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ATimelineofRyeintheSecondWorldWar
EventsandDevelopmentsinRyeandSurroundsfrom1939to1945
Year Page
1938/9 2
1940 4
1941 14
1942 16
1943 19
1944 23
1945 28
PrincipalSources 29
CompiledfortheRyeArtsFestivalbyPeterMackenzieSmith
2016
2
1938-1939
Late1938 Thepopulationareissuedwithgasmasks.
Constructionoftheradiodirectionfinding(RDF,latercalledRadar)station,RAFRye,wherethewindfarmnowis.Towers340’high.Noonelocallyisawareofitspurpose,thoughthere’smuchspeculation.StationpersonnelbilletedinRyeuntiltheconstructionofabarracks,thepresentPhilippinevillage.AnotherRDFstationisbuiltatFairlight,bothpartofaseriesalongtheEastandSouthcoastscalledChainHome.
1939 AirRaidPrecaution(ARP)wardensappointedanddrillsstartedforbothairraids andgasattacks(suggestionthatRyeTennisClubshouldbeanARPoffice).
April27 Conscriptionintroducedforallmenbetween18and41,withexceptionsfor reservedoccupations.ItlastedinvariousformsasNationalServiceuntil1960.
May Ambulancedrivingcoursesstartedbythebuscompany(theEastKentRoadCarCo).
RecruitingbeginsfortheAuxiliaryFireServicewithappealsatfootballmatches.
PublicairraidshelterspreparedinvaultsunderLangtonsintheHighStreet(Adamstoday),theMonasteryGardeninConduitHill,therearofWoolworths,theHopeAnchorHotelcellar,intrenchesintheGunGardens.
8/9July FirstblackoutpracticeinRye.
Civildefencepractice.ChiefDefenceOfficeestablishedat107HighStreet.
TheBoroughCouncilorderwhiteroadmarkingpaintandsandbagstoprotectpublicbuildings.
Firstwhitelinespaintedinthemiddleoftheroad.
RyeBoroughCouncilwasanindependentBorough,oneofthesmallestinthecountry,untillocalgovernmentreorganisationin1974.In1938,followingnationalguidelines,theBoroughorganisedsubcommitteesforspecificpurposesconnectedwithwartimeactivities,includinganARPsubcommitteeandanEmergencysubcommittee.TheEmergency‘Sub-Controller’,MrArthurCornner(alsotheBoroughSurveyor)coordinatedresponsestowartimeincidents,raids,andactionsinRyeduringthewarandreportedweeklytotheEmergencysubcommittee,chairedbytheMayor.
August24 TheEmergencyPowers(Defence)Bill1939enactedbyParliament.Itcontained clausesgivingthegovernmentwidepowerstocreateDefenceRegulationswhich governedalmosteveryaspectofeverydaylifeinthecountryforthenextfiveyears.
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September BarrageBalloonsbegintoappear.
ExpansionoftheSpecialConstabulary.
SchoolchildrenfromLewishamevacuatedtoRyeuntilSpring1940.
September3 11:00.Wardeclared.
TheRyebranchoftheW.V.S.(Women’sVoluntaryServices)issetup.
September9 21:29.AnRAFAvroAnsonditchedintheseaoffFairlight.Thecrewof4werefound sittingontopoftheplaneandwererescuedbyMrRCooke,volunteerinchargeof thelife-savingcorpsinPettLevel,withthehelpofothervolunteersandhisown motorboat.TheHastingslifeboattowedtheaircrafttotheStade.
September10ALuftwaffeDornierdropsabombontheRyeCambertramwayatCamberSands Station.
September29Identitycardsintroduceduntil22May1952.
October ‘DigforVictory’.Thegovernmenturgeseveryonetogrowtheirownvegetableson allavailablebitsofland,publicandprivate.TheRyeartistEdwardBurrafinds himselfgrowingonionsbecausetheFrenchonionsellersonbicycleswhousedto providethembeforethewarcannolongercrosstheChannel.
TheWomen’sLandArmybeginsrecruiting.
October14 Rye’sfirstcasualtyofwar,EdwardCloute,MasteratArmsonHMSRoyalOak,islost with833othermembersofthecrewwhenthebattleshipistorpedoedbyU-47at anchorinScapaFlow.
November AbouthalftheRomneyMarshsheepwerecompulsorilypurchasedandevacuated totheWestCountryandYorkshireundertheGovernment’s‘PloughNow’ campaign.Farmerswereinstructedtoturnoverhalftheirlandtoarable, somethingcompletelynewtothemafterhundredsofyearsofsheepfarming. TheWarAgriculturalCommitteehadthepowertotakeoverandfarmanyland belongingtothosewhodidnotcooperate.
November9 MrGeorgeMarsdenelectedMayorforthethirdyear.
