coldestomac l’ (m) stomachfièvre la temperature, fevergenou le kneegorge la throatgrave seriousgrippe la fluintroduisez put in, insert la télécarte the phonecard une pièce de a x franc/euro coin x franc[s]/euro[s]incendie l’ (m) firejambe la leg

24

lettre la letterlocation la hire, rentalmain la hand(avoir) mal au cœur (to feel) sickmédicament le medicinemettre à la poste to postnez le nosenombre le numberobjets trouvés les (m) lost propertyœil l’/yeux les (m) eye/eyesoreille l’ (f) earpaquet le parcelpastilles les (f) pastilles, throat sweetspharmacien/enne chemistpolice la policeposte la post (office)poste de police le police stationpourboire le tipraccrochez hang up (on phone)retirez (la télécarte) remove (the phonecard)rhume le coldsac de couchage le sleeping bagsapeurs-pompiersles (m) fire brigadesirop le syrup, mixture (medicine)télécarte la phonecardtête la headtimbre le stamp … à x francs/euros ...x franc/euro stamptrousse de premiers secours, la first aid kitventre le stomachvomir to vomit, to be sickVTT le mountain bike

THEME/MODULE 3 WORK &LIFESTYLE

3A Home Life

chanter to singcourses les (f) shoppingdébarrasser to clear (table)jardinage le gardeningménage le houseworknettoyer to cleanpasser l’aspirateur to vacuumpoubelle la dustbinranger to tidy, to put awayreligieux/euse religiousspécial specialvaisselle la washing-up

+ see 1A, 1B, 1D

3B Healthy Living

abricot l’ (m) apricotananas l’ (m) pineapplebaguette la French stick/loafbanane la bananabeurre le butterbière la beerbifteck le steakbœuf le beefboisson la drinkbon appétit enjoy your mealbonbon le sweetcarotte la carrotcerise la cherrychampignon le mushroomchocolat le chocolate chocolat chaud hot chocolatechou le cabbagechou-fleur le cauliflowercidre le cidercitron le lemoncoca (cola) le coke (coca cola)confiture la jamcrème la creamcrêpe la pancakeeau minérale l’ (f) mineral wateren forme fitfraise la strawberryframboise la raspberryfromage le cheesefruits de mer les (m) seafoodglace la ice cream, icegras le fathamburger l’ (m) hamburgerharicot vert le green beanhuile l’ (f) oiljambon le hamlégume le vegetablelimonade la lemonademoutarde la mustardnourriture la foodœuf l’ (m) eggomelette l’ (f) omeletteparfum le flavourpâté le pâtépâtes les (f) pastapêche la peachpetits pois les (m) peaspizza la pizzaplat le dish, course (of meal) plat principal main coursepoire la pearpoivre le pepperpomme la applepomme de terre la potato

25

porc le porkpoulet le chickenraisin le grapesriz le ricesalade la saladsauce la sauce, gravysaucisse la sausagesaucisson le salami, sausagesel le saltspaghettis les (m) spaghettispécialité la specialitysteak le steaksucre le sugartomate la tomatovanille la vanillaveau le vealvégétarien/enne vegetarianvin le winevinaigre le vinegarvitamine la vitaminyaourt le yoghurt

+ see 1D

3C Part-Time Jobs and Work Experience

à l’appareil speaking (on phone)allô hello (on phone)baby-sitting le baby-sittingclient(e) customer, clientconnaître to knowde la part de (qui) from (whom)

(e.g. a message)distribuer to deliver, to distributeéconomies les (f) savingsemploi l’ (m) jobjob le (part-time) jobjournal le newspaperlaisser to leavelivrer to delivermachine la machinemessage le messagemétier le jobnuméro de téléphone phone number leorganiser to organizepatron/onne bossphotocopie la photocopyrappeler to call backrépondeur le answering machinesalaire le salarystage le work experience,

training coursetaxi le taxitéléphone portable le mobile phone

tout le monde everybody, everyoneusine l’ (f) factoryvarié varied

+ see 1A,1 B, 1C, 1D, 1E

3D Leisure

à part apart from, exceptaccepter to acceptacteur/actrice actor/actressattendre to wait (for)bal le dancebalcon le circle (upstairs at cinema)brochure la brochurebureau de information office renseignements lecertainement certainlychanson la songchanteur/euse singercirque le circusdépliant le leafletdocumentaire le documentaryémission l’ (f) programme (tv/radio)entrée l’ (f) entrance charge,

admissionétudiant(e) studentexcursion l’ (f) excursionfeuilleton le serial, soap (tv)film le film … comique comedy … d’amour love story … d’aventures adventure … … d’épouvante horror … … d’horreur horror … … de science fiction science fiction …il s’agit de it’s aboutinformations les (f) newsliste la listmalheureusement unfortunatelyoffice de tourisme l’(m) tourist information officepièce d’identité la identificationpièce de théâtre la playplace la seat (at cinema, on bus

etc.)policier crime/detective (film,

story)programme le programmeproposer to suggestpublicité la advert, advertisingraison la reasonregretter to regret, to misssalle la auditorium (at cinema)séance la showing (at cinema)série la series

26

sous-titré subtitledspectacle le showsurprise la surprisesyndicat d’initiative le tourist information officetouriste le/la touristvedette la star (film)version (française) la (French) soundtrack … originale ...original

+ see 1A, 1B

3E Shopping

achat l’ (m) purchasealimentation l’ (f) food shopanorak l’ (m) anorakappareil-photo l’ (m) cameraascenseur l’ (m) liftbanque la bankbaskets les (f) trainersblouson le jacketboucherie la butcher’sboulangerie la baker’sboutique la (small) shopcadeau le present, giftcaisse la till, checkoutcarte de crédit la credit cardcasquette la capcentre commercial le shopping centrechapeau le hatcharcuterie la pork butcher’s,

cooked meats (shop)chaussette la sockchaussure la shoechemise la shirtconfiserie la sweet shopcoton le cottoncravate la tiecuir le leatherdépenser to spendenveloppe l’ (f) envelopeépicerie l’ (f) grocer’s

grand magasin le (department) storehypermarché l’ (m) hypermarketimper(méable) l’ (m) raincoat, macjean le (pair of) jeansjogging le track suitjupe la skirtlaine la woollibrairie la book shopmagazine le magazinemaillot de bain le swimming costume, trunksmanteau le coatmarchand le shopkeeper/stallholder

(at market)marché le marketmode la fashionmontre la watchmouchoir le handkerchiefoffre l’ (f) offerpaire la pairpantalon le (pair of) trousersparapluie le umbrellaparfum le perfumeparfumerie la perfume shoppâtisserie la cake (shop)pharmacie la chemist’spique-nique le picnicportefeuille le walletporte-monnaie le pursepull(over) le sweater, pullover, jumperpyjama le (pair of) pyjamasrayon le shelf, department (in

store)robe la dresssac le bagshort le (pair of) shortssous-sol le basementsupermarché le supermarketsweat-shirt le sweat shirttabac le tobacco bureau de … le tobacconist’strou le holeT-shirt le tee-shirtveste la jacket

+ see 1C, 1D, 3B

THEME/MODULE 4 THE YOUNGPERSON IN SOCIETY

4A Character and Personal Relationships

amour l’ (m) lovebête silly, stupidcritiquer to criticizedispute la argument

permission la permissionpetit(e) ami(e) boy-(girl-)friendrapports les (m) relationships’entendre avec to get on (well) withsage good (well-behaved), wisese disputer to arguesens de l’humour le sense of humour

+ see 1A, 3D

27

4B The Environment

camion le lorrycentre de recyclage recycling centre lecirculation la trafficcité la (housing) estatedanger le dangerdéchets les wasteembouteillage l’ (m) traffic jamenvironnement l’ (m) environmentespace l’ (m) spacefumée la smokegaz le gasHLM l’ (m) council flatheures d’affluence rush hour les (f)jeter to throw (away)local locallogement le housing, accommodationmaison individuelle, la detached housemaison jumelée, la semi-detached housemonde le worldpar terre on the groundpollué pollutedpollution la pollutionstudio le studio, small flattransports en public transport commun les (m)trottoir le pavementzone piétonne la pedestrian precinct

+ see 1C,1D, 1E, 2A, 2C

4C Education Issues

affaires de sport les (f) sports gear/equipmentà la mode fashionable, in fashionapprenti(e) apprenticeapprentissage l’ (m) apprenticeshipattaquer to attackbac(calauréat) le ‘A’ levelsbijouterie la jewellerycauser to cause, to chatchic smartdémodé old-fashioneddiscipline la discipline, subjectencourager to encourageformation la training …continue day release ……professionnelle professional …

garder to keep, to look after (children)

graffiti le graffitilycée technique, le technical high schoolmaquillage le make-upnote la mark (at school)option l’ (f) optionprivé privateprotection la protectionprotéger to protectrègle la rulerésultat le resultretenue la detention (at school)sécurité la safety, securityvandalisme le vandalismviolence la violence

+ see 1D, 1E

4D Careers and Future Plans

commerce le business, tradeen plein air in the open airfac la universityfaire dans la vie to do for a livingmarketing le marketingresponsabilité la responsibilitytourisme le tourismuniversité l’ (f) university

+ see 1A, 1E, 2B,3C, 3D, 4C

4E Social Issues, Choices andResponsibilities

alcool l’ (m) alcoholannonce l’ (f) advertcancer le cancercigarette la cigarettedrogue la drugdrogué(e) drug addicthabitude l’ (f) habitimage l’ (f) picturemaladie la illnessoffres d’emploi, les (f) situations vacant, job

opportunitiess’habituer to get used totabac le tobacco

+ see 1A,1C, 3C, 3D, 3E, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D

28

NOTES

1 Adjectives: Irregular or unusual feminine forms have been indicated by a /.E.g. ennuyeux/euse.

2 Nouns : Where a noun has both masculine and feminine forms, this has been showneither by adding (e), or by indicating the feminine form by a /. In these cases the definite article (le/la/l’/les) is omitted.E.g. chanteur/euse

Where the same form of the noun can be either masculine or feminine, this has beenindicated by putting le/la after the noun.E.g. professeur le/la

29

HIGHER TIER VOCABULARY

1A Self, Family & Friends

accueillir to welcomebouclé curlychâtain chestnutconnaissance la acquaintancedécédé deadégoïste selfishfamilial family/domesticfiançailles les (f) engagement

(party)fier/fière proudse fier à to trust (in)frisé curlygosse le/la kid (slang)gronder to tell off/ scoldhaïr to hatejaloux/ouse jealousjumeau/jumelle twinlentilles de contact contact lenses les (f)lieu le placemôme le/la kid (slang)naissance la birthneveu le (nièce la) nephew (niece)paresseux/euse lazypetit-fils le grandsonretraite la retirementsérieux/euse serious / responsibletaquiner to teasetroisième âge le old agerêver to dreamveuf le widower (veuve la) (widow)

1B Interests & Hobbies

apprécier to appreciateatout l’ (m) asset / trumpconcerner to concern en ce qui as far as … is concerne… concernedcouture la sewingse détendre to relaxdire to tempt ça (te/vous) dit do you fancy… ? quelque chose ?égal equal ça m’est égal I don’t carefoire la fair

franchement franklyguerre la warhorreur l’ (f) horror avoir horreur de to loatheimporter to matter n’importe quel/qui/ no matter où what/who/where peu importe it doesn’t matterpeine la trouble ce n’est pas it’s not worth it la peineplaisir le pleasureravi delightedsupporter to bear / standtant so much tant mieux fine/so much the

better tant pis too badtricot le knitting (also woollen

garment)vide-grenier le car-boot salevolontiers gladly

1C Home & Local Environment

ambiance l’ (f) atmosphere / moodarrondissement l’ (m) district (esp. of

Paris)baignoire la bathcasserole la (sauce)panclavier le keyboardcoiffeuse la dressing-tableconstruire to builddéménager to move (house)étagère l’ (f) shelfévier l’ (m) sinkforêt la forestgazon le lawngrenier le atticimprimante l’ (f) printerloyer le rentmagnétoscope le video recorder

(VCR)papier peint le wallpaperPC le PC (personal computer)pittoresque picturesqueproximité la closeness (à proximité) (nearby)

Additional Vocabulary - by Themes/Modules

THEME/MODULE 1 MY WORLD

1A Self, Family & Friends

30

(tout) seul (all) alone (à moi seul) ( to myself)tour la tower block / high-rise

flatsvallée la valleyvolet le shutter

1D Daily Routine

se brosser (les to brush one’s dents/cheveux) (teeth/hair)cochonnerie la rubbish / junk foodse déshabiller to get undressedessuyer to wipe / drys’habiller to get dressedmatinal early risermatinée la morningfaire la grasse to have a lie-in matinéese peigner to comb one’s hairpoussière la dustse presser to hurryse raser to have a shavetorchon le tea-toweltrain-train le routine

1E School & Future Plans (up to age 18)

atelier l’ (m) workshopautrement dit in other wordsblaguer to jokebrevet le (BEPC) end of KS3 exambulletin le school reportcalcul le calculation / sumscar de ramassage school bus lecasier le locker / pigeon-holecomporter to consist of /

includeconseiller (careers) adviser (d’orientation)contrôle le testempêcher to preventEMT l’ (f) design

(technology)enregistrer to recordensemble l’ (m) set dans l’ensemble on the wholemachin le thingmaternelle la nursery schoolmoyenne la averageniveau le levelpassable acceptableprogrès les (m) progress

(usually plural)être reçu to pass

redoubler to repeat a yearremporter (un prix) to win (a prize)scolarisation la schoolingsection (d’anglais) (English) department lasur (vingt) out of (twenty)surveillant le supervisor / prefectse taire to be quietse tromper to make a mistake /

to be wrongtruc le thing

THEME/MODULE 2 HOLIDAY,TIME & TRAVEL

2A Travel, Transport & Finding the Way

à destination de to (trains etc)à peine hardlyà sens unique one-wayaire de repos l’ (f) (motorway) service

areaalentours (pl) (m) surroundingsamende l’ (f) fineannuler to cancelassurance l’ (f) insuranceatterrir to landbanlieue la suburbbouchon le traffic jamcasque le crash helmetchemin de fer le railwaydécoller to take offdébarquer to get off (plane/ship)déposer to drop offdéviation la diversionembarquer to get on board

(plane/ship)en provenance de fromexcès de vitesse l’ (m) speedingfile la lane (on road) tenir la file (de stay in the gauche / droite) left / right hand

laneflèche la arrowflic le cop (slang – police

officer)fond le far endimmatriculation l’ (f) registration (of car)juge le/la judgele long de alonglimite de vitesse la speed limitmanquer to missmilieu le middlemobylette la mopedpanneau le road sign

31

passage à niveau level crossing lepare-brise le windscreenpériphérique la ring-roadpoids lourd le heavy (goods)

vehicleprévention routière la road safetyprévu plannedralentir to slow downroutier le lorry driverSNCF la French railwaysTGV le high-speed traintravaux les (m) roadworksvolant le steering wheel

2B Tourism

affiche l’ (f) posteragité rough (of sea)agricole agriculturalaméliorer to improveaverse l’ (f) downpouravoir lieu to take placebrume la mistchaleur la heatdéçu disappointeddisparaître to disappeardistraction la entertainmentdoux/douce mildéclaircie l’ (f) sunny periodestivant(e) summer visitorétang l’ (m) pondévénement l’ (m) eventfleuve le riverfrais/fraîche cool / fresh(pas) grand-chose (not) muchjardin zoologique le zoomarée la tidemouiller to wetorage l’ (m) stormpaisible peacefulparaître to appearpaysage le sceneryprofond deepremarquer to noticeruisseau le streamstation balnéaire la sea-side resortstation de ski la ski resorttremper to soakson et lumière le sound & light showtraversée la crossingverglas le black ice

2C Accommodation

aménagé well-equipped

bruyant noisycaution la (breakage) depositchambre d’hôte la bed and breakfast

(establishment)chauffé heateddéranger to disturbfiche la formloyer le rentombragé shadyse plaindre to complainprise la (electric) socketréchaud le (camping) stovereçu le receiptrobinet le tap

2D Holiday Activities

à point medium rare (of meat)

alpinisme l’ (m) climbingbien cuit well done (of food)bricolage le do-it-yourselfdeltaplane le hang-glidereffrayant frighteningescalade l’ (f) rock-climbingmaître-nageur le life-guardmerguez la (spicy) sausagemoniteur le instructorparc d’attractions le theme parkpellicule la film (for camera)plongée scuba-diving sous-marine laplonger to divepression la draught beerrigolo amusingsaignant rare (of meat)sous-marin underwatersouterrain underground

2E Services

abîmer to damageannuaire l’ (m) (telephone) directoryargent l’ (m) silverarracher (une dent) to extract (a tooth)avaler to swallowbague la ringbéquilles les (f) crutchesbrûler to burnbureau des objets lost property office trouvés lecarré squarecheville la anklecivière la stretchercolis le parcelcompte le (bank) account

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contenu le contentscoup de soleil le sunburncoup de téléphone le phone callcrevé puncturedcourrier (electronic) mail (électronique) lecuillerée la spoonfuldépanner to repair / fixdistributeur cash-machine (automatique) de (hole-in-the- billets wall)doubler to overtakedouleur la painécraser to run overentorse l’ (f) sprainguérir to cure / to heal

heurter to run intoindicatif l’ (m) dialling codeinondation l’ (f) floods’inquiéter to worrylevée la collection (at post-

box)marque la make / brandmél le emailmoitié la halfmourir to dieor l’ (m) goldordonnance l’ (f) prescriptionphare le headlightpiquer to stingpiqûre la bite / sting / injectionplomber (une dent) to fill (a tooth)pneu le tyreportable le mobile phoneradio la X-rayrenverser to knock downrond roundSAMU le ambulance servicesang le bloodsouffrir to suffersparadrap le sticking plastersuffisamment sufficiently / enoughtaux de change le exchange ratetémoin le witnesstremblement de earthquake terre letuer to killvaleur la valuevoler to steal

