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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ON ADVERSE EFFECTS OF COOL
DRINKS AMONG ADOLESCENT STUDYING IN SELECTED COLLEGES
SALEM
1.DR.MRS.K.MAHESWARI PhD(N), VICE PRINCIPAL,
VINAYAKA MISSIONS ANNAPOORANA COLLEGE OF NURSING,
SALEM, TAMIL NADU.
2. S.MALAIRANI M.Sc(N)., PhD(N) SCHOLAR,
VINAYAKA MISSION RESEARCH FOUNDATION (DEEMED TO BE A
UNIVERSITY),
SALEM, TAMIL NADU.
ABSTRACT
Method of the study was a descriptive cross sectional survey approach was undertaken to assess the
knowledge on adverse effects of cool drinks among adolescent studying in selected college of Nursing,
Salem”. 100 students were selected by systematic random sampling technique and data were collected by
using closed ended knowledge questionnaire.
The study result was demographic characteristic of girls reveals that highest percentage (75%) of the
girls belonged to the age group of below 18-19 years and Hindu (82%) whereas (65%) of the girls were
residing in rural area and (67%) of them were from nuclear family. However (30%) adolescents had previous
knowledge from parents.
Overall mean was 9.3±8476.88 which was 60 % of the maximum score shows that students has average
knowledge regarding adverse effects of cool drinks. From the findings of present study concluded that
adolescents among 18 to 20 years were middle socio economic group. Majority of the (67%) of the
adolescents were from nuclear family. Highest percentage of adolescents according to religion shows that
majority of the adolescents was Hindu(82%). Around (30%) of them got information from parents.
Adolescents among 18 to 20 years age had average knowledge on adverse effect of cool drinks. The lowest
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology
Volume XII, Issue IV, 2020
ISSN No : 1006-7930
Page No: 5254
mean score 1.86±339.07 which is 47% of the maximum score reveals poor knowledge on psychological
effects of cool drinks.(Table No.4.3.1)
INTRODUCTION
A cool drinks is a drink that topically contains carbonated water, a sweetener and a natural or
artificial flavoring the sweetener may be sugar high- fructose corn syrup, fruit juice, sugar substitutes
[in case of diet drinks] or some combination of these cool drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings
preservatives and other ingredients.(Jed portman-2013).
Cool drinks is known to be the main cause of asthma, dissolves tooth enamel, heart disease,
sugar overloading, kidney damage, reproductive issues, osteoporosis, obesity, aging could speedup,
sleep disorders.(Lawrence-2012).
Coca-cola, Fanta, sprite, Pepsi and Thumsup are examples of a class of a class of drinks
called sodas/ cool drinks .People drink sodas for different reasons including it’s Cheap, Sweet taste,
convenient packaging availability and others to quench to thirst. (Nu.sallan Stanley kwesi-2016).
According to the American heart association the maximum amount of added sugars you
should eat in a day are no more than 100 calories per day for women (or 6 teaspoons) and no more
than 150 calories per day for men (or a teaspoons). (Dr.s.venkatesan MD)
Need for the study
Amazingly according to these statistics Americans consume close to 50 million litres of
cooldrinks per year, which equates to about 216 litres [or] about 57 gallons per person in 2014 parle,
bisleri Limited bottled water with a 39% value share,pepsico17% and the coca-cola company 14%
coca-cola and pepsi are being banned across several indian states after an enviornmental pressure
said it had found pesticides in drinks produced by the indian arms of the companies so for three large
indian states- Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan have stopped selling colas in government
offices and educational institutes .(Dr. mercola’s-2010)
A study of 59,334 pregnant women found a link between the intake of artificially sweetened
cooldrinks and an increased risk of preterm delivery. (Harvard school of public health-2012)
In an experiment a broken tooth was placed in a bottle of a cooldrinks and the bottle was
corked. The tooth was scheduled to be removed for further analysis after 10 days however it was not
dissolved in the drink.(6th All india hindu adhivesan-2012)
Traders in tamilnadu have decided the they will not sell cool drinks manufactured by
multinational companies(MNCs) form 1 march 2017 and promote only indian brands. The massive
jallikattu protests which recently rocked the state. Pepsi and cola are taking water from
thamirabharani river in thirunelveli because of which formers have no water for irrigation. In
Coimbatore young people smashed bottles of cool drinks. (Shoshanna delventhal-2017)
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology
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In tamilnadu , coconut vendor(elaneer)selling from his bicycle, neer more (as the word
says,is lighter than regular butter milk and has more water), penagam it’s an ancient recipe earmarked
for festive occasions,saathukudi juice, jil-jil-jigarthanda is a drink made of boiled and cooled
milk.(sudha G tilak-2014).
