A Textbook and Other Resources A Textbook and Other Resources for Teaching Challenge-Based for Teaching Challenge-Based

BiotransportBiotransport

Robert J. Roselli, Vanderbilt UniversityRobert J. Roselli, Vanderbilt UniversityKenneth R. Diller, University of Texas, AustinKenneth R. Diller, University of Texas, Austin

StudentCentered

AssessmentCentered

KnowledgeCentered

Multiple Perspectives

Generate Ideas

Research & Revise

Test your mettle

Go Public

The Challenge

Challenge-Based

Instruction(CBI)

Objections to the use of Objections to the use of Challenge-Based InstructionChallenge-Based Instruction

by Instructorsby Instructors

I’m not convinced that challenge-based instruction I’m not convinced that challenge-based instruction is more effective than traditional lecture-based is more effective than traditional lecture-based instruction at the college level.instruction at the college level.

I don’t have time to develop effective challenges.I don’t have time to develop effective challenges. I won’t be able to cover the necessary material in I won’t be able to cover the necessary material in

my course if valuable lecture time is lost to student my course if valuable lecture time is lost to student discussions and other in-class CBI activities.discussions and other in-class CBI activities.

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Effect Size Categories

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Effect Size = (CBI mean – Traditional mean)/ (pooled SD)

Meta-analysis of VaNTH StudiesMeta-analysis of VaNTH StudiesMeaningful difference

Cordray, D., Harris, T. R., Klein, S., A research synthesis of the effectiveness, replicability, and generality of the VaNTH challenge-based instructional modules in bioengineering. J. Engineering Education, 95, 335-348, 2009.

Substantial difference

Biotransport Modules (Roselli)Biotransport Modules (Roselli) Introduction to BME 210Introduction to BME 210 Heart-lung machineHeart-lung machine Renal vascular resistanceRenal vascular resistance HemorheologyHemorheology Osmotic shockOsmotic shock Blood flow in circular tubes (arteries)Blood flow in circular tubes (arteries) Blood flow in elliptical vessels (veins)Blood flow in elliptical vessels (veins) Heat transfer in mixingHeat transfer in mixing Determination of time of deathDetermination of time of death Heat exchanger designHeat exchanger design PharmacokineticsPharmacokinetics Determinates of cell sizeDeterminates of cell size Gas exchange and blood dopingGas exchange and blood doping

CBI

Analogies

Biofluids

Bioheat

Biomass

Biotransport Modules (Diller)Biotransport Modules (Diller) Heart Lung MachineHeart Lung Machine Generate IdeasGenerate Ideas Blood DopingBlood Doping Mucous Transport by CiliaMucous Transport by Cilia Respiratory Air FlowRespiratory Air Flow Post Mortem IntervalPost Mortem Interval HLM #2 - Cooling During Cardiac SurgeryHLM #2 - Cooling During Cardiac Surgery Coffee BurnsCoffee Burns Domestic Hot Water Safety StandardsDomestic Hot Water Safety Standards Space Suit Thermal DesignSpace Suit Thermal Design Membrane DiffusionMembrane Diffusion

Where can we find Where can we find Biotransport Modules?Biotransport Modules?

Powerpoint ModulesAnd Resources:

www.vanth.org/biotransport/

kdiller@mail.utexas.edu

Don’t need to develop your own modules

How can I cover How can I cover the necessary material the necessary material in my course if valuable lecture time is in my course if valuable lecture time is

lost to student discussionslost to student discussions??

Why Another Biotransport Why Another Biotransport Textbook? What’s Unique?Textbook? What’s Unique?

Introduces Students to CBI.Introduces Students to CBI. Covers Momentum, Heat and Mass Transport and Covers Momentum, Heat and Mass Transport and

Emphasizes Analogies Between them.Emphasizes Analogies Between them. Provides Detailed Derivations.Provides Detailed Derivations. Provides Useful Challenges.Provides Useful Challenges. Avoids Tensor Notation.Avoids Tensor Notation. Designed for Learning rather than Reference.Designed for Learning rather than Reference. Includes Properties of Biological Materials.Includes Properties of Biological Materials. Emphasizes Problem Solving Procedures.Emphasizes Problem Solving Procedures. Includes Extensive Biotransport Examples.Includes Extensive Biotransport Examples.