November21 AHurricane,pilotedbyP/ORHerrick,makesaforcedlandingatPett.
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1940January8 Foodrationingintroducedforbacon,butterandsugar.Extendedgraduallyto otheritems.Endedon4July1954.
RyeFoodOfficesetupinFaradayHouse,theMint.
Fish,notontheration,becameveryplentifulbecausethewarkeptbigtrawlersoutofRyewaters.
ScrapmetalandrailingscollectionsbyBoyScoutsandothers.
March29 TheHastingsfishingboatHappyReturnRX198trawledupamine3milesoffRye Harbourwhichexplodedandkilledthetwocrewmen,LouisWhiteandDickEason.
April22 FromtheBoroughCouncilminutes:‘theMayorstatedthathewasshortlytakingup anappointmentintheNorthofEnglandandwaslikelytobeawayforthelengthof theWarandtheCouncilexpressingtheirappreciationofhisservicesandtheir desirethatheshouldremaininoffice,heexpressedthehopethattheCouncil wouldsupporttheDeputyMayorinhisabsence’.
May ASpitfire,runningoutoffuelafterapatrolovertheChannel,landsnexttothe CamberRoad,BroadwaterBendandiseventuallyrefuelledandtakesoffafterthe farmermovedafence.Thepilotwaswearingpyjamasunderhisflightjacketand wastakentoBennett’sbythepolicefornewtrousersandashirt.Whenhesent thepoliceachequefor£2/10/-,theywrotebackandsaiditwasonthem.
May10 GermaninvasionofBelgium,Holland,andFrance.ChurchillPrimeMinister,endof the‘phoney’war.
May14 FormationoftheLocalDefenceVolunteers,laterrenamedtheHomeGuard, formedofmenbetweentheagesof17and65.Some200volunteersintheRye unit,manywith1914-18battleexperience.Underthethreatofinvasion,many regardedthisasasuicidaltask.
‘AuxiliaryUnits’,smallsecretgroupsofthosewhosetaskitwouldbetocarryout intelligenceandsabotagebehindtheGermanlinesafteraninvasion,aresetup. OperationalbasesfortheseunitsintheRyeareawereatIckleshamand Iden/Peasmarsh.
TheBBCbroadcastsanAdmiraltyorderrequestingallownersofself-propelled pleasurecraftbetween30'and100'inlengthtosendallparticularstothe Admiraltywithin14days.Thislistislaterusedforidentifyingsomeofthe‘little ships’fortheDunkirkevacuation.
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May21 AspecialorderinformsthevolunteercrewsattheRoyalObserverCorpspostatthe RyeHarbourMartellotowerthattheyshouldnowconsiderthemselvesmobilised. ‘Anymanmaybesummonedfordutynightorday...redoubledvigilanceis necessaryatalltimes.EverypersonapproachingorpassingnearthepostMUSTbe challenged–nightorday.’
May21 LanceSergeantReginaldMorfordofRyekilledinactionontheretreattoDunkirk servingwiththe7thBattalion,RoyalSussexRegiment.
May22 TheHastingsfishingboatGipsyQueenhelpedbringtoHastingspieraBelgiantug foundinadangerouspositionunderFairlightcliffs.Amongthe100refugeeson boardwasMonsieurDelory,financialdirectoroftheBelgianRailwaycompany,who wascarrying13millionfrancsintwosuitcases.
May22 PrivateFrankBirchallofRyekilledinactioninBelgiumservingwiththe5thCinque PortsBattalionoftheRoyalSussexRegiment.
May26 AlertforthearmywithreportsofparachutelandingsintheRyeandWinchelsea area,thefirstofmanysuchalertsoverthenextsixmonths.
May26 BeginningoftheevacuationoftheBritishExpeditionaryForcefromDunkirk. BoatsfromRyearereportedtohavetakenpart,buttheRyefishingfleetrefusesto participate.TheHastingsfleetwereassembledatRamsgate,butwerenotused.
TrainspassthroughRyewithtroopsevacuatedfromFrance.
May27 PrivateCharlesCollinsofRyekilledinactionontheretreattoDunkirkservingwith the5thCinquePortsBattalion,RoyalSussexRegiment.
June4 EndoftheDunkirkevacuation.
June6 AbleSeamanFrederickAppsRNfromRyelostwithHMSGloriouswhentheaircraft carrierwassunkbyGermanbattlecruisersoffNorway.
June9 SeveralRyeboatsandcrewsassembledtohelpevacuatethe51stHighlandDivision fromSaint-Valery-en-Caux,buttheexpeditionwascancelledbecauseofthespeed oftheGermanadvanceandthedivisionwascapturedenmasse.