THEME/MODULE 3 WORK ANDLIFESTYLE

3A Home Life

À la tienne/vôtre Cheers !arroser to water

bise la (faire) (to) kiss (on both cheeks)

chrétien/enne Christian(donner) un coup (to give) a hand de maindéfilé le processionéplucher to peelépouser to marryessuyer to dryévier l’ (m) sinkféliciter to congratulatefêter to celebratefeu d’artifice le firework (display)juif/juive Jewishlessive la washingmeilleurs vœux best wishesmusulman Muslimnoces les (f) weddingordures les (f) rubbishrepasser to ironSaint-Sylvestre la New Year’s EveSaint-Valentin la Valentine’s DayToussaint la All Saints Daysurveiller to keep an eye ontondre to mow

3B Healthy Living

ajouter to addauparavant before / previouslycasse-croûte le snackcongeler to freezecrise cardiaque la heart attackcru rawcuisse la thighdégoûtant disgustingétat l’ (m) stateéviter to avoidfer le ironinadmissible unacceptableinsolation l’ (f) sunstrokelaitier dairymalsain unhealthymatières grasses fats les (f)nocif/ive harmfulnuire to harmos l’ (m) bonepeau la skinpiquant spicyproduit le produce / productrégime le dietrenoncer (à) to give upsalé savoury / salted

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3C Part-Time Jobs and WorkExperience

à temps partiel part-timeaugmenter to increaseboulot le work (slang)classer to filecommerçant(e) shopkeeperconvenir (à) to suitse débrouiller to manage / to copedépasser to exceeddur hardenrichissant rewardingétablissement l’ (m) establishmentexpérimenté experiencedfauché broke (without money)femme de chambre chambermaid laimprimer to printlicencier to sack / dismissmannequin le modelpatienter to hang onplongeur/euse washer-uprayon le shelfréunion la meetingsatisfaire to satisfyse débrouiller to cope / managese tromper de to dial a wrong numéro numbersouhaitable desirabletaper (à la machine) to typetouche la key (on keyboard)traitement de texte le word processing

3D Leisure

actualités les (f) current affairsamoureux in love tomber amoureux to fall in love (de) (with)animateur/trice presenterantenne l’ (f) aerial parabolique satellite dishassassin l’ (m) murdereravoir hâte de to look forward tobalade la stroll / walkbatterie la drumsbattre to beatbranché trendycaméra la camera (film / TV)caméscope le video-camerachaîne la channel (TV)courrier du cœur le agony columncourse la race / racingdessin animé le cartoon (film)disposer de to have availabledoué good at / gifted

drôle funnyDVD le DVDécran l’ (m) screenescrime l’ (f) fencingfait divers le news story /itemflash le newsflashhaltérophilie l’ (f) weight-liftinginfos les (f) newslecteur/trice readermaison des jeunes la youth club (MJC)metteur en scène le director (of play)parole la wordpratiquer to take part in / playquotidien le daily (newspaper)réalisateur/trice director (of film)rédacteur/trice editorrevue la (glossy) magazineroman-photo le photo-romancese consacrer à to devote oneself toséduisant attractivetéléspectateur/trice (TV) viewer(gros) titre le headlinetournée la tour (of singer, etc)tourner un film to make a filmtraiter de to deal withtube le hit (record etc)une la front page

3E Shopping

à carreaux checkedbonne couleur la the right colourchariot le (supermarket) trolleyconseil le advicedéchiré torndépassé out-dateddisponible availabled’occasion second handexposition l’ (f) exhibitionfaire du lèche-vitrines to window-shopfermeture (annuelle) la (annual) closingfermeture éclair la zip (fastener)gamme la rangegenre le type / stylegrande surface la hypermarketgriffé designer

(describing clothes)jouet le toyléger/ère lightlook le image / fashionmanquer to lack il manque there’s (a button) (un bouton) missingmauvaise taille la the wrong sizeplatine laser la CD playerpromotion la special offer

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rayé stripedrembourser to re-imburse / give

back moneyremise la discountrétrécir to shrinkserré tightsoldé reduced / on offeruni plain / self-colouredvitrine la shop window

THEME/MODULE 4 THE YOUNGPERSON IN SOCIETY

4A Character & Personal Relationships

ado l’ (m/f) adolescent (slang)agacer to annoyainsi in this wayavare meanbande la gangbêtise la silly act / remarkbouleverser to upset / distresscompatissant sympatheticcompréhensif/ive understandingcompter (sur) to count (on)confiance la confidenceélever to bring upemprunter to borrow(s’)énerver to irritate (get irritated)ensemble togetherenthousiaste enthusiasticfâché angrygâcher to spoilgêner to bother / embarrassinconnu l’ (m)/ stranger inconnue lalaid uglymaltraiter to ill-treatmentalité la the way people thinkmentir to liemignon/onne cutemoral le morale / spiritsnégliger to neglectorphelin(e) l’ orphanradin tight / stingyreconnaissant gratefulréfléchir to think (carefully)sans-souci carefreesensible sensitivesouci le worry

4B The Environment

affamé starvingcarton le cardboard

couche d’ozone la ozone layerdétritus le rubbishdétruire to destroyéclairage l’ (m) lightingeffet de serre l’ (m) greenhouse effectemballage l’ (m) packagingen voie de disparition endangeredénergie (nucléaire) (nuclear) energy l’ (f)épuiser to exhaustéteindre to put out (light / fire)faune la animal life / faunaflore la plant life / florafonctionnement le workinggaspiller to wastegaz carbonique le carbon dioxidegaz d’échappement exhaust gases les (m)inondation l’ (f) floodlumière la lightmarée noire la oil-slickmazout le fuel-oilpatrimoine le heritagepétrole le oil / petroleumplomb le leadprofiter de to take advantage ofréchauffement le warmingrecycler to recycleréduire to reducerenouvelable renewablerespiratoire breathingsauvage wildsauvegarder to safeguardsécheresse la droughttrier to sortvague la wave

4C Education

boucle d’oreille la ear-ringCDI le learning centre / (centre de resources centre / documentation et (school) library d’information)CES le secondary schoolchargé full / busydiplôme le diploma / qualificationéchouer (à) to fail (an exam)en première in Year 12 (lower 6th)en terminale in Year 13 (upper 6th)enseignement l’(m) education / teachingêtre en train de faire to be (in the process of) quelque chose doing somethingfacultatif/ive optionalfaculté la universityfilière (scientifique) la (scientific) pathway

35

IUT l’ (m) technical collegelangues vivantes modern languages les (f)manuel le text-bookpoursuivre to carry on with / to

pursuerèglement le rules / regulations(se) ressembler to look like / (alike)reprendre to resume / take up

againréussir to succeedsecrétariat le (school) officesurchargé overloaded

4D Careers & Future Plans (post age 18)

à durée déterminée fixed termartisan l’ (m) craftsmanavenir l’ (m) futureboulot le job (slang)cadre le executivecarrière la careercomédien/enne actor/actresscomptable le/la accountantcontrat le contractcouramment fluentlydroit le law (study of)embaucher to hire / employentretien l’ (m) interview (for job)extérieur l’ (m) outside à l’extérieur outdoorsfabriquer to manufacturefrancophone French-speakinginstituteur/trice l’ primary teacherintérieur l’ (m) inside à l’intérieur indoors / insidejournée continue la continuous day

(ie not closing for lunch)

licence la degreemal le harm / evil avoir du mal à to have difficulty inperfectionner to improvepermettre to allowPDG le managing director (président-directeur- général)polyvalent versatile/multi-purposerecherche la researchrémunérer to paysyndicat le trade unionUE l’ (f) the EU (Union Européenne)

4E Social Issues, Choices &Responsibilities

accro hookedagresser to attackbeur le/la arab (slang)bonheur le happinessça vaut it’s worthcambrioler to burglechiffres les (m) figurescolère la angercoup le blow de feu shot de poing punchcoutume la customdéfendre to forbidd’origine (africaine) of (African) originégalité l’ (f) equalityéprouver to feel / to experienceespoir l’ (m) hopedémuni deprivedfléau le cursegrève la strikeimmigré(e) l’ immigrantinsonorisation l’ (f) sound-proofingivre drunklien le linklogement le housinglutter (contre) to fight (against)maghrébin(e) North Africanmanifestation la demonstrationmonoparental one-parentpareil/eille alike / the samepoumon le lungpréjugé le prejudicepréservatif le condompriver to depriverapport le connectionsans-abri le/la homeless (person)sans doute no doubtSDF le/la homeless person (sans domicile fixe)sida le aidstabagisme le tobacco addictiontaux d’alcool le alcohol leveltoxicomane le/la drug addictvolonté la will

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à at, to, in (+ city)à 9 heures etc. at 9 o’clock etc.à bientôt see you soonà côté de next (door) toà demain see you tomorrowà droite (on the) rightà gauche (on the) leftà … kilomètres / … kilometres / mètres / … metres /minutes (d’ici) … minutes away

(from here)à l’appareil speaking (on phone)à l’avance beforehand, in

advanceà l’avenir in the futureà l’étranger abroadà l’heure on timeà la mode fashionable, in

fashionà lundi etc. see you on Monday

etc.à moi (etc) mine (etc)à mon avis in my opinionà part apart from, exceptà partir de from (+date, time)à pied on footà quelle distance? how far away ?à quelle heure…? (at) what time…?à tout à l’heure see you laterà toute vitesse at full/top speedabricot l’ (m) apricotabsent absentaccepter to acceptaccompagner to accompany, to

come/ go withachat l’ (m) purchaseacheter to buyacteur/actrice actor/actressaddition l’ (f) billadolescent(e) adolescentadorer to love, to adoreadresse l’ (f) addressadulte l’ (m/f) adultaéroport l’ (m) airportaffaires les (f) things, gear affaires de sport …sports gear/ les (f) equipmentaffreux/euse awfulAfrique l’ (f) Africaâge l’ (m) ageâgé oldagence de voyages l’ (f) travel agencyagent de police l’ (m) police officeragréable nice, pleasant

aider to helpaimable kindaimer to likeaîné elderair l’ (m) air avoir l’air (content) to look (pleased)alcool l’ (m) alcoholalimentation l’ (f) food shopAllemagne l’ (f) Germanyallemand Germanaller to goaller + infinitive to be going to

(do something)aller au lit to go to bedaller bien/mieux to be well/betteraller-retour l’ (m) returnaller simple l’ (m) singleallô hello (on phone)alors then, soambulance l’ (f) ambulanceaméricain AmericanAmérique l’(f) (South) Americaami(e) friend petit(e) ami(e) boy- / girl-friendamicalement yours (at end of

letter)amitiés regards, best wishesamour l’ (m) loveamusant amusingamuser to amuse (s)’amuser to have a good timean l’ (m) yearananas l’ (m) pineappleancien former, old, ex-…anglais l’ (m) EnglishAngleterre l’(f) Englandanimal l’ (m) animal, petanimé livelyannée l’ (f) year l’année dernière last yearanniversaire l’ (m) birthday, anniversaryannonce l’ (f) advertanorak l’ (m) anorakaoût Augustappareil photo l’ (m) cameraappartement l’ (m) flatappel l’ (m) register,

registrationappeler to call (s’)appeler to be calledapporter to bring (thing)apprendre to learn, to teachapprenti(e) apprenticeapprentissage l’ (m) apprenticeship

Vocabulary in the Specification – Alphabetical

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(s’)approcher to approach, to come closer

après afteraprès-demain the day after

tomorrowaprès-midi l’ (m or f) afternoonarbre l’ (m) treeargent l’ (m) money … de poche pocket moneyarmoire l’ (f) wardrobearrêt d’autobus, l’ (m) bus stop(s)’arrêter to stoparrhes les (f) depositarrivée l’ (f) arrivalarriver to arriveart dramatique, l’ (m) dramaascenseur l’ (m) liftassez enough, quiteassiette l’ (f) plateattaquer to attackattendre to wait (for) attendez la tonalité wait for the

dialling toneattention l’ (f) care faire attention to be carefulau bord de beside, byau bout de at the end ofau fond de at the bottom/

end ofau milieu de in the middle ofau revoir goodbyeau secours ! help !auberge youth hostel de jeunesse, l’ (f)aujourd’hui todayaussi also, as well, tooaussi…que as … asauto l’ (f) carautobus l’ (m) busautomne l’ (m) Autumnautoroute l’ (f) motorway (la A6 etc.) (the A6 etc.)autour de aroundautre other(en) avance earlyavant beforeavantage l’ (m) advantageavant-hier the day before

yesterdayavec withavec plaisir with pleasureaventure l’ (f) adventureavenue l’ (f) avenueavion l’ (m) planeavis l’(m) opinionavoir to have

avoir + chaud, froid to be hot, cold (person)

avoir …ans to be … years oldavoir besoin de to needavoir cours to have (a) classavoir de la chance to be luckyavoir envie to want, to feel likeavoir faim to be hungryavoir l’air to look, seem, appearavoir lieu to take placeavoir mal to be in painavoir peur to be frightened, to be

afraidavoir raison to be rightavoir soif to be thirstyavoir tort to be wrongavril Aprilbaby-sitting le baby-sitting faire du … to baby-sitbac(calauréat) le ‘A’ levelsbagages les (m) luggagebaguette la French stick/loaf(se) baigner to have a bath / to

bathebain le bathbal le dancebalcon le circle (upstairs at

cinema)balcon le balconyballe la ball (tennis etc.)ballon le ball (football etc.)banane la bananabande dessinée, la comic strip, cartoonbanlieue la suburbsbanque la bankbar le barbarbant boringbarbe la beardbas/basse lowbasket le basketballbaskets les (f) trainersbateau le boatbâtiment le buildingbavard talkativebavarder to chatbeau/belle beautiful, good-

looking faire beau to be nice (weather)beaucoup a lot, very muchbeau-frère le brother-in-lawbeau-père le father-in-law,

stepfatherbébé le babybelge BelgianBelgique la Belgiumbelle-mère la mother-in-law,

stepmother

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belle-soeur la sister-in-lawbesoin le need avoir … de to need (to)…bête silly, stupidbeurre le butterbibliothèque la librarybic le birobien well, goodbien sûr of coursebien/mal payé well/badly paidbientôt soonbienvenue la welcomebière la beerbifteck le steakbijouterie la jewellerybillet le ticket / (bank)note de x francs/ x franc/euro note eurosbiologie la biologybiscuit le biscuitblanc/blanche whiteblessé hurt, injuredbleu blueblond blondblouson le jacketbœuf le beefbof! (exclamation

showing lack of enthusiasm)

boire to drinkbois le woodboisson la drinkboîte la box, tinboîte aux lettres, la letter box/post boxbol le bowlbon goodbon anniversaire happy birthdaybon appétit enjoy your mealbonjour hello, good morning,

good daybon marché cheapbon voyage have a good journeybon week-end have a nice weekendbonne année happy new yearbonne chance good luckbonne fête happy name daybonne idée good ideabonne nuit good nightbonsoir good eveningbonbon le sweetbord le edge, sidebouche la mouthboucher/ère butcherboucherie la butcher’sboulanger/ère bakerboulangerie la baker’s

boules les (f) bowlsboulevard le boulevardboum la partybouteille la bottleboutique la (small) shopbras le armbravo! well done, bravo !britannique Britishbrochure la brochurebrosse à dents la toothbrushbrouillard le fogbruit le noisebrun brownbuffet le buffetbureau le office, deskbureau de information office renseignements lebureau de bureau de change (for change le changing currency)bus le busC.E.S. le secondary / high

schoolça dépend it/that dependsça fait 2 ans que I’ve been (living here (j’habite ici) etc.) for 2 yearsça me fait rire it makes me laughça ne me dit rien it doesn’t appeal to

me, I don’t feel like itça ne va pas I’m not well, it’s no

goodça s’écrit comment? how do you spell

it/that ?ça va it’s ok, all rightça va? are you all right ?ça that, thiscabine phone box téléphonique, lacadeau le present, giftcadet/ette youngest, youngercafé le (black) coffeecafé-crème le coffee with milkcahier le exercise bookcaisse la cash-desk, checkout,

tillcaissier/ère cashier, checkout

operatorcalme quiet, calm, peacefulcamion le lorrycampagne la country(side)camping le camping, campsiteCanada le Canadacanadien/enne Canadiancanapé le sofa, setteecancer le cancercantine la canteencar for, because

39

car le coach (bus)caravane la caravancarnet le book of ticketscarotte la carrotcarré squarecarrefour le crossroads, junctioncarte la mapcarte la menucarte de crédit la credit cardcarte postale la postcardcartes les (f) cards (game)casquette la capcasse-pieds a pain in the neckcasser to breakcassette la cassettecathédrale la cathedralcauser to cause, to chatcave la cellarCD le CDce matin this morningce/cette/ces this/theseceinture de seatbelt sécurité lacela thatcélèbre famouscélibataire single, unmarriedcent (kilomètres) a hundred