Statement of problem
A study to assess the knowledge on adverse effects of cool drinks among adolescent
studying in selected college of nursing, salem, Tamilnadu.
Objectives
To assess the knowledge regarding adverse effects of cool drinks.
Operational definitions
Assess
Statistical measurement of the score obtained through questionnaire related to knowledge
regarding cool drinks use.
Knowledge
It is the response college students for the research question.
Cool drinks
A nonalcoholic, flavored, carbonated beverage, usually commercially prepared and sold in
bottles (or) cans.
Assumptions
It is assumed that,
● The college student may have knowledge regarding the adverse effects of cool drinks.
● Knowledge of college students regarding adverse effects of cool drinks may vary from
one individual to another.
METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the methodology adopted for this study this includes research
approach, research design, settings sampling technique, development and description of tool
procedure for data collection, validity, reliability and plan for data analysis.
Research design and approach
A non experimented descriptive design with cross sectional survey approach selected to
conduct this study.
Settings of the study
Setting is the physical location and the condition data collection takes place in a study.
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The study was conducted in selected College of Nursing, Salem, formal permission was
obtained.
Population
The population of the study was students in the age group of 18-20 years who are using
cooldrinks studying in selected College of Nursing,
Sample and Sampling technique
The sample for the present study was adolescent students in the age Group of 18-20
years studying in selected College of Nursing, Salem.
Sampling technique adopted for the study was systematic random Sampling technique
Sample size
100 Students in the age group of 18-20 years who were cool drinks usage as sample.
Criteria for selecting sample
The adolescent who were:
● Studying in selected college.
● Between the age group of 18-20 years.
● Able to understand English.
● Students who were willing to participate in the study.
● Students who were available during the data collection period.
Development of the tool
The questionnaire was prepared by reviewing books and journals, related to topic and
by the consultation of the expert during the preparation of tool.
Description ot the tool
Tool consist of two section.
Section- A
It consists of demographic characteristics of adolescents such as age, sex, previous
source of information, religion ,family income, type of family.
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology
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Section-B
It consists of structured interview schedule related to knowledge
of adolescent regarding adverse effect of cool drinks.
SCORING PROCEDURE
Each item has 4 options with one most correct answer for each item the correct
response carries one score and wrong response carries zero score.
Table no.3.1.1: Scoring level of knowledge
LEVEL OF
KNOWLEDGE
ACTUAL SCORE PERCENTAGE
poor
1 – 6
>55%
Average
7 – 9
55 – 70%
Good
10 – 14
70 – 85%
Very good
15 – 18
85 – 100%
Total
18
100%
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Permission was obtained from the principal selected College of Nursing, Salem and
permission was obtained from class Co-ordinator.
After explaining the purpose of data collection procedure, period of interview,self
introduction and purpose of interview were clearly explained to each students to obtain maximum
co-operation and consent from them.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
Validity
Validity of tool was established on consultation with the subject experts related field.
The tool was made in English for it appropriateness.
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Reliability
Reliability of the tool was tested by implementing the tool on ten people from Vinayaka
Mission’s Annapoorana College Of Nursing,Salem. Split half method was used to find out the
reliability and we found that tool was reliable.
Ethical considerations
Prior to data collection,
Written permission was obtained from the co-ordinators of the concent class in
selected College of Nursing,, Salem. Informed consent was obtained from the student from
selected College of Nursing,, Salem.
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
Data was collected around 100 sample.
● Student was made to feel comfortable and relaxed.
● Purpose of the study was explained to the students.
● An introduction was given selected to the topic
● Good rapport was maintained.
● Items regarding the demographic data were collected.
● Adult knowledge regarding cool drinks usage was identified by the
using closed ended question techniques.
● The findings were recorded which helps to further analysis.
Planned data analysis
Data was collected from 100 members whom were coded, tabulated and analyzed by
using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, median , mean percentage and standard
deviation.The data planned to be presented in the form of tables and figures.
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of information collected from 100 student
among 18-20 years in selected College of Nursing, Salem. “To assess the knowledge on adverse
effect of cooldrinks among adolescents”.
The findings presented under the following section
Section-I : Description of the adolescents according to their demographic variables.
Section-II : Level of knowledge of adolescents regarding adverse effects of cool drinks.
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Section-III : Overall area wise description of mean, standard deviation and mean percentage of
knowledge scores of adolescents regarding adverse effects of cool drinks.
Section - I : Description of the adolescents according to their demographic
Characteristics.