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June Antiinvasionmeasures:
• Roadblocks(MonkbrettonBridge,onMilitaryRoad,attheHospital,onWinchelseaRoadandelsewhere).
• Bridgesprimedwithexplosive(anavaldepthchargeisattachedtoMonkbrettonbridge),includingtheStrandBridgeatWinchelsea,therailwaybridgesinRyeandatBredeSluice.BridgesatBoon’sHillandBrook’sGateareprematurelyblownupbyanover-eagerofficerinSeptember.
• PreparationsmadetoblowupthechemicalworksatRyeHarbour.• Ablockship,the97’yacht‘Toquade’ispreparedandfittedwithexplosives
toclosetheentrancetoRyeHarbour.• Dragon’steeth(somestillvisibleatRyeAmbulanceStation).• 12’highscaffoldingisbuiltthelengthofRyeBaybetweenlowandhigh
tidemarks,withtheexceptionofthemouthofRyeHarbour.Someofitismined.
• Signpostsandroadsignspaintedoutorremoved.• Polesandtrenchesinfields.• Hawsersstretchedacrossroadsandfields.• ArtilleryatTillinghamAvenue,SouthUndercliff,UdimoreHilland
CamberRoad.• Heavyartillery(two12”howitzers)atPeasmarsh.• Anti-aircraftgunsattheschoolandRyeHarbourRoad,• SearchlightsatEastGuldeford.• Pillboxesandmachinegunpositionsbuiltthroughoutthearea.• 6”MarkVIInavalgunbatteriesinstalledatWinchelseaBeach(Dog’sHill),
Jury’sGapandCliffEnd.• Abatteryof9.2”navalgunswasalsoinstalledintheRyeDefenceSector.• Minefieldslaid,particularlyalongthecoastandtheRoyalMilitaryCanal.
Thesecausemanyfatalaccidentstosoldiersalongthecoast,aswellastosheepandotheranimals,duringthecourseofthewar.
• Bicyclesregistered.• ‘Settingtheseaalight’installationsatCamberfortheflamebarrage
installedinSpring1941.Thereweremanyrumoursin1940aboutthisweapon,includingaccountsofbadlyburnedbodieswashinguponbeachesinRyeBay.
• ‘Stayput’CircularsandGovernmentinstructions(‘IftheInvaderComes’1940;‘BeatingtheInvader’1941).
• Concernathowtocountergascloudattacksfromenemyships.• TheArmyandRAFbuiltuplargeresourcesofpoisongaswithmeansof
deliverybyaircraft,artilleryandmortars.AWarCabinetdecisionwasneededtoactuallyusegas.
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TroopsintheRyeareaatthistimewerefrom8RoyalSussexRegiment,6and7 Devonshires,andthefirstbattalion,RoyalIrishFusiliers.
Ryeisdesignatedoneof31evacuationtownsintheeventofinvasion.Inthe meantime,theGrammarSchoolisevacuatedtoBedfordforfouryears,other residents(mothers,children,theelderly)toCornwall,Somersetand Gloucestershire.
SomefamiliesmadeplansforescapeacrosstheRomneyMarsh,othersconsidered killingeachotheriftheenemyappeared.
CatchmentBoardOfficeestablishedat16UdimoreRoad.
BarbedwireacrosstheCricketSalts.
AirraidsirensplacedatFerryRoadFireStation,LandgateTowerandtheMartello TowerontheWinchelseaRoad.
ArmyQuarteringCommandant’sofficesetupat3,HighStreet.
June10 Complaints,particularlyfromtheRyebranchoftheBritishLegion,thattheBorough areemployingaconscientiousobjector,MrACYogan.
June19 TheSSRoseburnshelledandtorpedoedoffDungenessbyaGermanE-boatand beachedasatotalloss.ThecrewwereallrescuedbytheDungenesslifeboat. Thewreckwasblownupafterthewarasadangertoshipping.
June24 TheSSAlbuerabeachedoffLyddLightfollowinganE-boatattack.Sevenofher crewwerelost.
July4 TheabsentMayor,GeorgeMarsden,writestotheCouncilfromYorkshireoffering toresign.Thisisunanimouslyaccepted.TheDeputyMayor,JoeCooper,is appointedMayorfortheremainderoftheperiodofoffice.
July5 ArmyengineersblowgapsintheseawallatCliffEndtofloodthemarshesat PettLevel.
RyeHarbourcomesundertheAdmiralty’sDoverCommand.Therestrictionson harbourusecausedbythetidesandaprohibitiononnightmovementsmeanthat theharbourcannotbeusedbyRNgunboats,buta45’convertedfishingboat,the ‘Adela’wasemployedasapatrolboatandequippedwithmachineguns.
July10 ADutchcargoship,theBillS,enroutefromGreenhithetoLlanelliwithacargoof cementattackedandsunkbytheLuftwaffe7milesoffDungeness.