(kilometres)centime le 1/100 eurocentimètre le centimetrecentre le centre, middlecentre commercial shopping centre lecentre de recycling centre recyclage lecentre sportif le sports centrecentre-ville le town/city-centrecependant howevercéréales les (f) cerealscerise la cherrycertainement certainlyc’est it isc’est à moi etc. it’s mine etc.c’est le premier it’s the first (of)c’est quel jour? what day is it ?c’est quelle page? what page is it ?c’est quoi? what is it ?c’est-à-dire that is (to say)c’était it waschaîne-stéréo la music centre, hi-fi

systemchaise la chairchambre la (bed)room … de famille family …… de libre free …… double double … pour une personne single …

champ le fieldchampignon le mushroomchance la luck avoir de la … to be luckychanger to changechanson la songchanter to singchanteur/euse singerchapeau le hatchaque eachcharcuterie la pork butcher’s, cooked

meats (shop)chat/chatte catchâteau le castle, stately homechaud warm / hotchauffage central le central heatingchauffeur le driverchaussette la sockchaussure la shoechemise la shirtchèque de traveller’s cheque voyage lecher/chère dear, expensivechercher to look forcheval le horsecheveux les (m) hairchez (Marie) to/at Marie’s housechic smartchien/chienne dog/bitchchimie la chemistrychips les (f) crispschocolat le chocolate chocolat chaud hot chocolatechoisir to choosechoix le choicechômage le unemploymentchose la thingchou le cabbagechouette brilliantchou-fleur le cauliflowercidre le ciderciel le skycigarette la cigarettecinéma le cinemacirculation la trafficcirque le circuscité la (housing) estatecitron le lemonclair lightclasse la classclé/clef la keyclient(e) customer, clientclimat le climateclub le clubcoca (cola) le coke (coca cola)cocher to tickcode postal le post code

40

cœur le heart avoir mal au … to feel sickcoiffeur/euse hairdressercoin le cornercollège/C.E.S le secondary schoolcolline la hillcombien? how much/many?combien de temps? how long?comique comical, funny (film

etc.)commander to ordercomme as, likecomme ci comme ça so-socommencer to begin, to startcomment howcomment dit-on how do you say … in ...en français? French?commerce le business, tradecommissariat le police stationcomparer to comparecomplet/ète full (up)compléter to complete / fill incompliqué complicatedcomposez le dial the number numérocomposter to punch (ticket)comprendre to understandcomprimé le tablet(non) compris (not) includedconcert le concertconcours le competitionconduire to driveconfirmer to confirm

confiserie la sweet shopconfiture la jamconfortable comfortablecongé le holiday, leaveconnaître to knowconsigne la left-luggage office (automatique) (left-luggage locker)content pleasedcontinuer to continuecontraire le opposite, contrarycontre againstcopain/copine (boy-/girl-)friendcopier to copycorps le bodycorrect correctcorrespondant(e) pen-friendcorriger to mark, to correctcôte la coastcoton le cottoncou le neckse coucher to go to bedcouleur la colourcouloir le corridorcouper to cut

cour la playground, yardcourir to runcours le lesson, classcourses les (f) shoppingcourt shortcousin(e) cousincouteau le knifecoûter to costcravate la tiecrayon le pencilcrème la creamcrêpe la pancakecritiquer to criticizecroire to believe, to thinkcroissant le croissantcroque-monsieur le toasted ham and

cheese sandwichcrudités les (f) assorted raw

vegetablescuiller/ère la spooncuir le leathercuisine la kitchen, cookingcuisinière électrique/ electric/gas cooker à gaz lacyclisme le cyclingd’abord firstd’accord ok, all right (=

agreement)d’habitude usuallyd’où ? where from?danger le dangerdangereux/euse dangerous

dans indans le bon ordre in the right orderdans le passé in the pastdans un instant in a momentdanser to dancedate la datede of / fromde bonne heure earlyde l’autre côté on the other sidede la part de from whom? (qui)? (e.g. a message)de quelle couleur? what colour?de quelle direction? from which direction?de rien not at all, don’t

mention itde temps en temps from time to timedébarrasser to clear (table)début le start, beginningdécembre Decemberdéchets les wastedécider to decidedécrire to describedécrochez pick up (the phone)dedans insidedéfense de (fumer) no (smoking)

41

degré le degreedehors outsidedéjà already, beforedéjeuner le lunch (verb) to have lunchdélicieux/euse deliciousdemain tomorrowdemander to ask(et) demie half (past)demi-frère le half-brotherdemi-pension la bed breakfast and

evening mealdemi-pensionnaire pupil who has le/la school dinnerdemi-sœur la half-sisterdémodé old-fashioneddent la toothdentifrice le toothpastedentiste le/la dentist (chez le dentiste) (to/at the dentist’s)départ le departuredépartement le area of France,

equivalent to English county

(se) dépêcher to hurrydépenser to spenddépliant le leafletdepuis sincedernier/ère lastderrière behinddescendre to go down … à to stay at (a hotel)

… de to get off (transport)

désirer to wantdésolé sorrydessert le dessert, puddingdessin le drawing, artdessiner to drawdestination la destinationdétester to hate, to detestdeuxième seconddevant in front ofdevenir to becomedevoir to have to (ought,

should)devoirs les (m) homeworkdialogue le dialoguedifférence la differencedifférent differentdifficile difficultdifficulté la difficultydimanche Sundaydîner le dinner, evening meal (verb) to have dinnerdire to say, to telldirect direct

directeur/directrice manager, head- teacher

direction la directiondiscipline la discipline, subjectdisco(thèque) la discodiscuter to discuss, to arguedispute la argumentse disputer to have an argumentdisque le record, discdisque compact le compact discdistribuer to deliver, to

distributedivorcé divorceddocteur le doctordocumentaire le documentarydoigt le fingerdommage shame, pitydonc so, thereforedonner to givedormir to sleepdortoir le dormitorydos le backdouane la customsdouche la showerDouvres Doverdouzaine (de) la dozendrapeau le flagdrogue la drugdrogué(e) drug addictdrôle funnydroite la rightdur harddurer to lasteau l’ (f) watereau minérale l’ (f) mineral watereau potable l’ (f) drinking water … non potable … not for drinkingéchange l’ (m) exchangeécole (primaire) l’ (f) (primary) schooléconomies les (f) savingsécossais ScottishEcosse l’(f) Scotlandécouter to listen (to)écrire to write s’écrire to be speltEdimbourg Edinburghéducation physique physical education l’ EPS l’ (f)église l’ (f) churchélectrique electricélève l’ (m/f) pupilembouteillage l’ (m) traffic jamémission l’ (f) programme (tv/radio)emmener to take (person)empêcher to preventemplacement l’ (m) site (space for

tent/caravan)

42

emploi l’ (m) jobemploi du temps l’ (m) timetableemployé(e) employeeen to, in (+ country), by

(+ transport)en bas at the bottom,

down(stairs)en ce moment at the momenten face de oppositeen forme fiten général in general, usuallyen haut at the top, up(stairs)en même temps at the same timeen plein air in the open airen retard lateen sixième etc. in Year 7 etc.en train de (busy) doing

(something)en ville to/in townenchanté delighted, pleased to

meet youencore still, againencore du/de la etc. some moreencore une fois once againencourager to encourageendroit l’ (m) placeenfant l’ (m) (f) childenfin finally, at lastennuyeux/euse boringenrhumé suffering from a coldenseignement l’ (m) education, teachingensoleillé sunnyensuite then, nextentendre to hear s’entendre (bien) to get on (well) (avec) (with)entendu agreed, okentre betweenentrée l’ (f) entrance charge,

admissionentrée l’ (f) way in, entranceentrer (dans) to enter, to go inenveloppe l’ (f) envelopeenvie l’ (f) wish / desire avoir … de to want (to)environ aboutenvironnement l’ environment (m)envoyer to sendépaule l’ (f) shoulderépeler to spellépicerie l’ (f) grocer’sépicier/ère grocerépreuve l’ (f) testEPS l’ (f) PEéquilibré (well) balancedéquipe l’ (f) team

équitation l’ (f) (horse-)ridingerreur l’ (f) error, mistakeescalier l’ (m) stairsespace l’ (m) spaceEspagne l’(f) Spainespagnol Spanishespérer to hopeessayer (de) to try (to)essence l’ (f) petrolest l’ (m) eastest-ce que is/does/has etc.(turns

following statement into question)

estomac l’ (m) stomachet andétage l’ (m) storey, floorEtats-Unis les (m) United States,

Americaété l’ (m) summerêtre to beêtre + chaud, froid to be hot, cold

(things, eg food)être en forme to be fitêtre pour/contre to be for/againstêtre situé to be situatedétroit narrowétude l’ (f) studyétudiant(e) studentétudier to studyeuro l’ (m) euroEurope l’ (f) Europeexact exact, rightexactement exactlyexamen l’ (m) exam(ination)excellent excellentexcursion l’ (f) excursions’excuser to apologiseexcusez-moi excuse meexemple l’ (m) exampleexpliquer to explainextra excellentfac la universityfacile easyfacteur/trice postman/womanfaible weakfaire to do, to make faire + chaud, to be hot, cold froid (weather) faire attention to be careful faire beau to be nice

(weather) faire dans la vie to do for a living faire du brouillard to be foggy faire du camping to go camping faire du soleil to be sunny faire du théâtre to act faire du vent to be windy

43

faire mauvais to be bad (of weather)

famille la familyfantastique (le) fantasy, fantasticfatigant tiringfatigué tiredfaute la faultfauteuil le armchairfaux/fausse falsefavori/ite favouritefemme la woman, wifefenêtre la windowferme la farm(jour) férié le public holidayfermé closedfermer to closefermier/ère farmerfête la name day, festivalfeu rouge le red lightfeuilleton le serial, soap (tv)feux les (m) traffic lightsfévrier Februaryfièvre la temperature, feverfille la girl, daughterfilm le film … comique comedy … d’amour love story … d’aventures adventure … … d’épouvante horror … … d’horreur horror … … policier crime / detective … … de science fiction science fiction …fils le sonfin la endfinir to finishfleur la flowerfois la time une/deux fois once/twicefoncé darkfootball le footballformation la training …continue day release … …professionnelle professional …formidable greatfort loudfort strongfour le oven à micro-ondes microwave (oven)fourchette la forkfrais/fraîche fresh, coolfraise la strawberryframboise la raspberryfranc le francfrançais FrenchFrance la Francefrapper to strike, to hit, to

kick

frein le brakefrère le brotherfrigo le fridgefrites les (f) chipsfroid cold avoir froid to be coldfromage le cheesefruit le fruitfruits de mer les (m) seafoodfumée la smokefumer to smokefumeur, non-fumeur smoking, non-smokinggagner to earn, to wingallois Welshgant le glovegarage le garagegarçon le boy garçon de café waiter le garçon! waiter !garder to keep, to look after

(children)gare la (train) stationgare routière la bus stationgarer to parkgâteau le cakegauche la leftgaz le gasgeler to freezegendarme le policemangénéralement generally, as a rulegénial greatgenou le kneegens les (m) peoplegentil/le nice, kindgéographie la geographygîte le holiday house/

cottageglace la ice cream, icegomme la eraser, rubbergorge la throatgoût le tastegoûter to tastegoûter le tea (meal)graffiti le graffitigramme le gramgrand big, tallgrand magasin le (department) storeGrande-Bretagne la Great Britaingrand-mère la grandmothergrand-parent le grandparentgrand-père le grandfathergras le fatgratuit free (no cost)grave seriousgrec/grecque GreekGrèce la Greece

44

grille la gridgrippe la flugris greygros/grosse big, fatgroupe le groupguichet le counter, ticket officegymnastique la gymnasticsH.L.M. l’ (m) council flathabitant(e) inhabitanthabiter to live (in)habitude l’ (f) habits’habituer (à) to get used (to)hamburger le hamburgerhamster le hamsterharicot vert le green beanhaut highheure l’ (f) hour, timeheures rush hour d’affluence les (f)heure lunchtime du déjeuner l’ (f)heureux/euse happyhier yesterdayhi-fi la hi-fihistoire l’ (f) historyhistorique historichiver l’ (m) Winterhockey le hockeyhollandais DutchHollande la Hollandhomme l’ (m) manhôpital l’ (m) hospitalhoraire l’ (m) timetablehorreur l’ (f) horrorhors-d’œuvre l’ (m) starterhospitalité l’ (f) hospitalityhôtel l’ (m) hotelhôtel de ville l’ (m) town hallhôtesse de l’air l’ (f) air hostesshuile l’ (f) oilhypermarché l’ (m) hypermarketici hereidée l’ (f) ideaidentifier to identifyidiot stupid, sillyil est…heure(s) it is … o’clockil faut it is necessaryil me faut I needil me reste I have … leftil n’y a pas there is/are notil s’agit de it’s aboutil y a there is/are il y avait there was/wereil y a + time …agoîle l’ (f) island, isleillustration l’ (f) illustrationimage l’ (f) picture

immeuble l’ (m) block of flatsimpatient impatientimper(méable) raincoat, mac l’ (m)impoli impolite, rudeimportant important, considerable

(of money)impossible impossibleincendie l’ (m) fireinconvénient l’ (m) disadvantageindiquer to point at / indicateindividuel/elle individual / detached

(of house)industriel/elle industrialinfirmier/ère nurseinformations les (f) newsinformatique l’ (f) IT, computingingénieur l’ (m) engineerinstant l’ (m) momentinstruction civique l’ citizenship, civics (f)intelligent intelligentinterdit forbiddenintéressant interestings’ intéresser …. à to be interested inintroduire to put in, insertinutile uselessinvitation l’ (f) invitationinviter to inviteirlandais IrishIrlande l’ (f) IrelandItalie l’ (f) Italyitalien/enne Italianj’en ai marre I’ve had enough, I’m

fed upjamais neverjambe la legjambon le hamjanvier Januaryjardin le gardenjardinage le gardeningjaune yellowje n’ai pas de… I don’t have any…je ne sais pas I don’t knowje peux avoir …? can I have … ?je veux bien I’d love toje voudrais I’d like to (do + infinitive something)jean le (pair of) jeansjeter to throw (away)jeu le gamejeudi Thursdayjeune youngjeu-vidéo le video-gamejob le (part-time) jobjogging le track suitjoli pretty

45

jouer to play jouer à to play (a sport) jouer de to play (a musical

instrument)jour le dayjour férié le public holidayjournal le newspaperjournée la day la journée scolaire school dayjoyeux/euse happyjuillet Julyjuin Junejumelé twinned / semi-

detached (of house)jupe la skirtjus de fruit, le fruit juicejusqu’à as far asjusqu’à untiljuste fair, rightkilo le kilo(gram)kilomètre le kilometrelà therelà-bas over therelaboratoire le laboratorylac le lakelaine la woollaisser to leavelait le milklampe la lamplangue la language, tonguelapin le rabbitlarge wide, broadlavabo le washbasinlave-vaisselle le dishwasher(se) laver to (have a) washleçon la lessonlecture la readinglégume le vegetablelendemain le the next daylent slowlentement slowlylettre la letter(se) lever to raise (to get up)librairie la book shoplibre free, vacantlieu le place avoir lieu to take placeligne la linelimonade la lemonadelire to readliste la listlit le bed faire le lit to make the bedlitre le litrelivre le booklivre sterling la pound (money)livrer to deliver

local locallocation la hire, rentallogement le housing,

accommodationloger to stayloin (de) far, a long way (from)loisir le leisureLondres Londonlong/longue longlongtemps for a long timelouer to hire, to rent, to letlundi Monday le lundi etc. on Mondays etc.lunettes les (f) glasses, spectacleslycée le (sixth form) college lycée technique technical high school lemachine la machine machine à laver la washing machinemadame madam, Mrsmademoiselle missmademoiselle! miss! (to call waitress)magasin le shopmagazine le magazinemagnifique magnificentmai Maymaillot de bain le swimming costume,

trunksmain la handmaintenant nowmairie la town hallmais butmaison la housemaison detached house individuelle lamaison jumelée la semi-detached housemal le pain avoir mal à to have a pain/ache + part of body inavoir mal au cœur to feel sickmal badly mal payé badly paidmalade ill, poorlymaladie la illnessmalheureusement unfortunatelymalheureux/euse unhappymaman mum, mummyManche la (English) Channelmanger to eatmanteau le coatmaquillage le make-upmarchand (e) shopkeeper/ stallholder

(at market)marché le marketmarcher to walk, to work (of

machines etc)mardi Tuesday

46

mari le husbandmarié marriedmarketing le marketingmarron brownmars Marchmatch le matchmaths les (f) mathsmatière la subjectmatin le morningmauvais badméchant nasty, naughtymédecin le doctormédicament le medicineMéditerranée la Mediterraneanmeilleur better, best (adj)membre le membermembre(s) member(s) of the de la famille, le(s) familymême sameménage le houseworkmenu le menu … à prix fixe set/fixed price menu … à x francs/ x franc/euro menu

eurosmer la seamerci thank youmercredi Wednesdaymère la mothermessage le messagemesurer (.…mètres) to be (… metres) tallmétéo la weather forecastmétier le jobmètre le metremétro le underground

(railway), metromettre to put (on) mettre à la poste to post mettre dans to put in the right order le bon ordremeuble le furnituremidi middaymieux better, best (adv)mince thin, slimminuit midnightminute la minutemiroir le mirrormi-trimestre le half-termmixte mixed (of school)moche awful, rottenmode la fashionmoderne modernmoi memoins…que less …than, not as …

as au moins at leastmoins (dix) (ten) tomois le month

moment le moment en ce moment at the momentMon Dieu! Oh my god !monde le worldmonnaie la change, currencymonsieur sir, Mrmontagne la mountainmonter to go up

… dans to get in, on (transport)

montre la watchmontrer to showmonument le monumentmoquette la carpetmorceau le piece, bitmort la deathmort deadmot le wordmouchoir le handkerchiefmoutarde la mustardmouton le sheepmoyen/enne average, mediummur le wallmusée le museummusique la music pop/classique/ (pop/classical/rock) rock musicnager to swimnatation la swimmingnational national la route … main (A) roadnationalité la nationalityné (le…) born (on the …)ne pas avoir not to havene …aucun not … any, no, nonene…jamais never, not everne…pas notne…personne no-one, nobody, not

… anybodyne…plus no more, not … any

more, no longer, not… any longer

ne…rien nothing, not … anything

nécessaire necessarynégatif/ive negativeneige la snowneiger to snownettoyer to cleanneuf/ve (brand) newnez le noseni … ni neither … norNoël Christmasnoir blacknom le (sur)namenombre le numbernon no

