BSB 2030A Sustainable Urban Development Framework for Bandar Seri Begawan

Brunei Environmental Conference 2009Bandar Seri Begawan 19 August 2009

By Djoko Prihanto & Dr Zhou Yu LiangSurbana International Consultant.

Today humanity uses the equivalent of 1.3 planets to provide the resources we use and absorb our waste. This means it now takes the Earth one year and four months to regenerate what we use in a yearSource: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/world_footprint/

Measuring sustainability

Source: Living Planet Report 2008, Global Footprint Network

Available from: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/national_assessments/

Reducing Carbon emission is our responsibility

For countries/world regions: data collected, analysed, disseminated and maintained by World Resources Institute, International Energy Agency, United Nations Statistics Divisions or United Nations Framework

Convention Climate Change (UNFCCC), US Department of Energy or individual countries

Country MtCO2 Rank% of

World Total

Tons CO2

Per Person

Rank

Qatar [1,2,3] 44.2 76 0.11% 55.5 1

United Arab Emirates 200.9 32 0.52% 48.9 2

Kuwait 92.2 51 0.24% 36.4 3

Singapore 136.7 44 0.35% 32 4

Luxembourg 13.9 99 0.04% 30.5 5

Bahrain [2,3] 20.1 92 0.05% 27.8 6

Australia 559.4 17 1.44% 27.4 7

United States of America 7,098.00 2 18.33% 23.9 8

Canada 736 9 1.90% 22.8 9

Trinidad & Tobago [2,3] 27 83 0.07% 20.4 10

New Zealand 80.8 58 0.21% 19.5 11

Turkmenistan [1] 91.4 52 0.24% 18.9 12

Netherlands 289.1 27 0.75% 17.7 13

Ireland 72.1 62 0.19% 17.3 14

Saudi Arabia 389.7 22 1.01% 16.9 15

Belgium 166.4 37 0.43% 15.9 16

Estonia 19.8 94 0.05% 14.7 17

Brunei* [2,3] 5.5 123 0.01% 14.6 18

Russian Federation 1,991.70 4 5.14% 13.9 19

Czech Republic 141.1 41 0.36% 13.8 20

Country MtCO2 Rank% of

World Total

Tons CO2

Per Person

Rank

China 7249.8 1 18.72% 5.6 72

United States of America 7098 2 18.33% 23.9 8

European Union (27) 5342.3 3 13.80% 10.9 39

Russian Federation 1991.7 4 5.14% 13.9 19

India 1863.4 5 4.81% 1.7 121

Japan 1383 6 3.57% 10.8 40

Brazil 1028.4 7 2.66% 5.5 74

Germany 1,005.70 8 2.60% 12.2 30

Canada 736 9 1.90% 22.8 9

United Kingdom 683.3 10 1.76% 11.3 36

Mexico 640.5 11 1.65% 6.2 65

Indonesia 597.8 12 1.54% 2.7 101

Italy 587.7 13 1.52% 10 44

Korea (South) 587.6 14 1.52% 12.2 31

France 576.3 15 1.49% 9.5 46

Iran 571 16 1.47% 8.3 55

Australia 559.4 17 1.44% 27.4 7

Ukraine 485.9 18 1.25% 10.3 41

Spain 473.40 19 1.22% 10.9 38

South Africa 433.5 20 1.12% 9.2 48

Source: C

limate A

nalysis Indicators Tool (CA

IT) Version 6.0. (W

ashington, DC

: World R

esources Institute, 2009).

Reducing Carbon emission is our responsibility

Cities & Sustainability

Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka, Executive Director of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN HABITAT), in a speech to the United Nations, 62nd General Assembly, Second Committee http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/gaef3190.doc.htm

“Cities were responsible for 75 per cent of global energy consumption and 80 per cent of greenhouse gas emission”

Congestion & overpopulation

Air & Water pollution

High crime rate

Eroding Culture & heritage

Unemployment

Nature degradation

Lack of urban green space

Lack of Affordable Housing

Resolving city issues

2000s 1900s

The neighborhood unit: Perry

The social city: Jacobs

New urbanism

Landscape urbanism

Smart growth

Compact city

Transit-oriented

development

The garden city: Howard

The linear city:Soria

The making of sustainable cities

Ecological Footprint: Human killing Nature

Brundtland Report: Our common future

Design with nature:McHarg

The Radburn model: Stein/Wright

The world bank :ECO2

Melbourne Principles: Respect for people /nature

Copenhagen Agenda: Working for Sustainable Cities

1987 1996 2002 2007

Source: www.ecocityprojects.net

How applicable is the model for our cities?