ALuftwaffeDornier17broughtdowninDungenessRoads(justoffshoreoftheold lighthouse)byacollisionwithanattackingSpitfire.Ithadbeenattacking,with21 othersandfightersupport,alargeconvoy(codenamed‘Bread’)at14:00.Twoof thecrewoffoursurvivedandwerepickedup.TheSpitfirepilotwasalsolost.
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July11 MemorandumfromAdmiralRamsayatDoverconcerningtheuseofthe6”naval gunsinstalledatWinchelseaBeach.Thegunsweretobeusedagainstenemy transportships‘beforetheyhavebeenabletolandtroops,tanks,etc.Battery commandersshouldnotconcernthemselveswithsmallcraftunlessarrivinginlarge numbers...fireshouldbewithheldforbiggergameuntilwithincertainhitting range...batteriesaresuppliedwithonly100roundspergunandnomoreis available.’
July22 PopulationofCamber,WinchelseaBeachandPettLevel(withtheexceptionof somefarmers)given48hourstoevacuatethearea.Camberheavilyfortified. Passesarerequiredforanyonewantingtoenterthiszone.Theevacuationarea preventsseabathing.
August7 MrsAlbrookisfined£2byRyemagistrateswith12/6costsfortakingphotographs ofdefencesatPett.Therearemanysuchcasesduringthewarofinfringementsof blackoutandotherdefenceregulations,includingfoodrationfraud.Thepagesof localnewspaperscarryregularstoriesofcrimeandthelootingofdamagedor evacuatedpropertybythelocalpopulationandsoldiers.Alsoaboutaccidentsand fatalitieswithfirearmsandinminefields,withthesourcesusuallybeingcourtcases andcoroners’reports.Airraidsandbattlesarereportedinsomedetail,butnames andplacesaredeleted:mostraidstakeplaceover‘aSouthCoasttown’and photographsaredoctoredtomakeitdifficulttoidentifypreciselocations. Eachedition,though,willrecord,usuallywithaphoto,servicemenfromthearea reportedkilled,missingortakenprisonerbytheenemy.
August12 13:00.FirstoftwoLuftwaffeattacksthatdayontheradarstation(RAFRye).One soldierwaskilledandseveralwoundedbutthestation’soperations(longrange earlywarningforthesouthcoastandChannel,lookingovertheCapGrisNezarea ofnorthernFrance)werenotdisrupted.Theraidisthesubjectofadramatic paintingbyEdwardBurra,whoisbasedinRyethroughouttheWar.
August18 13:37.(Sundaylunchtime).SevenGermanbombersdetachthemselvesfroma groupof27returningfromaverydamagingraidonRAFKenleyinSouthLondon anddroptwenty-eight50kghighexplosivebombsonRye.18failedtoexplode,but theothersdid:
ThreehousesdestroyedinGodfrey’sRow,WishStreet.
DemolitionofNos.47,48,61,62and63TheMint.
FaradayHouse,TheMint,halfdestroyed.
SecondHouse,MermaidStreet,formerlytheEvacueeHospital,destroyed,together withtheSummerHouseofLambHouse(whereHenryJameswrotemanyofhis works).
OneunexplodedbombfellthroughtheroofofNo11CadboroughRoadandinto thecellarofNo10nextdoorwhere8peopleweresheltering.Nonewerehurt.
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MrFBumsted,oneofthefirstLDVvolunteers,andhisparentswerekilledinthis raidandotherswounded.
Fromtheofficialreport:‘TheinstructionsoftheDepartmentontakingshelterwere notobeyedexceptingbyaverysmallproportionofthepopulation.Sincethe incidenttherehasbeenamarkedimprovementinthenumberofpersonstaking shelterbutthereisratheratendencyforthisnumbertodecreaseinviewofthe spectacularairbattles,whichcanbeseenfrequentlyoverthetown.’
AHeinkel111bomberisshotdownbytheRAFandcrashesatSnargate. ThewoundedflightengineerdieslaterinRyeHospital,therestofthecreware takenprisoner.
August24 AnME109broughtdownatBroomhillFarm,Camber.
August25 03:20.TheHastingslifeboatrescuedFw.ASchmadererfromtheseaoffEcclestone Glen,solesurvivorfromaHeinkelIIIshotdownreturningfromattackingRAF HarwellbyaHurricanenightfighter(FlightLieut,JGSaunders).Thelifeboathadto cutitsenginesinthedarknessuntilacrywasheard.
August29 18:15.AHurricane,shotdownincombat,crasheswithitspilot,HRHamilton,200 yardsEastofCamberCastle.