47

(moi) non plus neither do(I)nord le northnormalement normallynote la mark (at school)nourriture la foodnouveau/elle newNouvel An le New Yearnovembre Novembernuage le cloudnuit la nightnul/nulle rubbish, hopelessnuméro le number numéro phone number de téléphone leobjets trouvés les lost property (m)obligatoire compulsoryoccasion l’ (f) opportunity, chanceoccupé occupied, busyoctobre Octoberodeur l’ (f) smellœil l’/yeux les (m) eye/eyesœuf l’ (m) eggoffice de tourisme l’ tourist information (m) officeoffre l’ (f) offeroffres d’emploi, les situations vacant, job (f) opportunitiesoiseau l’ (m) birdomelette l’ (f) omeletteon one, we, you on se retrouve à what time shall we quelle heure? meet?oncle l’ (m) uncleopinion l’ (f) opinionoptimiste optimisticoption l’ (f) optionorange l’ (f) orangeorange orangeorangina l’ (f) orangina (branded

orange drink)orchestre l’ (m) orchestra, bandordinateur l’ (m) computeroreille l’ (f) earorganiser to organizeou oroù whereoublier to forgetouest l’ (m) westoui yesouvert openouvrir to openpage la pagepain le bread pain grillé toastpaire la pairpantalon le (pair of) trousers

papa dad, daddypapier le paperPâques Easterpaquet le packet / parcelpar by / perpar chance luckily, fortunatelypar contre on the other handpar ici/par là this way/that waypar nuit per nightpar personne per personpar terre on the groundparapluie le umbrellaparc le parkparce que becausepardon sorry, excuse meparents les (m) parentsparesseux/euse lazyparfait perfectparfois sometimesparfum le perfumeparfum le flavourparfumerie la perfume shopparking le car parkparler to speak, to talkpartager to sharepartenaire le/la partnerpartie la gamepartir to leave, to go awaypartout everywherepas not pas encore not yet pas grand-chose not much pas mal de quite a lot ofpassé le pastpasseport le passportse passer to take place /

happenpasser un examen to take an exampasser l’aspirateur to vacuumpasser le temps à to spend (one’s) time

(doing)passe-temps le pastime, hobbypassion la passionpassionnant fascinating, excitingpastilles les (f) pastilles, throat

sweetspâté le pâtépâtes les (f) pastapatient patientpatinoire la skating rinkpâtisserie la cake shoppâtisserie la pastry, cakepatron/onne bosspauvre poorpayer to pay (for)pays le countryPays de Galles le Wales

48

péage le pay station (on motorway)

pêche la fishingpêche la peachpelouse la lawnpendant during pendant que whilepénible a nuisance, hard (of

work)penser to thinkpension complète full board la demi-pension la half-boardperdre to losepère le fatherpermis (driving) licence (de conduire) lepermission la permissionpersonnalité la character, personalitypersonne no-one, nobodypeser (….kilos) to weigh (… kilos)pessimiste pessimisticpetit déjeuner le breakfastpetit small, littlepetit(e) ami(e) boy-(girl-)friendpetits pois les (m) peaspeu littlepeur la fear avoir peur (de) to be frightened (of)peut-être perhapspharmacie la chemist’spharmacien/enne chemistphoto la photophotocopie la photocopyphrase la sentencephysique la physicspiano le pianopièce la roompièce (de…euro[s]) (… euro) coin lapièce d’identité, la identificationpièce de théâtre, la playpied le foot à pied on footpiéton/onne pedestrianpique-nique le picnicpiscine la swimming poolpizza la pizzaplacard le cupboardplace la room, spaceplace la seat (at cinema, on

bus etc.)place la square (in town)plage la beachplaire to pleaseplan (de la ville) le (town) planplanche à voile, la windsurfing (board)

plante la plantplastique le plasticplat du jour, le dish of the dayplat le dish, course (of

meal) plat principal main course plat du jour dish of the dayplein full plein de vie full of life plein de lots ofpleurer to cry, to weeppleuvoir to rainpluie la rainplus more plus tard later plus…que more than, …er

thanplusieurs severalpluvieux/euse rainypoche la pocketpointure la size (of shoes)poire la pearpoisson le fishpoivre le pepperpoli politepolice la policepolice-secours emergency servicespolicier crime/detective (film,

story)pollué pollutedpollution la pollutionpomme la applepomme de terre, la potatopont le bridgeporc le porkport le portporte la door, gateportefeuille le walletporte-monnaie le purseporter to carry, to wearportugais PortuguesePortugal le Portugalposer des questions to ask questionspossible possibleposte la post (office)poste le de police police station leposter le posterpot le jarpotable drinking (of water)potage le souppoubelle la dustbinpoulet le chickenpour for … x nuit[s] … x nights … x personne[s] … x peoplepour commencer to start

49

pourboire le tippourquoi whypousser to pushpouvoir to be able topratique handy, practicalpréférer to preferpremier/ère firstprendre + transport to get, to catchprénom le first namepréparer to prepareprès de near (to)(tout) près (very) near(by)présent presentprésenter to introduce, to

presentpresque nearly, almostprêt readyprêter to lendprévisions les (f) forecastprintemps le Springprivé privateprix le price / prize prix fixe fixed/set price prix réduit reduced priceproblème le problemprochain nextproche close, nearprofesseur le/la teacherprofession la professionprogramme le programmeprojet le planpromenade la walk, ride (eg in car)se promener to walkproposer to suggestpropre cleanpropriétaire le/la owner, landlord/

landladyprotection la protectionprotéger to protectpublicité la advert, advertisingpuis thenpull(over) le sweater, pullover,

jumperpyjama le (pair of) pyjamasqu’est-ce que c’est what is itqu’est-ce que whatquai le platformquand when(et) quart quarter (past)quartier le district,

neighbourhooden quatrième in Year 9que whatque veut dire… what does … meanquel/quelle which, whatquelle est la date? what is the date ?quelle heure est-il? what time is it ?

quelqu’un someone, somebodyquelque chose somethingquelquefois sometimesquelques some, a fewquestion la questionqueue la queuequi whoquinze jours fortnightquitter to leavequoi whatraccrochez hang up (on phone)raconter to tell (a story)radio la radioradio la x-rayraisin le grapesraison la reasonrandonnée la ramble, ride (eg on

bike)ranger to tidy, to put awayrapide fast, quickrapidement quicklyrappel le reminder,rappeler to call backrapports les (m) relationshiprare rarerayon le shelf, department (in

store)récemment recentlyrécent recentrecevoir to receiverecommander to recommendrécréation la break, playtimeréduction la reductionréduit reducedrefuser to refuseregarder to look at, to watchrégion la regionrègle la rulerègle la rulerregretter to regret, to missreligieux/euse religiousreligion la religionremercier to thankremplir to fillrencontrer to meetrendez-vous le appointment, daterenseignements information les (m)rentrée (scolaire) la start of school yearrentrer to return, to go back

(home)repas le mealrépéter to repeatrépondeur le answering machinerépondre to answer, to replyréponse la answerse reposer to rest

50

réservation la reservation/bookingréserver to book, to reserveresponsabilité la responsibilityrestaurant le restaurantrester to stay, to remainrésultat le resultretard le delay en retard lateretenue la detention (at school)retirez (la télécarte) remove (the

phonecard)retour le returnretourner to go backréveil le alarm clockrevenir to come backrevoir to see againrez-de-chaussée le ground floorrhume le coldriche richrideau le curtainrien nothingrire to laughrivière la riverriz le ricerobe la dressroman le novelrond roundrond-point le roundaboutrose pinkrôti le (de boeuf) roast (beef)roue la wheelrouge redrouler to go (vehicle)route la roadRoute Nationale, la main (A) road (la N7 etc.) (the N7 etc.)roux/rousse red (of hair)rue la streetrugby le rugbys’amuser to have a good time,

to enjoy oneselfs’asseoir to sit downs’entendre avec to get on (well) withs’excuser to apologizes’habituer à to get used tos’il vous plaît pleasesable le sandsac le bagsac à main, le handbagsac de couchage, le sleeping bagsage good (well-behaved),

wisesain healthysaison la seasonsalade la saladsalaire le salarysale dirty

salle la auditorium (at cinema)

salle à manger la dining roomsalle d’attente la waiting roomsalle de bains la bathroomsalle de classe la classroomsalle de séjour la living room, loungesalon le lounge, living roomsalut Hi!/Bye!samedi, Saturdaysandwich le sandwichsans without sans travail out of worksanté la healthsapeurs-pompiers fire brigade les (m)sauce la sauce, gravysaucisse la sausagesaucisson le salami, sausagesauf exceptsauter to jumpsavoir to know (how to)savon le soapsciences les (f) sciencescience-fiction la science-fictionscolaire school- (adjective)se baigner to go for a swimse coucher to lie down, to go to

bedse disputer to arguese passer to happen, to take

placese promener to go for a walkse reposer to restse réveiller to wake upse trouver to be (situated)séance la showing (at cinema)sec/sèche dryseconde la Year 11secrétaire le/la secretarysecours le help les premiers … first aidsécurité la safety, securityséjour le staysel le saltsemaine la weeksembler to seemsens de l’humour le sense of humoursentir to feel sentir (bon/ to smell (good/ mauvais) bad)séparé separatedseptembre Septembersérie la seriesserveur/euse waiterservice le service service (non) service charge

51

compris (not) includedserviette la towelserviette la briefcaseservir to serveseul onlyseulement onlysévère strictshort le (pair of) shortssi if si on allait …? shall we go … ?,

how about going …?signer to signsilence le silencesimple simple/singlesirop le syrup, mixture

(medicine)situé situateden sixième in Year 7ski le ski, skiing faire du ski to go skiing / to skisœur la sistersoif la thirst avoir soif to be thirstysoir le eveningsoirée la eveningsoldes les (m) sale(s)soleil le sunsondage le survey, opinion pollsorte la sortsortie la exit, junction (on

motorway) sortie de secours emergency exitsortir to go out, to leavesoudain suddenlysouligner to underlinesoupe la soupsourire to smilesouris la mousesous undersous-sol le basementsous-titré subtitledsouvenir le souvenirsouvent oftenspaghettis les (m) spaghettispécial specialspécialité la specialityspectacle le showsport le sport faire du sport to do / take part in

sportssportif/ive sportysports d’hiver les (m) winter sportsstade le stadium, sports

groundstage le work experience,

training coursestation la (underground) stationstationnement le parking

stationner to parkstation-service la petrol station, service

stationsteak le steakstrict strict, severestudio le studio, small flatstylo le pensucre le sugarsucré sweet, sweetened sucré le sweet thingsSuisse la Switzerlandsuisse Swisssuivre to follow suivant followingsuper great, wonderfulsupermarché le supermarketsur onsur le point de on the point of, just

about tosurprise la surprisesurtout especiallysweat-shirt le sweat shirtsympa nicesyndicat tourist information d’initiative le officetabac le tobacco

/tobacconist’s bureau de … le tobacconist’stable la tabletableau le paintingtableau (noir/ (black/white) blanc) le boardtaille la sizetante la aunttapis le carpet, rugtard latetasse la cuptaxi le taxitechnologie la technologytélécarte la phonecardtéléphone le telephonetéléphone mobile phone portable, letéléphoner to (tele)phonetélévision la televisiontempérature la temperaturetemps le weathertemps le time je n’ai pas le … I don’t have timetennis le tennistente la tentterminer to finish, completeterrain le ground, pitchtête la headtexte le textthé le tea (drink)théâtre le theatre

52

ticket le ticket (bus, metro)timbre le stamp … à x francs/euros x franc/euro stamptimide shytirer to pulltoast le (piece of) toasttoilettes les (f) toilet(s)tomate la tomatotomber to falltonalité la (dialling) tonetôt earlytoucher to touchtoujours always, stilltourisme le tourismtouriste le/la touristtourner to turntous les jours every daytout all, everythingtout de suite straight away, at

oncetout droit straight ontout le monde everybody, everyonetoutes directions all directions (on road

sign)toutes les every … minutes ...minutestrain le traintrajet le journey, triptranche la slicetransports en public transport commun les (m)travail le worktravailler to work travailler avec to work with travailler comme/ to work astravailleur/euse hard-workingtraverser to crosstrès verytrimestre le termtriste saden troisième in Year 10trop (de) too much/manytrottoir le pavementtrou le holetrousse de first aid kit premiers secours latrouver to find se trouver to be situatedT-shirt le tee-shirttu es en quelle what class are you classe? in?tu peux me prêter ? can you lend me … ?tu veux m’aider? will you help me ?typique typicalun peu (de) a littleun/une/des a/someuniforme l’ (m) uniform

unique onlyuniversité l’ (f) universityusine l’ (f) factoryutile usefulutiliser to usevacances les (f) holiday(s) les grandes … summer holidaysvache la cowvaisselle la washing-up faire la vaisselle to do the washing-

upvalise la (suit)casevandalisme le vandalismvanille la vanillavarié variedveau le vealvedette la star (film)végétarien/enne vegetarianvélo le bikevendeur/euse shop assistantvendre to sellvendredi Fridayvenir to comevent le windventre le stomachvérifier to checkverre le glassvers aboutvers towards, about (+

time)version (française) (French) la soundtrack … originale original …vert greenveste la jacketvêtements les (m) clothesviande la meatvide emptyvie la lifevieux/vieille oldvillage le villageville la town, cityvin le winevinaigre le vinegarviolence la violenceviolet/ette purplevisage le facevisite la visitvisiter to visitvitamine la vitaminvite quicklyvivre to livevoici here is, this isvoie la trackvoilà there is, that isvoile la sail(ing)voir to see se voir to see one another

53

voisin(e) neighbourvoiture la carvoix la voicevol le flightvolley le volleyballvomir to vomit, to be sickvouloir to want (to)voyager to travelvoyageur le passenger, travellervrai truevraiment really

VTT le mountain bikevue la sightvue la viewWC les (m) toiletweek-end le weekendy thereyaourt le yoghurtyeux les (m) eyeszone piétonne la pedestrian precinctzut! oh hell!

54

Additional Vocabulary – Alphabetical

à carreaux checkedà destination de to (trains etc)à durée déterminée fixed termÀ la tienne/vôtre Cheers !à l’extérieur outside/ outdoorsà l’intérieur inside/ indoorsà peine hardlyà point medium rare (of meat)à sens unique one-wayà temps partiel part-timeabîmer to damageaccro hookedaccueillir to welcomeactualités les (f) current affairsado l’ (m/f) adolescent (slang)affamé starvingaffiche l’ (f) posteragacer to annoyagité rough (of sea)agresser to attackagricole agriculturalainsi in this wayaire de repos l’ (f) (motorway) service areaajouter to addalentours les (m) surroundingsalpinisme l’ (m) climbingambiance l’ (f) atmosphere / moodaméliorer to improveaménagé well-equippedamende l’ (f) fineamoureux/euse in loveanimateur/trice presenterannuaire l’ (m) (telephone) directoryannuler to cancelantenne l’ (f) aerial ...parabolique satellite dishapprécier to appreciateargent l’ (m) silverarracher (une dent) to extract (a tooth)arrondissement l’ district (esp. of Paris) (m)arroser to waterartisan l’ (m) craftsmanassassin l’ (m) murdererassurance l’ (f) insuranceatelier l’ (m) workshopatout l’ (m) asset / trumpatterrir to landaugmenter to increaseauparavant before / previouslyautrement dit in other wordsavaler to swallowavare meanavenir l’ (m) future

averse l’ (f) downpouravoir du mal à to have difficulty in …faire quelque …doing something chose avoir hâte de to look forward toavoir horreur de to loatheavoir lieu to take placebague la ringbaignoire la bathbalade la stroll / walkbande la gangbanlieue la suburbbatterie la drumsbattre to beatbéquilles les (f) crutchesbêtise la silly act / remarkbeur le/la arab (slang)bien cuit well done (of food)bise la (faire) (to) kiss (on both cheeks)blaguer to jokebonheur le happinessbonne (couleur) la the right (colour)bouchon le traffic jamboucle d’oreille la ear-ringbouclé curlybouleverser to upset / distressboulot le job/work (slang)branché trendybrevet le (BEPC) end of KS3 exambricolage le do-it-yourselfbrûler to burnbrume la mistbruyant noisybulletin le school reportbureau des lost property office objets trouvés leça (te/vous) do you fancy … ? dit quelque chose … ?ça m’est égal I don’t careça vaut it’s worthcadre le executivecalcul le calculation / sumscambrioler to burglecaméra la camera (film / TV)caméscope le video-cameracar de ramassage school bus lecarré squarecarrière la careercarton le cardboardcasier le locker / pigeon-holecasque le crash helmetcasse-croûte le snackcasserole la (sauce)pan

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caution la (breakage) depositCDI le (centre de learning centre / documentation et resources centre/ d’information) (school) libraryce n’est pas la it’s not worth it peinechaîne la channel (TV)chaleur la heatchambre d’hôte la bed and breakfast