Figure 4.1.1 : Bar diagram showing percentage wise distribution of adolescents according
to their age
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to their age group shows the highest
percentage 70% as them were between the age group of 18-19 years where as 30% of them were in
the age group of 19-20 years.(fig. no. 4.1.1)
Figure 4.1.2: Pie diagram showing percentage wise distribution of adolescents
According to their sex.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
18-19 19-20
70%
30%
age in years
75%
25%
FEMALE
MALE
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology
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Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to sex shows that most 75% of the
adolescents were female and 25% were men. Hence it seems that highest percentage of the
adolescents is female for the present study. (fig . no. 4.1.2).
Figure 4.1.3 : Bar diagram showing percentage wise distribution of adolescents
According to previous source of information.
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to previous source 30% of the
adolescents got information from parents where as 28% and 22% of adolescents got information
from teacher and health professionals. 20% of the adolescents got information from book and
articles. It seems that most of the adolescents got information from parents.(fig. no. 4.1.3)
Figure 4.1.4 : Bar diagram showing percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to
religion.
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to religion shows that highest
percentage 82% of the adolescents were Hindu where as 15% and 3% of adolescents were Christian
and Muslim. It seems that most of the adolescents were Hindu. (fig.no.4.1.4).
30%
28%
22%
20%
from parents
from teacher
from health
from book
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
HINDU CHRISTIAN MUSLIM
82%
15%
3%
RELIGION
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Page No: 5261
Figure 4.1.5 : Bar diagram showing percentage wise distribution adolescents
according to the monthly income.
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to family income Rs.10000
respectively, 24% of them had income Rs. 3,500-6500 were as 16% of them were in the income
group of Rs. 2500-3500/-. It seems that most of adolescents under the present study were from
middle socio economic group(fig. no. 4.1.5).
Fig no:4.1.6 : Pie diagram showing percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to
their type of family
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to their type of family shows that most
67% of the adolescents were from nuclear family and 33% were from joint family related to the
present trend of family pattern.(fig.no. 4.1.6)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
RS 2500-3500 RS 3500-6500 RS 6500-9500 RS 10,000 above
16%
24%
31%29%
67%
33%
nuclear
joint
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology
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Fig no. 4.1.7 : Pie diagram showing percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to
their place of residence.
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to their place of residence shows that
most 65% of the adolescents were from rural and 35% were from urban. It seems that most of the
adolescents were rural.(fig.no.4.1.7)
Section-II : Level of knowledge of a adolescents regarding adverse effects
Of cool drinks.
Objective : To assess the knowledge level of adolescent regarding adverse
Effects of cool drinks
Table No 4.2.1 : Percentage of level of knowledge of adolescents on adverse
effect of cooldrink
(n=100)
Grade Score Number of
adolescents
Percentage
Poor 1-6 15 15%
Average 7-9 50 58%
Good 10-14 25 17%
Very good 14-18 10 10%
Total 18 100 100%
Percentage wise distribution of knowledge score of adolescents regarding adverse effects of
cooldrinks shows that 58% of the adolescents scored between 7-9 which shows average knowledge
17% of them scored between 10-14 which shows good knowledge poor knowledge and only 10% of
adolescents scored between 14-18 which shows very good knowledge hence it is interpreted that
majority of the adolescents have average knowledge about adverse effect of cool drinks.(Table
No.4.2.1) .
35%
65%
urban
Rural
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Section – III
Table No.4.3.1 : Overall area wise description of mean, standard deviation and mean
percentage of knowledge scores of adolescents regarding adverse effect of cool drinks.
(n=100)
S.No Area Maximum
score
Mean Standard
deviation
Mean
percentage
1. Introduction of cool drinks 5 2.57 647.34 51%
2. Health effects of cool drinks
a) Physical effects
6
2.86
801.68
48%
b) Psychological effects 4 1.86 339.07 47%
c) social effects 1 0.8 62.72 80%
3. Prevention 2 1.32 170.77 66%
Over all 18 9.3 8476.88 60%
Overall area wise knowledge score of adolescents on adverse effect of cool drinks shows that
overall mean score 9.3±8476.88 which is 60% of the maximum score shows average knowledge on
adverse effect of cool drinks further area wise distribution of mean, standard deviation and mean
percentage of the knowledge shows that the highest mean score of which is 80% of the maximum
score for the area of social effects of cool drinks reveals that very good 34 knowledge. However the
mean score of 1.32 ± 17077 which is 66% of maximum score of prevention of cool drinks. For the
area of introduction of cool drinks mean score2.57±647.34 which is 51% of maximum score and for
the area of physical effects of cool drinks 2.86±801.68 which is 48% of maximum score reveals
average knowledge. The lowest mean score 1.86±339.07 which is 47% of the maximum score
reveals poor knowledge on psychological effects of cool drinks.(Table No.4.3.1)
DISCUSSION, SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A descriptive cross sectional survey to access the knowledge of adolescents
among 18 to 20 years of age on adverse effects of cool drinks. Data were collected from 100 student
among 18 to 20 years of age by systematic random sampling technique by using descriptive and
inferential statistics and presented in the form of tables and figures as per the objectives in the
chapter 4.