September Germaninvasionplansincludedlargescalelandingsbythe16tharmywithinfantry andarmouratCamberandthefulllengthofRyeBay;fortankstobedeployed aroundWinchelsea;amountainbrigadeatCliffEndandspecialforcestoattackthe RoyalMilitaryCanal.TheGermanaimlocallywastobypassRyeandadvanceinland alongUdimoreRidge.
TheoverallGermanplancoveredlandingsfromHythetoNewhaven:using1,100 invasionbarges,theyintendedtoland89,000troopsinthefirsttwohours,219,000 troopsonthefirstday,and16divisionswithinthreetofourweeks.
Britishdefencesaimedatopposinglandingsonthebeachesandthenaseriesof areadefencesinland,includinganti-tank‘stop’linesandfortresstownsand villages.Troopsonthebeachesweretoholdtheirpositionsuntilacounter offensivecouldbemounted.
TheBritishArmy’sRyeSectorDefenceSchemeatthetimegivesasits‘Intention’: ‘TheRyesectorwillbeheld,tothelastroundandthelastman.Therewillbeno withdrawalfromthepositionsordered...’
TheDefenceSchemedescribestheBritishArmy’sdispositionsforanarea12,000 yardsalongthecoastand9,000yardsinland(CliffEndtoLyddandincludingRye andWinchelseainland).Infantrywerecomposedofapproximately500menof1 RoyalIrishFusiliersand1Devons.Artilleryconsistedofamixoffixedposition9” and6”guns,andmobile75mm,18pdr,andantitankandanti-aircraftguns,atotal
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of29guns.TheHomeGuardwas268menstrongwith168riflesand16machine guns.TherewerealsoRoyalEngineerandsearchlightdetachments.
Intheeventofinvasion,theGermanforcesallocatedtotheRyeBayareaconsisted ofupto2Divisions(20,000to30,000men).
September1 11:40.LieutenantHerbertStrasser’sME109,onapatrolfromEtaples,isshot downbyaHurricaneandcrashesatStrandBridgeWinchelsea.LtnStrasserbales outandiscaptured.
September4 FourGermanspiesarecaptured,twoatHytheandtwoinLyddafteronetriedto buydrinksintheRisingSunpubat9amonaSunday.Allhadcomeashorein rowingboatsfromafishingboatoutofLeTouquet.OneturnsKing’sevidence,the otherthreearehangedinPentonvilleprisoninDecember.
September5 HighExplosivebombsonWinchelseaBeach.Nodamage.
September6 09:30.ASpitfirecrashesatPeasmarshPlace.
TheSussexExpressandCountyHeraldpublishesalistofairraidsheltersinRyefor thebenefitofvisitors(numbersindicatecapacity):
! Langton’sUndergroundVaults,8-10HighStreet.125.! CoveredtrenchesintheMonasterygarden,ConduitStreet.60.! CoveredtrenchesoffMarketRoadattherearofWoolworths.180.! BasementoftheOldHopeAnchorHotel,WatchbellStreet.23.! CoveredtrenchesintheGunGarden.100.! Concretesurfaceshelter,TheStrand,bottomofMermaidStreet.50.! ConcretesurfaceshelterontheTownSalts,FishmarketRoad,bottomof
Hilder’sCliffsteps.58.! 4surfacesheltersatLionStreetSchools,LionStreet,accommodating27,13,
26and19.! ConcretesurfacesheltersattheSeniorandJuniorschools.
September7 At17:45,sixhighexplosive(HE)bombsdroppedalongtheFishmarketandtherear oftheRotherIronworks,oneunexplodedintheRotherjustSouthofMonkbretton Bridge.
142FieldRegimentCommandPostdestroyedbyabombatPlayden.
CodewordCROMWELLissued.Severeinvasionthreatperceived.
September10TenHEand100incendiarybombsdroppedat18:15.Mostinopencountry,but firesatnos.89and117,SouthUndercliffanddamagetoaboatinaRockChannel shipyard.BombsatPlaydenChurch,nodamage.
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September1116:00.AGermanaircraftcomesdownintheChanneloffWinchelsea. Twooccupantsareseenonthewings.Theywerenotrescued.
16:15.TwoHeinkel111bombersareshotdownatBroomhill,EastGuldefordand setonfirebytheircrews(standardprocedure)beforetheyarecaptured. TwoHurricanesshotdownoverCamber/Lydd.
September1313:07.A600kgbombisdroppedontheCamberFieldsfootpathbutdoesnot explode.
September15F/LtGeorgePowell-SheddenshootsdownaDornier17andishimselfshotdownby anotherenemyaircraft.Ashebalesouthisfootiscaughtinthecockpit’scanopy andhedangleshelplesslyintheairastheHurricanerapidlylosesheight.At1,500 feet,however,hisshoecameoff.HisHurricanecrashesatChurchField,Udimore.