(establishment)chargé full / busychariot le (supermarket) trolleychâtain chestnutchauffé heatedchemin de fer le railwaycheville la anklechiffres les (m) figureschrétien/enne Christiancivière la stretcherclasser to fileclavier le keyboardcochonnerie la` rubbish / junk foodcoiffeuse la dressing-tablecolère la angercolis le parcelcomédien/enne actor/actresscommerçant(e) shopkeepercompatissant sympatheticcomporter to consist of / includecompréhensif/ive understandingcomptable le/la accountantcompte le (bank) accountcompter (sur) to count (on)concerner to concernconfiance la confidencecongeler to freezeconnaissance la acquaintanceconseil le adviceconseiller (careers) (d’orientation) adviserconstruire to buildcontenu le contentscontrat le contractcontrôle le testconvenir (à) to suitcouche d’ozone la ozone layercoup le blow …de feu shot …de poing punch …de soleil sunburn …de téléphone phone callcouramment fluentlycourrier (electronic) mail (électronique) lecourrier du cœur le agony columncourse la race / racing

coutume la customcouture la sewingcrevé puncturedcrise cardiaque la heart attackcru rawcuillerée la spoonfulcuisse la thighd’occasion second handd’origine (africaine) of (African) origindans l’ensemble on the wholedébarquer to get off (plane/ship)se débrouiller to cope / managedécédé deaddéchiré torndécoller to take offdéçu disappointeddéfendre to forbiddéfilé le processiondégoûtant disgustingdeltaplane le hang-gliderdéménager to move (house)démuni depriveddépanner to repair / fixdépassé out-dateddépasser to exceeddéposer to drop offdéranger to disturbse déshabiller to get undresseddessin animé le cartoon (film)se détendre to relaxdétritus le rubbishdétruire to destroydéviation la diversiondiplôme le diploma / qualificationdisparaître to disappeardisponible availabledisposer de to have availabledistraction la entertainmentdistributeur cash-machine/ (automatique) hole-in-the-wall de billetsdonner to give … un coup de to give main (à) (someone) a handdoubler to overtakedoué good at / gifteddouleur la paindoux/douce milddroit le law (study of)drôle funnydur hardDVD le DVDéchouer à to fail (an exam) (un examen)éclairage l’ (m) lightingéclaircie l’ (f) sunny period

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écran l’ (m) screenécraser to run overeffet de serre l’ (m) greenhouse effecteffrayant frighteningégal equalégalité l’ (f) equalityégoïste selfishélever to bring upemballage l’ (m) packagingembarquer to get on board (plane/ship)embaucher to hire / employempêcher to preventemprunter to borrowEMT l’ (f) design (technology)en ce qui concerne… as far as … is concerneden première in Year 12 (lower 6th)en provenance de from (trains etc.)en terminale in Year 13 (upper 6th)en voie de endangered disparitionénergie (nuclear) energy (nucléaire) l’ (f)(s’)énerver to irritate (get irritated)enregistrer to recordenrichissant rewardingenseignement l’ (m) education / teachingensemble togetherensemble l’ (m) set/group dans … on the wholeenthousiaste enthusiasticentorse l’ (f) sprainentretien l’ (m) interview (for job)éplucher to peelépouser to marryéprouver to feel / to experienceépuiser to exhaustescalade l’ (f) rock-climbingescrime l’ (f) fencingespoir l’ (m) hopeessuyer to wipe / dryestivant(e) summer visitorétablissement l’ (m) establishmentétagère l’ (f) shelfétang l’ (m) pondétat l’ (m) stateéteindre to put out (light / fire)être en train de to be (in the process of)être reçu to passévénement eventévier l’ (m) sinkéviter to avoidexcès de speeding vitesse l’ (m)expérimenté experiencedexposition l’ (f) exhibitionextérieur l’ (m) outside/ outdoors

fabriquer to manufacturefâché angryfacultatif/ive optionalfaculté la universityfaire du lèche-vitrines to window-shopfaire la grasse to have a lie-in matinéefait divers le news story /itemfamilial family/domesticfauché broke (without money)faune la animal life / faunaféliciter to congratulatefemme de chambermaid chambre lafer le ironfermeture (annuelle) (annual) closing lafermeture éclair la zip (fastener)fêter to celebratefeu d’artifice le firework (display)fiançailles les (f) engagement (party)fiche la formfier/ère proudse fier à to trust (in)file la lane (on road) tenir la file to stay in the (left / right (de gauche / droite) hand) lanefilière (scientifique) la (scientific) pathwayflash le newsflashfléau le curseflèche la arrowfleuve le riverflic le cop (slang: police officer)flore la plant life / florafoire la fairfonctionnement le workingfond le far endforêt la forestfrais/fraîche cool / freshfranchement franklyfrancophone French-speakingfrisé curlygâcher to spoilgamme la rangegaspiller to wastegaz carbonique le carbon dioxidegaz d’échappement exhaust gases les (m)gazon le lawngêner to bother / embarrassgenre le type / stylegosse le/la kid (slang)(pas) grand-chose (not) muchgrande surface la hypermarketgrenier le atticgrève la strike

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griffé designer (describingclothes)

gronder to tell off/scoldguérir to cure / to healguerre la wars’habiller to get dressedhaïr to hatehaltérophilie l’ (f) weight-liftingheurter to run intohorreur l’ (f) horrorimmatriculation l’ (f) registration (of car)immigré (e) immigrantimporter to matterimprimante l’ (f) printerimprimer to printinadmissible unacceptableinconnu(e) strangerindicatif l’ (m) dialling codeinfos les (f) newsinondation l’ (f) floods’inquiéter to worryinsolation l’ (f) sunstrokeinsonorisation l’ (f) sound-proofinginstituteur/trice primary teacherintérieur l’ (m) inside/ indoorsIUT l’ (m) technical collegeivre drunkjaloux/se jealousjardin zoologique le zoojouet le toyjournée continue la continuous day (ie not

closing for lunch)juge le/la judgejuif/ve Jewishjumeau/jumelle twinlaid uglylaitier dairylangues vivantes modern languages les (f)le long de alonglecteur le reader …de CD/DVD CD/DVD playerléger/ère lightlentilles de contact contact lenses les (f)lessive la washinglevée la collection (at post-box)licence la degreelicencier to sack / dismisslien le linklieu le placelimite de vitesse la speed limitlogement le housinglook le image / fashionloyer le rentlumière la light

lutter (contre) to fight (against)machin le thingmaghrébin(e) North Africanmagnétoscope le video recorder (VCR)maison des youth club jeunes la (MJC)maître-nageur le life-guardmal le harm / evilmalsain unhealthymaltraiter to ill-treatmanifestation la demonstrationmannequin le modelmanquer to lack il manque there’s (a button) (un bouton) missingmanquer to missmanuel le text-bookmarée la tide … noire ...oil-slickmarque la make / brandmaternelle la nursery schoolmatières grasses fats les (f)matinal early risermatinée la morningmauvaise (taille) la the wrong (size)mazout le fuel-oilmeilleurs vœux best wishesmél le emailmentalité la the way people thinkmentir to liemerguez la (spicy) sausagemetteur en scène le director (of play)mignon/onne cutemilieu le middlemobylette la mopedmoitié la halfmôme le/la kid (slang)moniteur/trice instructormonoparental one-parentmoral le morale / spiritsmouiller to wetmourir to diemoyenne la averagemusulman Muslimn’importe quel/ no matter qui/où what/who/wherenaissance la birthnégliger to neglectneveu le nephewnièce la nieceniveau le levelnoces les (f) weddingnocif/ve harmfulnuire to harmombragé shady

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or l’ (m) goldorage l’ (m) stormordonnance l’ (f) prescriptionordures les (f) rubbishorphelin (e) orphanos l’ (m) bonepaisible peacefulpanneau le road signpapier peint le wallpaperparaître to appearparc d’attractions le theme parkpare-brise le windscreenpareil/eille alike / the sameparesseux/euse lazyparole la wordpassable acceptablepassage à niveau le level crossingpatienter to hang onpatrimoine le heritagepaysage le sceneryPC le PC (personal computer)PDG le managing director (président-directeur- général)se peigner to comb one’s hairpeau la skinpeine la troublepellicule la film (for camera)perfectionner to improvepériphérique la ring-roadpermettre to allowpetit-fils le grandsonpetite fille la grand-daughterpétrole le oil / petroleumpeu importe it doesn’t matterphare le headlightpiquant spicypiquer to stingpiqûre la bite / sting / injectionpittoresque picturesquese plaindre to complainplaisir le pleasureplatine laser la CD playerplomb le leadplomber (une dent) to fill (a tooth)plongée la diving … sous-marine scuba-divingplonger to diveplongeur/euse washer-uppneu le tyrepoids lourd le heavy (goods) vehiclepolyvalent versatile/multi-purposeportable le mobile phonepoumon le lungpoursuivre to carry on with / to

pursuepoussière la dust

pratiquer to take part in / playpréjugé le prejudicepréservatif le condomse presser to hurrypression la draught beerprévention routière road safety laprévu plannedprise la (electric) socketpriver to depriveproduit le produce / productprofiter de to take advantage ofprofond deepprogrès les (m) progress (usually

plural)promotion la special offerproximité la closeness à proximité nearbyquotidien (le) daily (newspaper)radin tight / stingyradio la X-rayralentir to slow downrapport le connectionse raser to have a shaveravi delightedrayé stripedrayon le shelfréalisateur/trice director (of film)réchaud le (camping) stoveréchauffement le warming …de la terre global warmingrecherche la researchreconnaissant gratefulreçu le receiptrecycler to recyclerédacteur/trice editorredoubler to repeat a yearréduire to reduceréfléchir to think (carefully)régime le dietrèglement le rules / regulationsremarquer to noticerembourser to re-imburse / give back

moneyremise la discountremporter (un prix) to win (a prize)rémunérer to payrenoncer (à) to give uprenouvelable renewablerenverser to knock downrepasser to ironreprendre to resume / take up againrespiratoire breathingressembler à to look like se ressembler to look alikeretraite la retirementrétrécir to shrink

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réunion la meetingréussir to succeedrêver to dreamrevue la (glossy) magazinerigolo amusingrobinet le taproman-photo le photo-romancerond roundroutier le lorry driverruisseau le streamsaignant rare (of meat)Saint-Sylvestre la New Year’s EveSaint-Valentin la Valentine’s Daysalé savoury / saltedSAMU le ambulance servicesang le bloodsans doute no doubtsans-abri le/la homeless (person)sans-souci carefreesatisfaire to satisfysauvage wildsauvegarder to safeguardscolarisation la schoolingSDF le (sans homeless domicile fixe) personse brosser to brush (one’s teeth/ (les dents/ one’s hair) les cheveux)se consacrer à to devote oneself tose débrouiller to cope / managese déshabiller to get undressedse détendre to relaxse fier à to trust (in)s’habiller to get dresseds’inquiéter to worryse peigner to comb one’s hairse plaindre to complainse presser to hurryse raser to have a shavese taire to be quietse tromper to make a mistake / to be

wrong … de numéro to dial a wrong numbersécheresse la droughtsecrétariat le (school) officesection (d’anglais) (English) department laséduisant attractivesensible sensitivesérieux/se serious / responsibleserré tightseul alone à moi seul to myself tout(e) seul(e) all alonesida le aidsSNCF la French railwayssoldé reduced / on offer

son et lumière le sound & light showsouci le worrysouffrir to suffersouhaitable desirablesous-marin underwatersouterrain undergroundsparadrap le sticking plasterstation balnéaire la sea-side resortstation de ski la ski resortsuffisamment sufficiently/enoughsupporter to bea /standsur (vingt) out of (twenty)surchargé overloadedsurveillant(e) supervisor/prefectsurveiller to keep an eye onsyndicat le trade uniontabagisme le tobacco addictionse taire to be quiettant so muchtant mieux fine/so much the bettertant pis too badtaper (à la machine) to typetaquiner to teasetaux d’alcool le alcohol leveltaux de change le exchange ratetéléspectateur/trice (TV) viewertémoin le witnesstenir to hold / keep toTGV le high-speed traintitre le title gros titre le headlinetomber amoureux to fall in love (with) (de)tondre to mowtorchon le tea-toweltouche la key (on keyboard)tour la tower block / high-rise

flatstournée la tour (of singer, etc)tourner un film to make a filmToussaint la All Saints Daytoxicomane le/la drug addicttrain-train le routinetraitement de texte word processing letraiter de to deal withtravaux les roadworkstraversée la crossingtremblement de earthquake terre letremper to soaktricot le knitting (also woollen

garment)trier to sorttroisième âge le old age

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se tromper to make a mistake / to bewrong

… de numéro ...to dial a wrong numbertruc le thingtube le hit (record etc)tuer to killUE l’ (f) the EU (Union Européenne)une la front pageuni plain / self-colouredvague la wavevaleur la value

vallée la valleyverglas le black iceveuf le widowerveuve la widowvide-grenier le car-boot salevitrine la shop windowvolant le steering wheelvoler to stealvolet le shuttervolonté la willvolontiers gladly

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LANGUAGE TASKS RECORD

A check-list of what you should be able to do for eachTheme/Module, and how – listening, speaking, reading, or writingwith room for your own notes.

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LANGUAGE TASKS RECORD

Language Tasks Record - How much can you do?

All the language tasks you will be expected to practise for the examination are set out onthe next few pages.

You will see the tasks have been grouped into Themes/Modules as the following boxesshow.

Topic Theme/Module 1 - My World1A Self, Family and Friends

1B Interests and Hobbies

1C Home and Local Environment

1D Daily Routine

1E School and Future Plans (up to age 18)

Topic Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time & Travel2A Travel, Transport and Finding the Way

2B Tourism

2C Accommodation

2D Holiday Activities

2E Services

Topic Theme/Module 3 – Work & Lifestyle3A Home Life

3B Healthy Living

3C Part-time Jobs and Work Experience

3D Leisure

3E Shopping

Topic Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society4A Character and Personal Relationships

4B The Environment

4C Education

4D Careers and Future Plans (after age 18)

4E Social Issues, Choices and Responsibilities

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How do I use this Record?

❍❍❍❍ Look at the page headed ‘Theme/Module 1 – My World’. You will see that this page isdivided into topics and that each topic is divided into separate tasks.Alongside each task are four boxes, with the headings ‘Listen’, ‘Speak’, ‘Read’, ‘Write’.The boxes are for you to tick whenever you are sure that you can do the task yourself orunderstand someone else doing it.

❍❍❍❍ Here is an example of a record which Penny has started to fill in, for Topic 1B – Interestsand Hobbies.

1B – Interests and Hobbies Listen Speak Read Write

State my weekend and evening activities ✓ ✓

Look at the first line. Penny can say what she does at the weekend and in the eveningand she can understand someone else doing the same, so she has ticked the ‘Speak’and ‘Listen’ boxes on that line. Penny isn’t yet sure that she can understand details ofweekend and evening activities when she reads them, so she hasn’t ticked the ‘Read’box yet. She isn’t able to write down what she does at evenings and weekends yet, soshe hasn’t ticked the ‘Write’ box.

���� ‘Listening’ means that you can understand

• other people performing the tasks listed

• announcements, instructions, requests and interviews on the tasks listed

• monologues, and conversations between two or more people, on the tasks listed.

� ‘Speaking’ means that you can

• carry out the tasks listed, by speaking

• take part in a conversation on the topics listed

���� ‘Reading’ means that you can understand

• other people communicating appropriate tasks listed, in writing

• written material associated with, or on the subject of, the tasks listed.

���� ‘Writing’ means that you can

• carry out appropriate tasks in the list in writing

• write on the subject of the tasks listed.

❍❍❍❍ As you go through your course, keep your own record of how much you can do, by tickingthe boxes on the next few pages, and by making notes about how well you are doing. Youcan also tell where you need a bit more practice by looking to see which boxes are still blankand reading your notes. Fill in your record every time you are sure of a task and you willsoon see at a glance just how much you can do!

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Theme/Module 1 – My World

1A – Self, Family and Friends Listen Speak Read Write

Give information about yourself, your family,

friends and pets: name, age, birthday,

nationality, likes and dislikes, physical

appearance, jobs

Ask for and understand information about

someone else’s family, friends and pets: name,

age, birthday, nationality, likes and dislikes,

physical appearance, jobs

Spell out your own name, street and town and

understand someone else spelling out their

name, street and town

Greet someone and respond to greetings

Ask how someone is and respond to similar

enquiries

Make and understand informal introductions

Welcome and receive a visitor

Thank someone for their hospitality

Give information about whether or not you

are married

Ask about and understand whether or not

someone else is married

State your opinions and feelings towards

members of the family

Ask about and understand someone else’s

opinions about and feelings towards members

of the family

1B – Interests and Hobbies Listen Speak Read Write

State what you do at evenings and weekends

Understand and respond to an invitation to

take part

Give, ask for and understand information

about hobbies and interests (when, where,

with whom, how often)

Give, ask for and understand, opinions and

preferences about hobbies and interests

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Theme/Module 1 – My World

My notes on 1A – Self, Family and Friends .....................................................................................

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My notes on 1B – Interests and Hobbies.........................................................................................

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Theme/Module 1 – My World (cont.)

1C – Home and Local Environment Listen Speak Read Write

State your address and understand someone

else stating their address

Give information about your house or flat, its

location, details of rooms, garage, garden:

location, colour, size, contents

Ask for and understand information about

someone else’s house or flat, its location,

details of rooms, garage, garden: location,

colour, size, contents

Give, ask for and understand information

about having your own room or sharing

Give, ask for and understand information

about travelling into town and how long the

journey takes

Give a description of your own town,

neighbourhood and region: location,

character, amenities, features of interest

Ask for and understand a description of

someone else’s town, neighbourhood and

region: location, character, amenities,

features of interest

Compare your own country with a French

speaking country or community: towns, region,

climate and geographical features

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about where you and other people

live and the advantages and disadvantages of

the local environment

1D – Daily Routine Listen Speak Read Write

Give information about your daily routine on

weekdays and at weekends

Ask about and understand, someone else’s

daily routine on weekdays and at weekends

Give, ask for and understand, information and

opinions about meals at school and at home

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Theme/Module 1 – My World (cont.)

My notes on 1C – Home and Local Environment ..............................................................................

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My notes on 1D – Daily Routine ..........................................................................................................

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Theme/Module 1 – My World (cont.)

1E – School and Future Plans Listen Speak Read Write

Make requests in the classroom

Understand instructions in the classroom

Give, ask for and understand details of school

routine, travel to and from school and extra-

curricular activities

Give information and opinions about your

school: size, location, facilities

Ask for and understand information and

opinions about someone else’s school: size,

location, facilities

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about school subjects, school

timetables, terms and holidays

Give information about your future plans in

coming months

Ask about and understand someone else’s

future plans in coming months

Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 1

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Theme/Module 1 – My World (cont.)