DISCUSSION
This chapter deals with the discussion of findings based on objective of the
study. The findings are discussed under the following sub headings.
Section- I : Description of the adolescent according to their demographic variables.
Section- II : Level of knowledge of adolescents regarding adverse effects of cool drinks.
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology
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ISSN No : 1006-7930
Page No: 5264
Section- III : Overall area wise description of mean, standard deviation and mean percentage of
knowledge score of adolescents regarding adverse effects of cool drinks.
Section- I : Demographic characters of the adolescents among 18 to 20 years of age
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to their age groups shows the
highest percentage 70% as them were between the age group of 18- 19 years where as 30% of them
were in the age group of 19-20 years.(fig. no.4.1.1)
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to sex shows that most 75% of
the adolescents were female and 25% were men. Hence it seems that highest percentage of the
adolescents are female for the present study.(fig. no. 4.1.2)
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to previous source 30% of the
adolescents got information from parents where as 28% and 22% of adolescents got information from
teacher and health professionals. 20% of the adolescents got information from book and articles. It
seems that most of the adolescents got information from parents.(fig. no. 4.1.3)
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to religion shows that highest
percentage 82% of the adolescents were Hindu where as 15% and 3% of adolescents were Christian
and Muslim. It seems that most of the adolescents were Hindu.(fig.no.4.1.4)
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to family income Rs.10000
respectively, 24% of them had income Rs. 3,500-6500 were as 16% of them were in the income
group of Rs. 2500-3500/-. It seems that most of adolescents under the present study were from
middle socio economic group(fig. no. 4.1.5)
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to their type of family shows that
most 67% of the adolescents were from nuclear family and 33% werefrom joint family related to the
present trend of family pattern.(fig.no. 4.1.6.)
Percentage wise distribution of adolescents according to their place of residence shows
that most 65% of the adolescents were from rural and 35% were from urban. It seems that most of the
adolescents were rural.(fig.no.4.1.7)
Section- II : Asssessment of knowledge of adolescents on adverse effects of ool drinks among
18 to 20 years of age.
Objective : To assess the knowledge level of adolescent regarding adverse Effects of cool
drinks
Percentage wise distribution of knowledge score of adolescents regarding adverse effects of
cooldrinks shows that 58% of the adolescents scored between 7-9 which shows average knowledge
17% of them scored between 10-14 which shows good knowledge poor knowledge and only 10% of
adolescents scored between 14-18 which shows very good knowledge hence it is interpreted that
majority of the adolescents have average knowledge about adverse effect of cool drinks.(Table
No.4.2.1)
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology
Volume XII, Issue IV, 2020
ISSN No : 1006-7930
Page No: 5265
Section – III : Overall area wise description of mean, standard deviation, and
mean percentage of knowledge scores of adolescents regarding adverse effect of cool drinks.
Overall area wise knowledge score of adolescents on adverse effect of cool drinks shows that
overall mean score 9.3± 8476.88 which is 60% of the maximum score shows average knowledge on
adverse effect of cool drinks further area wise distribution of mean, standard deviation and mean
percentage of the knowledge shows that the highest mean score of which is 80% of the maximum
score for the area of social effects of cool drinks reveals that very good knowledge. However the
mean score of 1.32 ±17077 which is 66% of maximum score of prevention of cool drinks. For the
area of introduction of cool drinks mean score 2.57±647.34 which is 51% of maximum score and for
the area of physical effects of cool drinks 2.86±801.68 which is 48% of maximum score reveals
average knowledge. The lowest mean score 1.86±339.07 which is 47% of the maximum score
reveals poor knowledge on psychological effects of cool drinks.(Table No.4.3.1)
SUMMARY
A descriptive design with cross sectional survey approach was done to assess the knowledge
of adolescents on adverse effects of cool drinks on adolescents among 18-20 years of age in selected
College Of Nursing, Salem. Data were collected from 100 student of age group between 18 to 20
years and the obtained data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
CONCLUSION
From the findings of present study it can be conducted that adolescents among 18 to 20
years were middle socio economic group. Majority of the (67%) of the adolescents were from
nuclear family. Highest percentage of adolescents according to religion shows that majority of the
adolescents was Hindu(82%). Around (30%) of them got information from parents. Adolescents
among 18 to 20 years age had average knowledge on adverse effect of cool drinks.
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