SquadronLeaderGeorgeDenholm,COof603Squadron,balesoutofhisSpitfire afterbeinghitbyaDornier.HisplanecrashesonWarrenFarm,Fairlightandthe severedenginebouncesoverthecliffstolandinthesea.
September16AtaCouncilmeeting,theTownClerkrejectscomplaintsfromCouncillorSherwood abouttheperformanceofthecivildefence.MrSherwoodhadseenMrArthur Corrner,thesubcontrolleroftheemergencycommittee,motoringinthetown earlierthatdayandwantedtoknowwhyhewasn’tatthemeeting.
September17AnME109force-landsamileEastofCamberFarm,thepilotistakenprisoner,the planeslightlydamaged.
September20AnunexplodedbombonthelineafteranairraidonHastingsinterruptsthetrain servicetoRye.
September25SgtPilotRaymondGentof501Sqn.shootsdownanME109overGuestling. Thepilot,Fw.WilliKoslowski,balesoutwithseriousburns.Thewreckageofhis planeisnotexcavateduntil1989.
October AJunkers88isshotdownbyHurricanesandcrashesintoRyeBay,4milesoff Camber.
October1 At10:20,tenHEbombsdroppedatCamberCastle.
October4 6HEbombsdroppedontheRyeareaat13:15withtwominorcasualtiesandfive onRyeHarbourat15:32.
October5 AnME109forceddownatPeasmarsh.Pilottakenprisoner.
October7 AnME109(pilotObltVMolders)shotdownbyaHurricaneof605Squadron,crash landsatDolehamFarmandheistakenprisoner.
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October4 HEonRyeGolfClub.
October9 At10:10,18HEbombsdroppedonRyeresultingindamageanddemolitionto:
Nos.1to6BedfordPlace
Nos.19,20and31King’sAvenue.
October13 LyddChurchreceivesadirecthitfromanME109fighter-bomber.Thechancelis destroyed,butthesoldiersintheobservationpointonthetowersurvive.
October14 HEatCrutchesFarmWinchelseaandHayesFarmUdimore.
October15 At20:00alargeHEbombfell200yardsfromRyeRailwayBridgeandcauseda crater30’across.DamagetohousesinKing’sAvenue(incidentR/6). At01:00fiveHEbombsfellatIcklesham.
October18 HEPettLevel.
October20 18bombsdroppedonLyddCampcausingmanycasualtiesamongstCanadian troops.
October21 HEandoilbombsaroundRyeRailwayStation.
October25 RyeHarbourHEandoilbomb.
10:00.TwoSpitfirescollideoverBrede,thepilotsbaleout.Theiraircraftcrashedat StonelinkFarmandPickdickFarm,Brede.
AnME109,shotdownbyHurricanesof501Squadron,crashesatLidhamHillFarm, Guestling.Thebadlyburnedpilotbailsoutandiscaptured.
October26 BombsattheKing’sHeadUdimore.
October27 UffzArnoZimmermannmakesaperfectbellylandinginhisME109nexttoLydd watertowerafterbeingshotdownbyHurricanesof605squadron.
November8 HEandmachine-gunningonCadboroughCliff.
November9 Whenre-electedasMayor,Cllr.JoeCooperisquotedbyTheSussexHeraldassaying “Iamnotonewhoisgoingtoleavetheshipwhensheisindifficulties.”
03:45.AWellingtonbomberreturningfromaraidonDusseldorflandsinthesea 500yardsSouthofCliffEnd.Thecrewarerescued.
November11 Oblt.JosefVolk’sME109crashesatBlackwallBridgeovertheRother.
November17 HEonNewWinchelseaRoad,Rye.
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November28 AnME109withenginefailurelandsatStocksCottage,Udimore,neartheChurch Hallwherearehearsalforanativityplayistakingplace.Thepilot,Uffz.HeinzWolf isdetainedbyaspecialconstablelivingnextdooruntilthearmyarrive.His arrogantanddefiantmannerarousestheindignantfuryofagroupofwomenfrom thevillagewhowatchhimbeingtakenaway.Hisplaneisusedforwartime fundraisinginEnglandandSouthAfricaandisnowinaJohannesburgmuseum. (OnelocalresidentremembershearingthatUffz.Wolf’saircrafthadsufferedafuel leak:therewererumours,unconfirmed,thatGermanaircrafthadbeensabotaged byFrenchmechanicsattheirairbasesinFrance).
HEatTillinghamFarm.
EarlyDec HEat50King’sAvenue,Rye.
AnRAFBlenheimbomber,returningdamagedfromaraidonGermany,crashesat Fairlightandthecrewarelost.