My notes on 1E – School and Future Plans.......................................................................................

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Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel

2A – Travel, Transport and Finding the

Way

Listen Speak Read Write

Attract the attention of a passer-by

Give, ask for and understand the location of a

place and of facilities such as bus stops,

toilets, platforms

Understand simple signs, announcements and

notices in the street, shops, stores and

supermarkets

Obtain and understand information from

maps, street plans and timetables

Buy tickets, or a booklet of tickets, giving

details: destination, single or return, class,

day of travel

Give, ask for and understand information

about a journey, including means of transport,

directions, times of arrival and departure,

cost, travel conditions, problems

2B – Tourism Listen Speak Read Write

Ask for information about a region, town or

area, including lists of hotels, restaurants

Describe weather conditions and give simple

predictions about the weather

Give, ask for and understand information

about a holiday: where, with whom, how long,

when

Give, ask for and understand information

about a particular holiday region, town or

area, including what there is to do and see,

excursions, visits

State preferences for different types of

holiday

Give, ask for and understand information

about local customs, festivals and culinary

specialities

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Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel

My notes on 2A – Travel, Transport and Finding the Way..........................................................

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Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel (cont.)

2C – Accommodation Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about the location of rooms in a house, hotel

etc and where facilities are: restaurant,

toilet, shower or bathroom, garage, lift

Give, ask for and understand information

about accommodation, including availability,

when, for how long, requirements, cost,

acceptability, rules and regulations,

mealtimes

Make and understand complaints about

inadequate accommodation and problems with

accommodation

2D – Holiday Activities Listen Speak Read Write

Accept and decline offers of food and drink

Understand signs and announcements inside

and outside restaurants and cafés

Give, ask for and understand information

about food, drink, cafés, restaurants,

including reserving a table, ordering, paying

Give, ask for and understand opinions about

food, drink, cafés, restaurant, including

reserving a table, ordering, paying

Make a complaint, giving reasons

Give, ask for and understand information

about holiday activities and interests,

including tourist attractions and

entertainments

Give, ask for and understand opinions about

holiday activities and interests, including

tourist attractions and entertainments

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Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel (cont.)

My notes on 2C – Accommodation .....................................................................................................

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Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel (cont.)

2E – Services Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about postal services, including sending and

receiving letters, faxes, email, phone calls

Give, ask for and understand information

about money transactions, including changing

money and cheques.

Give, ask for and understand information

about hiring things such as bicycles, boats,

sleeping bags: cost, condition, location

Give, ask for and understand information

about a loss or theft, saying what has been

lost and where it was lost or stolen and

describing the item: what it is made of, size,

colour, make, contents

Give information about how you feel: well, ill,

better, cold, hot, tired

Ask for and understand information about

how someone else is feeling: well, ill, better,

cold, hot, tired

Give, ask for and understand information

about consulting a doctor, dentist or chemist,

including questions about common ailments

and treatment

Give, ask for and understand information

about the location and basic details of an

accident or breakdown, including calling the

emergency services or garage

Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 2

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Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel (cont.)

My notes on 2E – Services.................................................................................................................

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Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 2

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Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle

3A – Home Life Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about meals, mealtimes and eating habits

Give information about what you and other

people in your family do to help around the

house

Ask for and understand information about

what someone else and other people in their

family do to help around the house

Offer and ask for help to do something

around the house

Give, ask for and understand information

about important festivals

3B – Healthy Living Listen Speak Read Write

Say what kind of food and drink you prefer

and understand someone else doing the same

Give, ask for and understand information

about eating habits

Understand publicity and announcements

about food

Give, ask for and understand information

about healthy meals and how to prepare them

Give, ask for and understand information

about healthy and unhealthy lifestyles

Give, ask for and understand opinions about

radio and TV broadcasts about food and

health

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Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle

My notes on 3A – Home Life...............................................................................................................

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My notes on 3B - Healthy Living........................................................................................................

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Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

3C – Part-time Jobs and Work Experience Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about travel to work: times, means of

transport, how long the journey lasts

Make a phone call and ask to speak to

someone

Leave a simple telephone message: name,

telephone number, time to call back and

understand someone else doing the same

Give, ask for and understand information

about weekend jobs and work experience

Give information about whether suitable work

is available

Make arrangements to contact or be

contacted by phone, fax or email

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Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

My notes on 3C – Part-time Jobs and Work Experience .............................................................

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Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

3D – Leisure Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about TV programmes, radio, music,

performers, personalities

Give, ask for and understand opinions about

TV programmes, radio, music, performers,

personalities

Give, ask for and understand information

about leisure facilities, including times and

prices

Make arrangements to go out, including

invitation, location, time and understand

someone else doing the same

Understand publicity about leisure activities

and public events

Give, ask for and understand opinions about

leisure activities and opportunities

Give, ask for and understand information and

preferences about events such as theatre,

films, dances

Give, ask for and understand information

about sporting events, including watching and

taking part

Give, ask for and understand opinions about

sporting events, including watching and taking

part

Narrate the main features of a book,

newspaper, television or radio programme,

film or play

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Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

My notes on 3D – Leisure ....................................................................................................................

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Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

3E – Shopping Listen Speak Read Write

Understand signs and announcements in and

around shops including opening and closing

times, special offers, discounts, sales

Understand advertisements about shops and

shopping including opening and closing times,

special offers, discounts, sales

Give, ask for and understand information

about particular goods, including description,

price, quantity, size, availability,

acceptability, payment

Give, ask for and understand information

about shopping facilities in a town or area

Give, ask for and understand opinions about

shopping facilities in a town or area

Give, ask for and understand information

about shopping experiences and preferences

Give, ask for and understand opinions about

shopping experiences and preferences

Say you will or will not buy something, giving a

reason

Make a complaint about unsatisfactory goods,

giving reasons

Ask for a refund or replacement for

unsatisfactory goods

Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 3

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Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

My notes on 3E – Shopping .................................................................................................................

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Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society

4A – Character and Personal Relationships Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about:

• your and other people’s character and

personality

• feelings and problems arising out of

personal relationships with parents or

friends or adults

• personal feelings towards other people

• the qualities of a good friend or

relationship

• the character and personality of famous

people

• issues about marriage and children

• why parents or friends hold different

views

4B – The Environment Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about:

• types of housing in your area

• transport issues in your area, traffic

congestion, public transport

• reasons for pollution such as lack of

recycling, too much packaging, overuse of

energy

• issues concerning conservation such as

recycling, wildlife, energy sources

• factors which might lead to an ideal

environment

• simple ways to improve the environment

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Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society

My notes on 4A – Character and Personal Relationships .............................................................

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My notes on 4B – The Environment...................................................................................................

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Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society (cont.)

4C – Education Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about:

• types of school, further education and

training

• reasons for choices of study and training

• issues at school or college such as rules,

uniform, choice of subjects, teaching

• the benefits of school

• difficulties encountered in study

• ideas for improving study and social

facilities at school

• the pressure for good results and

completing work and its effects on

relationships and social life

4D – Careers and Future Plans (after age

18)

Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about:

• plans for the time after completion of

formal education

• the advantages and disadvantages of

different occupations: wages, working

conditions, prospects

• long-term career plans and intentions

• working abroad

• future plans relating to marriage, family,

children, home, holidays

• issues relating to pressures to earn

money or to study

• the advantages and disadvantages of

having a break before further study

• the pressure to follow an expected

career or study path versus your own

personal preference

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Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society (cont.)

My notes on 4C – Education ................................................................................................................

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My notes on 4D – Careers and Future Plans (after age 18) ........................................................

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Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society (cont.)

4E – Social Issues, Choices and

Responsibilities

Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about:

• seeking a job

• advertisements

• problems appropriate to age, experience

and interests

• different family situations

• issues associated with equal

opportunities: gender or race, at school

or work

• issues associated with media pressure,

peer pressure and parental pressure and

expectations

• unemployment and the difficulties in

finding a job

• problems arising from unemployment

and/or financial difficulties

• issues concerning smoking, alcohol and

drugs

• issues about the consequences of

addictions

Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 4

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Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society (cont.)

My notes on 4E - Social Issues, Choices and Responsibilities....................................................

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COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES

How to work out the answer even if you don’t know all the words!

There are also hints and tips on how to discover the meaning withoutneeding your dictionary, too.

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COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES

or How to work out the answer even if you don’t know all the words

In your GCSE examination you will sometimes need to understand or use words which youhaven’t met before. Don’t panic! This is where you need communication strategies or waysof working out the answer even if you don’t know all the words. The next few pages giveyou plenty of tips. Use these and your common sense and you will find life much easier.

Understanding words when Listening and Reading

In the examination, as in real life, when you are listening to someone speaking French, youdon’t have time to use a dictionary. When you are reading French, you would quickly losethe thread if you had to look up every word. So you need some help in finding the meaningquickly, without any help from anywhere else.

It will help to ask yourself a few simple questions.

Do I need to read or listen to every word?

Sometimes the same thing will be written or said more than once, in different ways.Sometimes there will be extra information which you do not need in order to answer thequestion. In both cases, you need to know what’s important and what you can ignore.

To help you pick out the information you really need to know so that you can answer thequestion

• make sure you really understand the question set

• decide what kind of question it is – is it asking for details, or for an overallimpression?

• watch out for the words which will help you answer it, and ignore the rest.

Asking for details:

For example“The girl was tall and thin, with brown hair. Her coat and shoes were blue.She stopped at the kiosk and bought a newspaper.”

Question: “What colour were her clothes?”

To answer this you need to watch out only for words for colours and clothes. You canignore the rest of the sentence, because you don’t need the other words to answer thisquestion.

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Asking for an overall impression:

When the question asks you to sum up what you have heard or read, or give an overallimpression, you will probably need to gather clues from different places in the text. In thiskind of question it is very important not to make snap judgements from just one or twowords – you need to read or listen right through to the end before you decide on youranswer.

For example“Although he didn’t have much money, Jim always tried to help other people.Jim was small and thin and his clothes were old but he would rather give a fewpence to charity than spend money on himself.”

Question: “What does this tell you about Jim’s character?”

To answer this, you need to watch out for the words which tell you about the kinds of thingsJim did. The question isn’t asking you what Jim looked like, so you can ignore the wordswhich tell you about his appearance and concentrate on the ones which tell you how hebehaved.

Are there any useful clues in the sentence?

The rest of the sentence can help you to work out the meaning of a word you don’t know.The following sentences contain made-up words, but you can make a reasonable guess atwhat kind of things they are from the rest of the sentence.

“The man was wearing a fizzo on his head.” (some kind of hat).

“ The woman was accompanied by a long-haired bilpo on a long lead.”(some kind of animal)

Intelligent guesswork of this kind can help you to make an attempt at the answer.

How can my knowledge of grammar help me?

If you know about how plurals of words are formed, how different tenses are made and suchthings as the rules for making words agree with each other, you will have some idea of whatkind of unknown word you are dealing with. This can help you to make an intelligent guessat its meaning.

Look at this example in English: “The hungry cows waited at the gate.”

Here are some of the things which you know about English and which would help in workingout what kind of words you are dealing with.

• Adding ‘-s’ usually makes a noun plural in English• Adding ‘-ed’ to a verb usually makes a verb into the past tense• A word between ‘the’ and a noun is often an adjective describing the noun

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Using clues of this kind in French can help you to find your way through the sentence and towork out

• what kind of word you are dealing with• how the sentence as a whole fits together

What do I know about the French way of life?

If you know something about the country and the way of life of the people whose languageyou are studying, you will have a better chance of working out what something means.

For example, your knowledge of the money they use could help you. It is obvious, fromyour knowledge of British currency, that

• “They paid three pence for the cinema tickets” is nonsense, but• “They paid three pounds for the cinema tickets” makes sense.

Knowledge of this kind can also help you in making sense of French

Are there any patterns in the language to help me?

It can help you to unravel the meaning of a word if you understand how the word itself hasbeen put together. Look particularly for prefixes (letters added to the front of a word) andsuffixes (letters added to the end of the word).

For example

• the prefix ‘re-’ often gives the idea of ‘again’ or ‘back’, eg.

commencer - to startrecommencer - to start againvenir - to comerevenir - to come backentrer - to go inrentrer - to go back in (to go back home)

• the prefix ‘in-’ often acts like the English prefix ‘un-’, eg.

connu - knowninconnu - unknown

utile - usefulinutile - useless

• the suffix ‘-ment ’ is often ‘-ly’ in English, eg.

certainement - certainlyexactement - exactlyextrêmement - extremelygénéralement - generally

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lentement - slowlynormalement - normallyvraiment - reallymalheureusement - unfortunatelyrapidement - quickly

• the suffix ‘-ette’ often makes something smaller, eg.

la maison - housela maisonette - small house, cottage

la fille - girlla fillette - little girl

le cigare - cigarla cigarette - cigarette

All words like cassette, allumette, serviette, fourchette tell you that they are smallobjects.

• the suffix ‘-té’ is like the English ‘-ty’ on the end of a noun, eg.

l’hospitalité - hospitalityl’identité - identityl’université - universityla spécialité - specialityla publicité - publicity, advert

• the suffixes ‘-ier’ and ‘-ière’ on jobs show whether it is a man or a woman, eg.

un fermier - farmerune fermière - woman farmer

un ouvrier - worker (m)une ouvrière - worker (f)

un cassier - cashier (m)une cassière - cashier (f)

• the suffixes ‘-eur’ and ‘-euse’ do the same, eg.

un vendeur - shop assistant (m)une vendeuse - shop assistant (f)

un serveur - waiterune serveuse - waitress

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Understanding words when Reading

Here are some extra hints to help you understand words which you have not met beforewhen you are reading. Try asking yourself the following questions.

Are any words the same as in English?

There are a lot of words which look the same as in English and have the same, or almostthe same meaning. These words are often called cognates. They can help you tounderstand words you don’t know in French, though you do need to be careful, as you’ll seebelow.

Here are some cognates

le garage - garagele taxi - taxile poster - posterle piano - pianole sport - sportla date - datel’Europe - Europeorange - orangele ticket - ticketle ski - skila sauce - saucele village - villagela photo - photographle magazine - magazinele concert - concertdirect - directle fruit - fruitle week-end - weekendle sandwich - sandwich

And some near-cognates – words which have nearly the same spelling in French as inEnglish. These are listed on the next page.

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l’âge - agela personne - personle short - shortsle porc - porkle jus - juicela musique - musicl’histoire - historyl’adulte - adultsérieux - seriousl’oncle - unclel’orchestre - orchestral’examen - examla lampe - lamp

BEWARE! There are also a few ‘false friends’ – words which look the same in French andEnglish but have different meanings. Watch out for words such as

grand - bigla place - square, seat, roomla journée - dayla pièce - room, coin, playle parking - car parklarge - widela cave - cellarjoli - prettyla veste - jacketmince - slimle médecin - doctorla monnaie - changele slip - briefsle car - coachle crayon - pencilles affaires - businessle pain - breadles baskets - trainers

What else helps?

There are a lot of words in French which you can understand if you know a few simplespelling rules. These will help you to work out what the word is in English.

Here are some examples:

• Words which end in ‘-ie’ in French often end in ‘-y’ in English, eg.

la technologie - technologyla biologie - biologyla géographie - geographyla Normandie - Normandy

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• Words with a circumflex often have an extra ‘s’ in English, eg.

coûter - To costaoût - Augustla côte - Coastl’hôtesse del’air

- Air hostess

le château - castlela fête - feast, festivall’hôpital - hospitalle rôti - roast

• French verbs without the inifinitive ending ‘-er’ sometimes look like English verbs, eg.

admirer - to admirepayer - to paydétester - to detest, hatecontinuer - to continuetéléphoner - to telephone, ring upsigner - to signvisiter - to visitrefuser - to refuseproposer - to propose/suggest

• The ‘-ant’ ending is often ‘-ing’ in English:

intéressant - interestingamusant - amusingpassionnant - excitingcharmant - charmingpendant - during

• The ‘-eux’ ending is often ‘-ous’ in English:

religieux - religiousdélicieux - delicioussérieux - seriousjoyeux - joyous, happydangereux - dangerous

• The ‘-ique’ ending is often ‘-ic’ in English:

l’Atlantique - the Atlanticla musique - musicdynamique - dynamicélectronique - electronicla physique - physicsla plastique - plastic

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Understanding words when Listening

It is easier to use guidelines when you are reading than when you are listening to Frenchbecause you have more time to stop and think about the unknown word and the wordsaround it. All the same, there are some ways in which you can help yourself.

Are any words the same as in English?

There are many words which sound the same, or almost the same as in English, and havethe same meaning, such as

l’âge - agenormal - normalle week-end - weekendle ski - skila télévision - televisionla classe - classle groupe - groupl’animal - animalle bus - busle film - filmla soupe - soup

How else can I help myself?

Some words which look the same as in English do not sound the same, but if you knowsomething about sound patterns in French, you will find them easier to recognise. Here aresome examples where knowing sound patterns can help.

The sound ‘ee’ will almost always be spelt with the letter ‘i ‘ in French:

le riz - ricela ville - townlire - to readle silence - silencele lit - bedfacile - easyici - herele billet - ticketles chips - crispsla liste - list

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The sound ‘see-on’ will always be spelt ‘-tion’ or ‘-sion’:

le natation - swimmingl’émission - programmel’excursion - outing, tripla réservation - bookingla distraction - amusementla destination - destinationl’équitation - horse-ridingla direction - directionles informations - news

The sound ‘sh’ is usually spelt ‘ch’ in French:

le chat - catle chien - dogle chocolat - chocolatela chose - thingse coucher - to go to bedle mouchoir - handkerchiefriche - richle marché - market

You rarely hear a consonant in French if it is the last letter of a word. If the word you heardoes seem to end on a consonant, it often has the letter ‘e’ after it:

trop - too butle groupe - group

le poisson - fish butle téléphone - telephone

le placard - cupboard butla promenade - walk

le parent - parent butla note - mark

le bois - wood butla tasse - cup

Producing words in Speaking & Writing

When you are speaking or writing in French you sometimes find yourself ‘lost for words’.Think about what you do if this happens to you when you are speaking your own language.