ExamplesExamples

DerivationsDerivations

Textbook OrganizationTextbook OrganizationFundamentals

OfHow People Learn

FundamentalConcepts inBiotransport

BioheatTransport

BiofluidTransport

BiomassTransport

Appendices

Part I

Part II

Part III Part IV Part V

A. NomenclatureA. Nomenclature

B. Physical Constants, Conversion FactorsB. Physical Constants, Conversion Factors

C. Transport PropertiesC. Transport Properties

D. Charts for Transient Conduction & DiffusionD. Charts for Transient Conduction & Diffusion

Part II. Fundamental ConceptsPart II. Fundamental Concepts

Chapter 2 Fundamental ConceptsChapter 2 Fundamental Concepts System DefinitionSystem Definition Transport ScalesTransport Scales Conservation PrinciplesConservation Principles Transport MechanismsTransport Mechanisms Transport CoefficientsTransport Coefficients Interphase TransportInterphase Transport

Chapter 3 Modeling & Solving ProblemsChapter 3 Modeling & Solving Problems Theoretical ApproachTheoretical Approach Empirical ApproachEmpirical Approach

Parts III, IV & V OrganizationParts III, IV & V Organization

First Chapter: BasicsFirst Chapter: Basics FundamentalsFundamentals Unique Transport FeaturesUnique Transport Features Relevant Empirical RelationshipsRelevant Empirical Relationships Boundary ConditionsBoundary Conditions

Second Chapter: Macroscopic ApproachSecond Chapter: Macroscopic Approach Third Chapter: 1-D Shell Balance ApproachThird Chapter: 1-D Shell Balance Approach Fourth Chapter: General Microscopic ApproachFourth Chapter: General Microscopic Approach

Chapter OrganizationChapter Organization

IntroductionIntroduction Context-specific ConceptsContext-specific Concepts Summary of Key ConceptsSummary of Key Concepts QuestionsQuestions ProblemsProblems ChallengesChallenges ReferencesReferences

Selected Biofluid Transport TopicsSelected Biofluid Transport Topics

Blood RheologyBlood Rheology Vascular Resistance, Compliance & InertanceVascular Resistance, Compliance & Inertance Microvascular Blood FlowMicrovascular Blood Flow Flow in Collapsible VesselsFlow in Collapsible Vessels Windkessel Arterial ModelWindkessel Arterial Model Osmotic Pressure and FlowOsmotic Pressure and Flow Flow in Tapered & Permeable VesselsFlow in Tapered & Permeable Vessels Pulsatile Flow in ArteriesPulsatile Flow in Arteries

Selected Bioheat Transport TopicsSelected Bioheat Transport Topics

Human ThermoregulationHuman Thermoregulation Thermal Dilution MethodsThermal Dilution Methods Burn InjuryBurn Injury Metabolic Heat GenerationMetabolic Heat Generation Biological Heat ExchangersBiological Heat Exchangers HyperthermiaHyperthermia Laser Tissue IrradiationLaser Tissue Irradiation Wind ChillWind Chill

Selected Biomass Transfer TopicsSelected Biomass Transfer Topics

PermeabilityPermeability Cellular TransportCellular Transport Gas ExchangeGas Exchange Enzyme KineticsEnzyme Kinetics BioreactorsBioreactors Kidney DialysisKidney Dialysis PharmacokineticsPharmacokinetics Blood OxygenatorsBlood Oxygenators Electrical ChargeElectrical Charge

Typical UsesTypical Uses

The textbook can be effectively used in The textbook can be effectively used in both traditional and challenge-based both traditional and challenge-based courses.courses.

It can be used for courses in biotransport, It can be used for courses in biotransport, biofluids, bioheat or biomass transport.biofluids, bioheat or biomass transport.

It can be used in introductory courses, It can be used in introductory courses, upper division undergraduate courses, upper division undergraduate courses, and graduate level courses.and graduate level courses.

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Taxonomy-Based Taxonomy-Based InstructionInstruction

Start with a general principle, Start with a general principle, illustrate it with specific casesillustrate it with specific cases

e.g., derive the Navier-Stokes Eq.,then apply it to flow in an artery

Challenge-Based Challenge-Based InstructionInstruction

Start with a specific case:Start with a specific case:Students do not have sufficient Students do not have sufficient background to adequately address the background to adequately address the challenge on their ownchallenge on their ownDesign activities that bring in Design activities that bring in relevant portions of the taxonomyrelevant portions of the taxonomy Build up to general principlesBuild up to general principles

Part I. HPL FundamentalsPart I. HPL Fundamentals

AppendicesAppendices

A. NomenclatureA. Nomenclature B1. Physical ConstantsB1. Physical Constants B2. Prefixes & Multipliers, SI UnitsB2. Prefixes & Multipliers, SI Units B3. Conversion FactorsB3. Conversion Factors C. Transport PropertiesC. Transport Properties