CITY

ASPIRATIONS

SPECIFICISSUES

STRENGTH &LIMITATION

CULTURE &LIFESTYLE

PRIORITIES

CLIMATE

Sustainable Development FrameworkSustainable Sydney 2030 in a glance

Source: www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au

Sustainable Development FrameworkSingapore – Centre for Livable City

Source: www.clc.org.sg

Sustainable Development FrameworkTianjian Eco-City in a glance

Sustainable Development Framework 2030Bandar Seri Begawan

Condition & Key Issues

Framework KPI’sMonitoring

System

SWOT Strategies Projects

Evaluation

Evaluation

Key issues : Flooding

Target: Ensuring Flood Free City

Facts:• About 40 km long of water-bodies cutting through the city• There are many flood prone areas within the city• BSB would be affected by the rise in the sea level.

Possible Strategies:• Development of city storm water master plan

• River dredging & training• Implementation of Levees• Maintain riparian reserves• Flood Control Measures for

flood prone areas.

Issue: Lost of urban green

Target: Preserving Nature & Environment

Facts:• Population in BSB might be doubled by 2030• More land in the city would be required for development• Nature area in the city maybe affected by urban development.

Strategies:• Land use intensification.• Maintaining Green Quantum• Creating Attractive Green Connectors

• Preserving wetland & Forest biodiversity

Issue: High per capita carbon footprint

Target: Reducing Carbon Emission

Facts:• Car ownership in BSB could be tripled by 2030• Public transport system in BSB is at the preliminary stage.• Sprawling development pattern in BSB, not conducive for green transport.

Possible Strategies:• Integrated Transport & LandUse Planning

• Development of World ClassPublic Transport System

• Promoting Green Transport(cycling & walking)

• Green Car Policy• Green Building Policy

Issue: Providing affordable housing in good and sustainable environment.

Providing 60,000 new eco-friendly Homes

Facts:• 60,000 new homes might be needed by 2030 both for Bruneian and expatriates• Current housing development model is low rise & low density• New housing areas sprawl beyond the city limit

Possible Strategies:• Integrated & Compact Housing Development

• Transit Oriented Development• Walkable Township• Developing well managed, clean& Secure estates

Issue: Reliance on motorized transport mode

Target:Promoting Green Transport

Facts:• Car ownership would increase substantially by 2030.• Public Transport System is projected to improve in the future.• Green transport is needed to complement public transport system.

Possible Strategies:• Development of extensive

pedestrian network.• Development of bicycle

network and facilities • Tree planting & shades to

improve micro climatic conditions

• Well distributed public facilities

Issue: Creating green employment in the city.

Target: Creating employment & sustaining growth

Facts:• 60,000 new jobs would be needed by 2030 both for Bruneian & expatriates• BSB needs to stay competitive to attract investment & create jobs.

Strategies:• Economic Diversification• Investing in knowledge

based Economy.• Investing in green economy• Investing in Capacity Building• Promoting entrepreneurship

Issue: Creating an attractive & livable city

Target: Create attractive city and a destination

Facts:• BSB needs to attract talents to grow and diversify the economy• BSB has many potentials to be an attractive city.• Brunei total tourist arrival per year is less than 1 million (about 300,000 by air).

Strategies:• Revitalization of the CBD• Revitalization of the waterfront areas.

• Revitalization of Gadong & other activity nodes.

• Developing BSB Tourism strategic plan

Preserving Heritage, Strengthening Character

Facts:• Kampong Ayer, the 4 km water village is the key landmark & heritage of BSB• Polluted water body, Fire hazard, illegal structures & poor infrastructure are the key issues in Kg Ayer.

Possible Strategies:• Redevelopment• Adaptive Reuse • Sound Management Policy• Infrastructure Development.

Proposed Sustainable Development FrameworkBandar Seri Begawan

THANK YOU