You get your message across either

• non-verbally by using your face or hands, perhaps with a few words, to show whatyou mean,

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or

• verbally by talking your way round the problem.

You can do exactly the same things in French.

What can I do to get my message across non-verbally?

This method of communication can be useful when you are speaking French abroad, butyou should not rely on it in the Speaking Test, because the examiner can only mark whatyou say!

All the same, it is worth knowing what you could do. Here are some ideas.

• Pointing & showing, eg:

- Showing the size of something with your hands and saying ‘Aussi grand que ça’.

- Pointing at an object and saying ‘Qu’est-ce que c’est?’

- Pointing to where it hurts and saying ‘Ça me fait mal’.

• Expression, eg:

- Showing surprise or anger by tone of voice

- Showing anger, surprise, fear or pleasure by look on your face

• Mime, eg:

- You’ve forgotten how to say ‘Can I help you by drying the dishes?’ You couldmime the action of drying the dishes while saying ‘Puis-je t’aider?’

• Drawing, eg:

- To show how you get from one point to another, such as from your house to thestation.

How can I get my message across verbally, if I don’t know all the words?

There are ways of doing this, and it’s well worth practising them because they are useful inlots of different situations, not just the Speaking Test. All of them are better than sayingnothing. Here are some ideas.

• Using a word which refers to a similar thing. For example, if you can’t remember howto say

‘repas’ you could say ‘déjeuner’ or ‘dîner’

‘verre’ you could say ‘tasse’

‘pendule’ you could say ‘montre’

‘fauteil’ you could say ‘chaise’

‘morceau’ you could say ‘peu’

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• You could make a list of others which you might find useful.

• Describing something

You could describe the thing you’ve forgotten the word for. For example, if you can’tremember how to say

‘arrêt d’autobus’ you could say ‘où le bus s’arrête’

‘auberge dejeunesse’

you could say ‘hôtel pour les jeunes’

‘citron’ you could say ‘fruit jaune’

‘ouvre-bouteille’ you could say ‘la chose qui ouvre unebouteille’

‘lapin’ you could say ‘l’animal aux oreilles longues’

• Using simpler language

If you can’t communicate your idea exactly as you want to, try saying it more simply,eg:

If you can’t say ‘J’attends ta visite avec impatience’you could say ‘Je vais aimer ta visite’

If you can’t say ‘Je suis arrivé à 5 heures’you could say ‘J’étais ici à 5 heures’

You can also use opposites, eg:

You’ve forgotten:

‘c’est occupé’ so say ‘ce n’est pas libre’‘c’est gratuit’ so say ‘vous ne payez pas’‘c’est tout près’ so say ‘ce n’est pas loin’’‘j’ai manqué le train’ so say ‘je n’ai pas pris le train’

Is it all right if I just invent a word?

No – please don’t! It really isn’t a good idea. At best you will probably have a word whichdoesn’t exist and at worst one which means something quite different from what youintended and which leads you into a lot of awkward explanations!

Using a dictionary

REMEMBER – you can use a dictionary for classwork and for coursework, but you cannotuse it within the examination.

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A dictionary is a useful tool, but it isn’t a substitute for learning words and learning how tocommunicate. Like most tools, a dictionary is only as good as the person using it. It’s worththe effort to find out how your dictionary works and to practise using it.

Here are some hints to help you get the best out of your dictionary.

What do I need to remember when looking up a word?

You will find words much more quickly if you remember that

• a bilingual dictionary comes in two halves – French-English, followed by English-French

• the words are listed in alphabetical order, so you need to know what the alphabeticalorder is in each language

• the words at the top of the page will help you find the word you want

• your knowledge of grammar will help you to find the word you want – for example, itis no use looking up il a because verbs are listed as infinitives (avoir)

• you will find mange, mangé, mangeaient, mangez, mangent, mangera, etc. all underthe infinitive form of manger.

• you will find grande, grands and grandes under the masculine singular form, grand.

• your dictionary will guide you to the right word to look up for irregular forms, eg.

bu will refer you to boire

belle will refer you to beau

chevaux will refer you to cheval

vos will refer you to votre

What can help me to understand the dictionary entry now that I’ve foundit?

Quick ways of giving you information are used in dictionaries. You need to know what theseare, so that you can find your way through the entry easily and without wasting time.

Remember that

• feminine and plural forms are often given without writing the word out in full, eg.

- the feminine form of industriel is just given as –le to show industrielle- the feminine form of sportif is just given as –ive to show sportive- the plural form of château is just given as –x to show châteaux- if you look up ‘birthday’ you might only find ‘birth’. Within that section you will

see ‘-day’. This is how the dictionary saves space.

• abbreviations are used to show parts of of speech, eg.

porte n.f. - this tells you that it is a feminine noun, so you might need to putune or la in front of it.

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jardin n.m. - this tells you that it is a masculine noun, so you might need toput un or le in front of it.

jouer v.t. - this tells you that it is a verb and you will probably need tochange the –er ending when you use it.

petit adj. - this tells you it is an adjective, so you may need to add anending like e or s when you use it.

Make sure that you know where the list of abbreviations is in your dictionary, and what theymean. Practise looking up words and working your way through the entry for them. Youneed to be able to use your dictionary quickly and confidently if you are to get the best outof it.

How do I choose the correct word from the ones I’m given?

Sometimes you look up a word and find that several different translations are given. Thiscan be a problem – if you choose the wrong one, you won’t be saying what you intended.

For example

• You look up ‘boot’ in your dictionary. The words you find are:

botte, chaussure, coffre

You might find that all you needed was a reminder – perhaps coffre looks familiarstraight away and so you pick that.

But sometimes none of the words you have to choose from looks familiar, so what doyou do now? The only thing you can do is look each one up in the French-Englishpart of the dictionary, and see which fits the meaning you had in mind. For theexample we are using, you would find something like:

botte means ‘boot’ (for feet)

chaussure means ‘footwear’

coffre means ‘boot’ (of car)

This shows that the words actually match different meanings of ‘boot’ in English.Now that you know this, you can choose sensibly the word you need.

• The same applies when you look up a French word, but here you also have thecontext to help you, eg. the sentence reads il a volé 200 francs. You look up voler. Ithas two meanings: to fly and to steal. In the context, it can only mean ‘to steal’.

Will I do best if I look up every word?

No! A dictionary can help you, but it’s only as good as the person using it. If you don’tknow how French works and how it fits together, the dictionary can’t do it for you. Therereally is no substitute for learning vocabulary and grammar.

Looking up every word can lead you into writing gibberish. This is because people oftencommunicate their thoughts by groups of words.

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For example, if you looked up every word to translate ‘I want to leave school’ in French, youcould come out with Je veux à sortir école. These are French words, one for each Englishword, but as a group they wouldn’t mean anything to a French-speaker.

So think about how French communicates ideas, and keep well away from word-for-wordtranslation.

To sum it all up …..

If you

• know your vocabulary• know how French works – its grammar and structures and how it all fits together• learn to use communication strategies and practise them as often as possible

you will stand a very good chance of producing good work in the examination and, betterstill, being a person who understands and communicates well. In other words, you’ll getreal pleasure from being able to talk French to French-speakers and from being able tounderstand their language and way of life.

BONNE CHANCE!

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GRAMMAR

Lots of useful reminders about nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions- how to make sentences that make sense!

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CONTENTS

Section 1 A reminder: talking about yourself and someone else

Section 2 Talking about people, places and thingsNounsPlurals (more than one)Au, à la, à l’, auxDu, de la, de l’, desPronouns: I, you, he, etc.Pronouns: me, you, him, etc.Y and enThis, these …..My, your, his ….

Section 3 Describing people, places and thingsAdjectivesDetailed descriptions: adverbsMaking comparisons

Section 4 Talking about the present and what usually happensForming and using the present tenseReflexive verbsNegativesLikes & Dislikes

Section 5 Talking about the futureThe immediate futureAmbitions and intentionsPredictions

Section 6 Talking about the pastThe perfect tenseSaying what something was likeFor how long? Since when?

Section 7 Asking and answering questionsWays of asking questionsQuestion wordsPlease

Section 8 Saying where, when and how muchPositionDatesTimeQuantities

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1 A Reminder

Talking about yourself: Talking about someone else:

je suis: I am je suis anglaisje suis anglaise

il est: he is il est françaiselle est: she is elle est galloise

j’ai: I have j’ai un frère il a: he has il a deux soeurselle a: she has elle a un chien

Common exceptions:j’ai seize ans I am sixteenj’ai faim I am hungry

Common exceptions:il/elle a vingt ans he/she is twentyil/elle a faim he/she is hungry

2 Talking about People, Places and Things

Nouns

• In French, nouns (words for people, places and things) are either masculine orfeminine. As you meet new nouns, it’s best to learn whether they take le/un orla/une.

masculine feminine

un biscuit a biscuit une pomme an applele biscuit the biscuit la pomme the apple

• If le and la come before a noun beginning with a vowel (a e i o u) or ‘h’ (usually),they are shortened to l’, eg.

l’oignon, l’eau minérale, l’heure

• Sometimes, the is not used in English where le and la are used in French, eg;

Tu aimes le poulet? (Do you like chicken?)

• Sometimes, un and une are not used in French where a is used in English, eg.

Mon père est infirmier (My father is a nurse)

Plurals (more than one)

les biscuits the biscuits les pommes the apples

des biscuits some biscuits des pommes some apples

• Like English, most French nouns have plurals ending in –s. There are someexceptions, eg.

words ending in –al: un cheval (horse) - des chevauxwords ending in –ou: le genou (knee) - les genoux

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Au, à la, à l’, aux

• Some of the words for ‘the’ change when they are combined with à. The word àcan mean ‘to’ or ‘at’, and is also used in set phrases such as ‘s’intéresser à (to beinterested in).

à + le = au à + la = à la à + l’ = à l’ à + les = aux

Tu vas au cinéma? Je m’intéresse à lamusique

Il travaille à l’hôtelSofitel

On va auxmagasins demain?

Du, de la, de l’, des

• Some of the words for ‘the’ change when they are combined with de. The word decan mean ‘from’ or ‘of’ and is also used in set phrases such as près de (near), àcôté de (next to).

de + le = du de + la = de la de + l’ = de l’ de + les = des

J’habite près ducinéma

Ma maison est aucoin de la rue

Il habite à côté del’hôpital

Ça c’est la salledes professeurs

• du, de la, de l’, des can also mean ‘some’ or ‘any’, eg.

Je voudrais du pain (I’d like some bread)Tu a des frères ou des soeurs? (Do you have any brothers or sisters?)

• After pas (eg. when saying what you haven’t got), you use de, eg.

Je n’ai pas de pain (I haven’t got any bread)Il n’y a pas de cinéma au centre-ville (There is no cinema in the town centre)

Pronouns: I, you, he, etc.

je Le week-end, je joue au foot I play football at the weekend

tu Tu aimes la musique? Do you like music?

il Il s’appelle Paul He is called Paul

elle Elle a quinze ans She is fifteen

on On va au cinéma? Shall we go to the cinema?

nous Nous habitons un appartement We live in a flat

vous Vous habitez en banlieue? Do you live in the suburbs?

ils J’ai deux frères. Ils sontbêtes.

I have two brothers. They are stupid.

elles J’ai deux soeurs. Elleshabitent à Paris.

I have two sisters. They live in Paris.

• There are two words for ‘you’ in French:

You use tu- when talking to someone you know very well- when talking to another young person

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You use vous- when talking to an adult you don’t know very well- when talking to more than one person

• Il and elle can both also mean ‘it’, eg.

Il est bon, ce livre? (Is it good, this book?)J’aime ta chambre. Elle est très grande. (I like your bedroom. It’s really big.)

• On can mean ‘we’, ‘you’ or ‘they’ (= ‘people’), eg.

Chez nous, on mange dans la cuisine. (We eat in the kitchen at our house)Comment dit-on ‘chair’ en français? (How do you say ‘chair’ in French?)En France, on fait un grand repas le 24 décembre. (In France, they have a bigmeal on 24 December)

• Elles replaces feminine nouns only. Ils replaces masculine nouns, or a mixture ofmasculine and feminine, eg.

Où sont mes crayons? (Where are my pencils?) Ils ne sont pas dans ma trousse. (They are not in my pencil case)Je te présente Joseph et Suzanne. (This is Joseph and Suzanne) Ils habitent à Calais. (They live in Calais)

Pronouns: me, you, him, etc.

• You use moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, elles after particular words, eg.

chez moi at/to my house chez nous at/to our houseavec toi with you avec vous with you

sans lui without him sans eux without them

pour elle for her pour elles for them

• You use the following pronouns to show who or what the action of the verb is beingdone to:

me me nous us

te you vous you

le him/it (masculine) les them

la her/it (feminine)

• These pronouns come in front of the verb, eg.:

Mon prof de français s’appelle Mme Brown. Je la déteste. (My French teacher’sname is Mrs Brown. I hate her.)Où est mon stylo? Je l’ai perdu. (Where is my pen? I’ve lost it)Je peux vous aider? (Can I help you?)

Pronouns: to him, to her, etc.

• You use lui and leur to mean to him/to her and to them – but the word ‘to’ is oftenleft out in English, eg.

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• Je lui ai donné un cadeau. (I gave him/her a present.)Il leur écrit une lettre. (He is writing them a letter.)

Y and en

• The word ‘y’ is used to replace phrases with à + a place, or en + a country. Itmeans ‘there’ although the word ‘there’ is often missed out in English.

J’aime la Bretagne. J’y vais souvent. (I love Brittany. I often go [there])Tu vas souvent en France? (Do you often go to France?) J’y vais chaque année. (I go [there] every year)

• The word ‘en’ can be translated as ‘of them’, ‘of it’ or ‘some’, although these wordsare often missed out in English. It is used to replace nouns which are linked to anumber or quantity, eg.

Tu as des poissons? (Have you got any fish?) Moi, j’en ai cinq (I’ve got five [of them])J’adore le chocolat. (I love chocolate)

J’en mange beaucoup. (I eat a lot [of it])J’ai trop de sandwichs. (I’ve got too many sandwiches)

Tu en veux? (Do you want some?)

This, these …..

• The word you use to say ‘this….’ depends on the word which follows:

this… ce garçon (this boy) masculine singularcet après-midi (this afternoon) masculine words beginning with a

vowel, or ‘h’ (usually)’cette fille (this girl) feminine singular

these… ces enfants (these children) masculine and feminine plural

My, your, his ….

• The French words for ‘my’, ‘your’, etc. vary, depending on the word which follows:

masculine singular feminine singular masc & fem plural

my…. mon pull ma cravate mes chaussuresyour… ton livre ta trousse tes crayonshis/her/its… son nez sa tête ses oreillesour… notre appartement notre maison nos voisinsyour… votre chien votre souris vos animauxtheir… leur père leur mère leurs parents

• Son, sa and ses can each mean ‘his’, ‘her’ or ‘its’. You can tell which from thecontext, eg.

Ibrahim boit son lait. (Ibrahim is drinking his milk)Cécile boit son lait. (Cécile is drinking her milk)

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Le chat boit son lait. (The cat is drinking its milk)

• Before feminine words which begin with a vowel or ‘h’ (usually), you use mon, tonand son, instead of ma, ta and sa, eg.

Voici mon amie, Sylvie. (Here’s my friend, Sylvie)Elle est grande, ton école? (Is your school big?)Il a fini son omelette. (He has finished his omelette)

3 Describing People, Places and Things

Adjectives

• The adjectives you use to describe people, places and things have differentendings, depending on what you are describing. The masculine form is what youfind in the dictionary. You add the following endings to it.

masculine singular feminine singularadd –e

masculine pluraladd –s

feminine pluraladd -es

un pull bleu une robe bleue des pulls bleus des robes bleues

• If a masculine adjective already ends in –e, you don’t add another one for thefeminine, eg. jeune (young): un jeune homme – une jeune femme.

• If a masculine adjective already ends in –s, you don’t add another one for theplural, eg. gros (fat): un gros chien – deux gros chiens.

• Here are some common exceptions to the normal pattern shown above:

feminine: double letter il est canadienBon voyage!un gros chien

elle est canadienneBonnes vacances!une grosse souris

Canadiangoodfat

masculine –eux ����

feminine - euse

il est heureux elle est heureuse happy

masculine –eau ����

feminine -elle

il est nouveau

l’appartement est beau

elle est nouvelle

la maison est belle

new

beautiful, good-looking

masc singular –eau ����

plural -eauxil est nouveau ils sont nouveaux new

• Most adjectives come after the word they describe, eg.

il a les cheveux blonds (he has blond hair)c’est un problème difficile (it’s a difficult problem)

• A few adjectives come before the words they describe, eg.

gros (large, fat), grand (big), petit (small), bon (good), mauvais (bad), joli (pretty),beau (lovely, handsome), jeune (young), vieux (old), long (long), court (short).

• Beau and vieux change to bel and vieil, if the word which follows begins with a vowel or, ‘h’ (usually):

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un bel appartement (a lovely flat)un vieil homme (an old man)

• You can also use whole phrases to describe people and things, using the followingpronouns:

qui – who/which, eg.

le garçon qui habite à côté ( the boy who lives next door)l’émission qui m’intéresse (the programme which interests me)

(qui is always the subject of the verb which follows it.)

que – that/which/who eg.

la fille que j’ai vue (the girl (that) I saw)le livre que je t’ai donné (the book (which) I gave you)

(que is always the object of the verb which follows it.)