SquadronLeaderO’NeillbalesoutofhisHurricane,woundedintheleg,after shootingdownanME109andisrescuedfromtheseaoffWinchelsea.
December3 HEatRyeHarbour.
December16 ABlenheimbomber,returningfromaraidonMannheim,crashesandisburned outnearFairlight.
December17 01:00.AnRAFWellingtonbomberof99Squadron,outoffuelreturningfromthe Mannheimraid,crashlandsinamoonlitfieldbetweentheRotherandtherailway northoftheironrailwaybridge,acrosstheriverfromtheTennisClub.Thecrew wereunharmed.TheRAFsendslargelorries(knownas‘QueenMarys’)torecover theaircraft.
December18 StokerAlbertBurtonRNofRyelostwhenHMSubmarineTritonwassunk eitherbyamineorbytheItaliantorpedoboatCliointheStraitofOtranto, SouthernAdriatic.
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1941February10 9.2”railwaygunsdeployedatWittershamRoadandRolvendenStations.Theunits weighed86tonseachandthegunhadarangeof16.4miles.Concussionwhenthe gunswerefiredcausedconsiderablelocaldamage.
February26 ASpitfirecrashesnearRyeHarbour.
March3 16:00.Lt.MartinOttmeriskilledwhenhisparachutefailstoopenproperlyafterhis ME109isshotdownatBrenzettafteraraidonRamsgate.Hisbodyisfoundat Ivychurch.
March15 HMSBritomart,minesweeper,bombedoffRye,allinwardroomkilled,madefor Portsmouth.
March19 AHurricanecrashesatFaggFarm,Udimore.
April16 HurricanecrashattheForelands,Broomhill.
April24 09:02.OberfeldwebelGuntherStruckistakenprisonerafterhisME109,ona missionfromOstendtobombairfields,isshotdownatBlackhouseFarm,Camber. Hewaslaterrepatriatedafterapparentlyfeigningmentalillnessandendedthewar asatestpilotforMesserschmitt.
June ‘NodalPoints’areestablished.Designatedareas(includingRye,Winchelseaand Lydd)designedasfortressestosurviveforsevendayswithoutrelief.NodalPoints containtroops,HomeGuard,civilians(schoolchildren,mothersandchildrenand theoldandinfirmtobeevacuated),animals,firstaidandmedicalservices,food, shelter,firecontrolpersonnelandARP.Theyarecommandedby‘Triumvirates’ (army,police,civilpower–armyincommandonceinvasionbegins).
Ryedebateaboutwho’sincludedintheNodalPoint:RyeHarbour,Playden,Iden, andCadboroughtobeleftoutandtoldto‘stayput’.3000insidethenodalpoint, 450inWinchelsea.
June1 IntroductionofRationingforClothing,endedon15March1949.
July12 SherrypartygivenbytheHomeGuardcommanderforofficersoftheEssexScottish CanadianregimentattheRyeTennisClub.Manysimilarsocialandsportsevents arearrangedbetweenthetownandthegarrison.
June14 AHeinkel111,enroutetothedockyardsatChatham,isshotdownbyFlt.Lt.JG Topham’sBeaufighteratLowerSnailhamFarm,Doleham.Allfourcrewaretaken prisoner.
June22 GermaninvasionofRussia.
August10 The6thManchestersreplacetheCanadianregimentsintheRyeSector.
15
August18 ABlenheimbomber,damagedoverFrance,crashesonemileSEofTollgateCottage, EastGuldeford.Twocrewareinjuredandthegunnerkilled.
October HenryJames’Estatesendsa£25contributionfromAmericatotheMayor’sAirRaid DistressFund.
October12 ABritishradiobeaconluresaDornier217EbombertoforcelandatJury’sGap.The crewbelievedtheywereinFrance,didnotsettheiraircraftalightandweretaken prisoner.Theplane,anewversionoftheDornier217,wastakentoFarnborough. Thepilot,OberleutnantDolenga,hadbroughtabottleofchampagnewithhimto celebratehisbirthdaywhenflightwasover.
October21 SpitfirecrashNorthRye.
November24 LieutenantCommanderRobertSkinnerRNofRyelostwhenhiscruiserHMS DunedinwastorpedoedbyU-124intheSouthAtlanticbetweenBrazilandWest Africa.
December20 AbleSeamanJohnSmithRNofRyelostwhenhisdestroyerHMSKandaharstrucka mineoffTripoli.
December26 ASpitfirecrashes400yardsNorthofCarter’sBeachWorks,Rye.
16
1942January1 10:10.CannonandmachinegunattackonRyeRailwayStation.AnME109also machine-gunnedthetrainfromRyetoHastingsatDoleham.Theguardwasinjured.
January17 AbleSeamanFrederickKirbyRNlostwhenhisdestroyer,HMSMatabele,was torpedoedbyU-454intheBarentsSeawhileonArcticConvoyduty.