Fluid propertiesFluid properties Normal blood perfusion rates in tissueNormal blood perfusion rates in tissue Thermal propertiesThermal properties Mass transfer properties, solubility coefficients, partition Mass transfer properties, solubility coefficients, partition

coefficientscoefficients

D. Charts for Unsteady State Conduction & DiffusionD. Charts for Unsteady State Conduction & Diffusion

NomenclatureNomenclature

Textbook ChallengesTextbook Challenges

Selected Fluids TopicsSelected Fluids Topics

Newtonian & Non-Newtonian FluidsNewtonian & Non-Newtonian Fluids Conservation of MassConservation of Mass Conservation of MomentumConservation of Momentum Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy Engineering Bernoulli EquationEngineering Bernoulli Equation Laminar & Turbulent FlowLaminar & Turbulent Flow Friction Factors, Friction LossFriction Factors, Friction Loss Internal & External FlowInternal & External Flow 1-D & 3-D Shell Balances1-D & 3-D Shell Balances Substantial DerivativesSubstantial Derivatives Stream FunctionStream Function Scaling Continuity & Navier-StokesScaling Continuity & Navier-Stokes Solving Non-Newtonian ProblemsSolving Non-Newtonian Problems

Rheological Properties of BloodRheological Properties of Blood Biorheology and DiseaseBiorheology and Disease Blood Flow in MicrovesselsBlood Flow in Microvessels Blood Flow in OrgansBlood Flow in Organs Vascular Resistance, InertanceVascular Resistance, Inertance Vascular & Lung ComplianceVascular & Lung Compliance Windkessel Arterial ModelWindkessel Arterial Model Flow in Collapsible VesselsFlow in Collapsible Vessels Transmembrane FlowTransmembrane Flow Osmotic Pressure and FlowOsmotic Pressure and Flow Flow in Permeable VesselsFlow in Permeable Vessels Flow in Tapered VesselsFlow in Tapered Vessels Pulsatile Flow in ArteriesPulsatile Flow in Arteries

General Fluid Mechanics Biofluid Transport

Selected Heat Transfer TopicsSelected Heat Transfer Topics

Constitutive RelationshipsConstitutive Relationships ConductionConduction Convective Heat TransferConvective Heat Transfer Radiation Heat TransferRadiation Heat Transfer Heat GenerationHeat Generation Thermal Resistance, Biot NumberThermal Resistance, Biot Number Heat Transfer CoefficientsHeat Transfer Coefficients Phase ChangePhase Change Lumped Parameter AnalysisLumped Parameter Analysis Compartmental AnalysisCompartmental Analysis Heat ExchangersHeat Exchangers Numerical MethodsNumerical Methods Graphical (Heisler) SolutionsGraphical (Heisler) Solutions

Human ThermoregulationHuman Thermoregulation Thermal Dilution MethodsThermal Dilution Methods Flame Burn InjuryFlame Burn Injury Metabolic Heat GenerationMetabolic Heat Generation Biological Heat ExchangersBiological Heat Exchangers HyperthermiaHyperthermia Laser Tissue IrradiationLaser Tissue Irradiation Heat Exchange in TissueHeat Exchange in Tissue Wind Chill FactorWind Chill Factor Safe Touch TemperatureSafe Touch Temperature Fire Shelter DesignFire Shelter Design Heat Loss from FingerHeat Loss from Finger Low Temp Tissue StorageLow Temp Tissue Storage

General Heat Transfer Bioheat Transport

Selected Mass Transfer TopicsSelected Mass Transfer Topics

Mass & Molar ConcentrationMass & Molar Concentration Phase EquilibriumPhase Equilibrium Species Transport Between PhasesSpecies Transport Between Phases Molecular DiffusionMolecular Diffusion Fick’s Law, Single PhaseFick’s Law, Single Phase Diffusive & Convective FlowDiffusive & Convective Flow Electrically Charged SpeciesElectrically Charged Species Chemical ReactionChemical Reaction Internal & External ResistanceInternal & External Resistance Species ConservationSpecies Conservation Compartmental AnalysisCompartmental Analysis Mass Transfer CoefficientsMass Transfer Coefficients SuperpositonSuperpositon

Membrane PermeabilityMembrane Permeability Hollow fiber permeabilityHollow fiber permeability Cellular Transport, Charged Cellular Transport, Charged

speciesspecies Lung OLung O22, CO, CO22 Exchange Exchange

Tissue OTissue O22, CO, CO22 Exchange Exchange Enzyme KineticsEnzyme Kinetics Immobilized Enzyme DevicesImmobilized Enzyme Devices BioreactorsBioreactors Kidney DialysisKidney Dialysis PharmacokineticsPharmacokinetics Blood OxygenatorsBlood Oxygenators Transvascular Solute TransportTransvascular Solute Transport

General Mass Transfer Biomass Transport

“Results show that HPL and traditional students made equivalent knowledge gains, but that HPL students demonstrated significantly greater improvement in innovative thinking abilities.”

Methods: Posttest vs. Pretest1) Knowledge Questions: 6 multiple choice2) Open Ended Problem

InnovationInnovation

Innovation: This score reflects how effectively students apply their knowledge base and analysis tools to devise a wise strategy for solving a difficult open ended problem.

CBI

EfficiencyEfficiency

Efficiency: This score reflects the ability of students to properly model the process by applying appropriate governing principles and constitutive relations.

CBI