Detailed descriptions: adverbs

• You can use adverbs along with adjectives to make your descriptions more exact.Here are some common ones:

très: very il est très intelligent (he’s very clever)il n’est pas très intelligent (he isn’t very clever)

assez: quite je suis assez timide (I’m quite shy)trop: too ce pull est trop petit (this jumper is too small)

• Most adverbs end in –ment in French and –ly in English, eg.

c’est extrêmement difficile (it’s extremely difficult)il est vraiment sympa (he’s really nice)je vais probablement faire de la natation (I’m probably going swimming)il parle lentement (he speaks slowly)

• To form adverbs, you add –ment to the feminine singular form of the adjective, eg.

heureux (happy) � heureuse � heureusement (fortunately, happily)complet (complete) � complète � complètement (completely)

• Some common exceptions are:

bien (well), mal (badly), vite (quickly)

Making comparisons

• You can make comparisons easily, by using the words plus, moins and aussi, eg.

plus….que mon frère est plus âgé que moi (my brother is older than I am)

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moins….que les maths sont moins intéressantes que la physique (maths isless interesting than physics)le Ben Nevis est moins haut que le Mont Blanc (Ben Nevis isnot as high as Mont Blanc)

aussi….que la physique est aussi facile que les maths (physics is as easyas maths)

• Here are a few exceptions:

bon (good) – meilleur (betterce film est meilleur (this film is better)

mauvais (bad) – pire (worse)le temps est pire que vendredi (the weather is worse than on Friday)

bien (well) – mieux (better)tu joues mieux que moi (you play better than me)

mal (badly) – pire (worse)tu joues pire que moi (you play worse than I do)

• To say ‘the most…’ or ‘the least…’, you just add the appropriate word for ‘the’: le,la or les, eg.

le film le plus long (the longest film)la rue la plus belle de Paris (the most beautiful street in Paris)les matières les moins intéressantes (the least interesting subjects)le meilleur film (the best film)

4 Talking About the Present and What Usually Happens

• When you look up a verb in the dictionary, you will find what is called the infinitiveform of the verb, eg. to like = aimer.

[a/w – extract from pocket dictionary Eng � French, to show headword like, withaimer highlighted]

To use a verb you have looked up, you will usually have to change the ending, eg.

I like = j’aime

• In the present tense, most verbs follow one of three regular patterns of endings,depending on whether the infinitive ends in –er, -ir or –re:

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Regular present tense endings:

verbs which end in –er

eg. jouer = to play

verbs which end in –ir

eg. finir = to finish

verbs which end in -re

eg. vendre = to sell

je joue je finis je vends

tu joues tu finis tu vends

il joue il finit il vendelle joue elle finit elle vendon joue on finit on vendnous jouons nous finissons nous vendons

vous jouez vous finissez vous vendez

ils jouent ils finissent ils vendent

elles jouent elles finissent elles vendent

• You use verbs in the present tense to talk about the current situation, eg.

ils jouent aux cartes dans le salon (they are playing cards in the sitting room)je finis mes devoirs (I’m finishing my homework)il vend son vélo (he’s selling his bike)

• You also use verbs in the present tense to say what usually happens, eg.

après l’école, on joue au foot (after school, we play football)le mardi, je finis mes devoirs avant neuf heures (on Tuesdays, I finish myhomework before nine o’clock)nous vendons des biscuits pendant la récréation (we sell biscuits during break)

• Many verbs don’t follow the regular pattern above. You just have to learn them.Here are four very common and useful ones:

aller = to go avoir = to have être = to be faire = to make

je vais j’ai je suis je faistu vas tu as tu es tu faisil va il a il est il faitelle va elle a elle est elle faiton va on a on est on faitnous allons nous avons nous sommes nous faisonsvous allez vous avez vous êtes vous faitesils vont ils ont ils sont ils fontelles vont elles ont elles sont elles font

Reflexive Verbs

• Some verbs have an extra part to them. These are known as reflexive verbs, andoften refer to actions you do to yourself. The endings follow the normal pattern.

se laver = to get washed, to wash oneself

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je m’excuse d’être en retard (I apologise for being late)tu te lèves à quelle heure? (what time do you get up?)il s’arrête à la gare, ce bus? (does this bus stop at the station?)elle se brosse les dents (she’s brushing her teeth)on s’amuse bien (we have a good time)nous nous lavons avant le petit déjeuner (we get washed before breakfast)vous vous couchez tard? (do you go to bed late?)ils s’intéressent au cyclisme (they’re interested in cycling)elles s’appellent Nadia et Magali (they’re called Nadia and Magali)

• Me, te and se are shortened to m’, t’ and s’ if the verb begins with a vowel or ‘h’(usually) eg. Tu t’appelles comment?

• To look up a reflexive verb in the dictionary, look under the letter that the main partof the verb starts with. For example, to look up se lever, look under ‘L’.

Present Participle

• This form of the verb always ends in -ant. It is used when one action is takingplace at the same time as another. It often has en in front of it, eg.

Elle a mangé des chocolats en regardant la télé. (She ate chocolates while shewatched TV).

Negatives

• To make a statement negative, you put ne and pas round the verb, eg.

elle ne joue pas au basket (she isn’t playing/doesn’t play basketball)je n’aime pas les films d’épouvante (I don’t like horror films)

• To make a reflexive verb negative, you put ne and pas round the verb plus theextra part, eg.

je ne me lève pas avant huit heures (I don’t get up before eight o’clock)il ne s’intéresse pas au sport (he isn’t interested in sport)

• To make a verb in the perfect tense negative, you put ne and pas round the part ofavoir or être, eg.

je n’ai pas lu ce livre (I haven’t read this book)il n’est pas encore rentré (he hasn’t come back yet)je ne me suis pas brossé les dents (I haven’t brushed my teeth)

• Other useful negative phrases include:

ne…rienje ne mange rien le matin (I eat nothing/I don’t eat anything in the morning)

ne…plusIl ne va plus à l’étranger (he doesn’t go abroad any more)

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ne…jamaisje ne vais jamais au théâtre (I never go to the theatre)

ne…personneje ne connais personne ici (I don’t know anyone/I know no-one here)

ne…ni…nije n’ai visité ni la France, ni la Belgique (I’ve visited neither France, nor Belgium/Ihaven’t visited either France or Belgium)

Likes and dislikes

• The following verbs are useful for talking about what you like and dislike doing.The verb which comes after them is always in the infinitive form.

aimer tu aimes regarder le sport à la télé? (Do you like watching sport onTV?)Je n’aime pas écouter la radio (I don’t like listening to the radio)

préférer Moi, je préfère aller aux matchs. (I prefer going to matches)adorer Ma soeur adore jouer au tennis. (My sister loves playing tennis)détester Je déteste faire la vaisselle. (I hate doing the washing up)

The Infinitive

If you need to use two verbs together in a sentence, the second will be in the infinitiveform.

• The following verbs are followed immediately by the infinitive:

adorer = to love to il faut = it is necessary to

aimer = to like to pouvoir = to be able to

désirer = to want to préférer = to prefer to

détester = to hate to savoir = to know how to

espérer = to hope to vouloir = to want to

eg. Elle adore regarder la télé. (She loves to watch TV).

• After the following verbs, the infinitive has à in front of it:

aider = to help (someone) to se décider = to make one’s mind up to

apprendre = to learn to hésiter = to hesitate to

commencer = to begin to inviter = to invite (someone) to

continuer = to continue to réussir = to succeed in

eg. Il aide son père à laver la voiture. (He helps his father to wash the car).

• After the following verbs, the infinitive has de in front of it:

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avoir besoin = to need to essayer = to try to

avoir peur = to be afraid of finir = to finish

avoir le temps = to have time to oublier = to forget to

décider = to decide to promettre = to promise to

empêcher = to prevent from regretter = to be sorry to

eg. J’ai besoin d’aller à la banque. (I need to go to the bank).

5 Talking about the Future

The immediate future

• As in English, you can actually use the present tense to talk about the immediatefuture, eg.

Qu’est-ce que tu fais demain soir? (What are you doing tomorrow evening?)Je sors avec mes copains (I’m going out with my friends)On va au cinéma (We’re going to the pictures)

• You can also use the verb aller to talk about what you are going to do in theimmediate future.

Use the correct form of aller (je vais, tu vas, etc), with the infinitive form of theother verb, eg.

Qu’est-ce que tu vas faire demain soir? (What are you going to do tomorrowevening?)Je vais sortir avec mes copains (I’m going to go out with my friends)On va aller au cinéma (We’re going to go to the pictures)

• To say what someone is not going to do, just add ne and pas round the part ofaller, eg.

Je ne vais pas sortir ce soir (I’m not going to go out tonight)

The future tense

• To talk about what will happen, you can use the future tense.

Add these endings to the infinitive form of the verb (for –re verbs, leave off thefinal e)

je mangerai I will eat

tu finiras you will finish

il/elle attendra he/she will wait

nous parlerons we will speak

vous choisirez you will choose

ils/elles prendront they will take

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Some verbs – être, avoir, faire are the most common – don’t quite follow thesame pattern, though the endings are always the same, eg.

Demain, il fera beau (Tomorrow it will be fine)Je serai en retard (I will be late)Dans dix ans, j’aurai une voiture de sport (In ten year’s time I’ll have a sports car)

The conditional tense

• To talk about what would happen (if something else happened), you can use theconditional tense, which is formed in exactly the same way as the future tense, butusing the following endings:

je mangerais I would eat

tu finirais you would finish

il/elle attendrait he/she would wait

nous parlerions we would speak

vous choisiriez you would choose

ils/elles prendraient they would take

eg. Si j’avais beaucoup d’argent, j’achèterais une grande maison. (If I had a lot ofmoney, I would buy a big house)

Ambitions and intentions

• You can use the following words to talk about your hopes, plans and ambitions:

je veux quitter l’école après les examens (I want to leave school after the exams)plus tard, je voudrais voyager (later on, I’d like to travel)j’espère visiter la France (I hope to visit France)j’aimerais travailler dans une banque (I’d like to work in a bank)

As with aimer, they are followed by the infinitive.

6 Talking About The Past

The Perfect Tense

• You use the perfect tense to talk about what someone did or has done, eg.

il a vu un bon film à la télé hier (he saw a good film on TV yesterday).j’ai oublié mon cahier (I have forgotten my exercise book).

• To form the perfect tense, you usually use avoir and the past participle of the mainverb. The past participle is formed as follows:

verbs with infinitives ending in –er: remove the –er and add –éeg. regarder ���� regardé j’ai regardé la télévision

verbs with infinitives ending in –ir: remove the –reg. finir ���� fini tu as fini tes devoirs?

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verbs with infinitives ending in –re: remove the –re and add –ueg. perdre ���� perdu elle a perdu son parapluie

• J’ai regardé can mean ‘I watched’ or ‘I have watched’ in English, but you can’tmiss out the part of avoir in French.

• Some verbs don’t follow the above pattern. You just have to learn the pastparticiple. You dictionary may have a list of these to help you. Here are somecommon ones:

(dire: to say) j’ai dit (faire: to make, do) j’ai fait

(écrire: to write) j’ai écrit (boire: to drink) j’ai bu

(prendre: to take) j’ai pris (lire: to read) j’ai lu

(mettre: to put) j’ai mis (voir : to see) j’ai vu

• The following verbs take être, rather than avoir in the perfect tense:

(arriver : to arrive) il est arrivé (monter : to go up) Il est monté

(partir : to leave) il est parti (descendre: to godown)

il est descendu

(venir : to come) il est venu (nâitre : to be born) il est né

(aller : to go) il est allé (mourir : to die) il est mort

(entrer : to go in) il est entré (passer: to pass by) il est passé

(sortir : to go out) il est sorti (tomber : to fall) il est tombé

(rester : to stay) il est resté

• With verbs which take être you add letters to the past participle as follows:

feminine singular elle est alléemasculine or mixed plural ils sont allésfeminine plural elles sont allées

• To make a negative statement, put ne and pas round the part of avoir or être, eg.

nous n’avons pas vu le matchje ne suis pas allé en ville ce matin

• Reflexive verbs take être in the perfect tense, eg.

je me suis levé à sept heures ce matin

Saying what something was like

• When talking about the past, you can use the phrase c’était for describing a place,activity or event, and for giving your opinion, eg.

Je suis allé en France. C’était super, et pas trés cher (I went to France. It wasgreat, and not too expensive)C’était bien/intéressant/ennuyeux. (It was good/interesting/boring)

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• Another useful phrase is il y avait:

Il y avait une piscine à l’hôtel. (There was a swimming pool at the hotel)Il y avait beaucoup de choses à faire. (There were lots of things to do)

present: past:

it is c’est it was c’était

there is/are il y a there was/were il y avait

For how long? Since when?

• To say how long or since when you have been doing something, you actually usethe present tense in French, eg.

je joue du piano depuis cinq ans (I have been playing the piano for 5 years)on habite ici depuis juin (we have been living here since June)il a mal à la tête depuis ce matin (he has had a headache since this morning)

• As you can see from the examples, depuis can mean for or since.

The Pluperfect Tense

• The pluperfect tense moves the action a step further back than the perfect tense. Itis formed in just the same way, but you use the imperfect of avoir or être with thepast participle, eg.

Il m’a invité au cinéma, mais j’avais déjà vu le film. (He invited me to the cinema,but I had already seen the film.)Je suis arrivé à neuf heures, mais il était parti. (I arrived at nine o’clock but hehad left.)

The Perfect Infinitive

• To talk about someone doing two actions in the past, one after the other, you canuse the perfect infintive. To do this, you use après avoir (or être) followed by thepast participle, eg.

Après avoir fini mes devoirs, j’ai écouté mes CD. (When I had finished myhomework, I listened to my CDs.)Après être rentrée à la maison, je suis allée directement au lit. (When I gothome I went straight to bed.)

NB this only works if the same person is the subject of both verbs.

7 Asking Questions

Ways of asking questions

• There are different ways to ask a question in French. One easy way is to turn astatement into a question just by changing the tone of your voice, eg.

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Vous aimez la musique? (Do you like music?)Patrick a téléphoné? (Has Patrick ‘phoned?)

If necessary, use a question word, eg.

Tu habites où (Where do you live?)

People often ask questions in this way in informal speech.

• You can also use the words est-ce que, eg.

Est-ce que vous aimez la musique? (Do you like music?)Est-ce qu’il a téléphoné? (Has he ‘phoned?)Où est-ce que tu habites? (Where do you live?)

• A more formal way of asking a question is to change the order of the words so thatthe verb comes first, eg.

Aimez-vous la musique? (Do you like music?)Avez-vous un plan de la ville? (Do you have a map of the town?)

Question words

• To help you ask and answer questions, you will find it useful to learn somecommon question words, eg.

qui who Tu es allé au cinéma avec qui?

qu’est-ce que what Qu’est-ce que tu fais ce week-end?

où where Où vas-tu?

pourquoi why Pourquoi préfères-tu les maths?

quand when Quand est-ce que vous partez?

combien how much C’est combien, ce parfum?how many Il a combien de chiens?

comment how Comment vas-tu au collège?what tu t’appelles comment?what like Elle est comment, ta mère?

Please?

• Remember that there are two ways of saying ‘please’. See Section 2, if you arenot sure when to use tu and vous.

s’il vous plaît if you call someone ‘vous’s’il te plaît if you call someone ‘tu’

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8 Saying Where, When and How Much

Position

• You can use the following words to say where something is. You will see that thelast two are followed by de. For a reminder of how to combine de with le, la andles, see Section 2.

dans in j’ai un ordinateur dans ma chambre

sur on tes clés sont sur la table

sous under le chat dort sous mon lit

entre between la boulangerie est entre la poste et la banque

devant in front of rendez-vous devant le cinéma

derrière behind les toilettes se trouvent derrière la salle d’attente

près de near j’habite près de Londres

à côté de next to elle habite à côté d’un jardin publique

Dates

• Unlike in English, you just use the number as it is for most dates, (eg. nine, thirty-one). Note also that you do not use a word for ‘of’, eg.

le neuf février le trente et un mai

• For the first of the month, however, you use the word premier (first), eg.

le premier août

• The names of days of the week and months do not begin with a capital letter inFrench.

• To say ‘on Mondays’, etc. you use the word le, eg.

le lundi, je me lève à sept heures. (On Mondays, I get up at 7 o’clock)le mardi, je vais au club de gym. (On Tuesdays, I go to gym club)

• Unlike in English, to say ‘on Monday’, etc. you don’t use any extra words, eg.

Lundi, je vais faire de la natation. (On Monday, I’m going to go swimming.)

• The phrase le week-end stays the same, eg.

Le week-end, je me lève tard. (At weekends, I get up late.)Le week-end, je vais aller au cinéma. (At the weekend, I’m going to go to thecinema.)

Time

• As in English, there are different ways of saying what time it is, eg.

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3.15 il est trois heures et quartil est trois heures quinze

5.30 il est cinq heures et demieil est cinq heures trente

7.45 il est huit heures moins le quartil est huit heures moins quinzeil est sept heures quarante-cinq

12.00 il est douze heuresil est midi/minuit

• The time can be given in the twelve or twenty-four hour clock. In French thetwenty-four hour clock is used more than in English.

twelve hour clock twenty-four hour clock

0200 il est deux heures (du matin) il est deux heures

1400 il est deux heures (de l’après-midi) il est quatorze heures

2100 il est neuf heures (du soir) il est vingt et une heures

• You can use the words à (at) and vers (about) to say at what time somethinghappens, eg.

le film commence à vingt heures trente (The film starts at eight thirty)je vais arriver vers dix heures et demie (I’ll arrive at about half past ten)

Quantities

• Here are some useful expressions of quantity. Note that they are all followed byde:

assez de enough je n’ai pas assez d’argent

trop de too much tu as mangé trop de chocolat

beaucoup de a lot il a beaucoup d’amis

un peu de a little on va faire un peu d’histoire

peu de little, few en hiver, il y a peu de gens sur la plage