March ThedefencesofFairlightRadarStationarestrengthenedfollowingthesuccessful BritishcommandoraidonaGermanradarstationatBrunevalontheFrenchcoast.
April24 ReturningfromamissionoverCalais,P/OCharlesBarber’sSpitfirecrashesfroma greatheight800yardswestofWinchelseaStation.Heiskilled.Hisremainswere notfounduntil1986whenhewasburiedwithfullmilitaryhonours.
May18 FishingboatRX101machine-gunnedoffRyeHarbour.Onecrewmemberinjured.
June TheManchesterRegimentisreplacedbytheDurhamLightInfantry.
June15 MerchantNavyengineerEricCastleofRyelostatseawhenhisship,theMVPelayo, wastorpedoedbyU-552intheAtlantic.
August19 LeadingAircraftmanDonaldDennisRAFVRofRyemissinginactionwhileserving with961Squadron.BrotherofGeorge,seeOctober1,1943.
17
September16At06:10one500kgbombdroppedontherearoftheMermaid,bouncedand exploded20’intheairanddemolishedMrBrown’sbutcher’sshopatGreenSteps anddamagedStrandHouse.SecondbombexplodessouthoftheHarbourroad, demolishinganoldgunemplacement.Nos.2and4Underclifftobedemolished. Damageto302houses,40seriously.(incidentR/11).
FishingboatMizpahstrafedinRyeBay,twokilledandonewounded,theskipper CharlieLocke.TheboatwasbeachedandLockeandhisdeadcrewmenwere rescuedbyanothertrawlerandtakentotheStrandat15:00whenrelatives objectedtotheauthorities’useofarefuselorryforthecollectionofthedeadand hiredtheirownlorryfromVidler’s.LockewastakentoRyehospital.Hewaslater awardedtheBEM.
September17TrawlerHMSWaterflysunkbytheattackofasingleFocke-Wulfwhile minesweepingoffDungeness.Therearefewsurvivorsandthebodiesofsomeof thecrewwerewashedupontheDutchcoast.
September22Four500kgbombsdroppedonRyeat1340:oneontheRegentCinema(the manager,whowasonatemporaryappointmenttoescapetheblitzinLondon,is killed)inCinquePortsStreetandoneontheCinquePortsHotel,oneontheStrand (StrandHouse),oneinWatchbellLane/TradersPassagebythedisusedgraveyard, andoneintheYpresTowerareaandGunGarden.CasualtiesintheStrand includedthoseintherepairteamsbroughtintoworkonthedamagecausedby theraidon16September.8peoplewerekilledand11seriouslyinjured.Acatwas foundinthedrivingseatofawreckedcarafewyardsfromthecinemabomb nursingitskittens,whichhadbeenbornjustbeforethebombing.
TheaircraftalsostrafedScott’sFloatandshotatschoolchildrenwalkinghome nearby,butwithoutcausingcasualties.
Some800housesweredamagedinthetworaidsof15and22September,some twice.(incidentR/12).
October5 PrivateAlecTiltmanofRyekilledinactionatElAlameinservingwith1stBattalion, RoyalSussexRegiment.
October7 At14:15,anFW190droppedanHEbombonTramRoad,RyeHarbour,killing MrsEClarkandheraunt,MrsSmith,whomshewasvisiting.
October21 AnRAFBeaufighterisshotdownbyRyeAA,crashes¾mileSouthofWatlands FarmnearWinchelseaStation.Thepilotiskilledandtheothercrewmembernot traced.Asimilareventat21:40on17/1/43broughtdownanotherBeaufighter nearDolehamHalt.Thecrewbaledoutandwereunhurt.
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November5 TheLondonTimesreportsthatMrAlfredRThomsonARA,anofficialwarartist, whoisdeafanddumb,hasbeenshotthroughtheshoulderbyaRyesentryfor failingtorespondtohischallenge.
November5 The24thSouthWalesBorderersreplacetheDurhamLightInfantry,followedby theWelshRegiment.
November9 BrigadierGeneralEdwardWaceelectedMayorwithJosephCooperasDeputy.
November27 Ofz.HBierwith’sFW190attackedaslowmovingtrainapproachingLyddStation, hauledbyalocomotivedrivenbyCharlesGilbertfromAshford.Bierwithopened firewithcannonatthetrainandthenflewoverthelocomotivejustasitsboiler exploded.Hiswingtiptouchedtheengine,theplanecrashed,andhewaskilled. MrGilbertandthefiremansurvivedandthelocomotivewasrebuiltandreturned toservice.
December1 PrivateRobertSellmanofRyekilledinactioninTunisiaservingwiththe2nd Battalion,HampshireRegiment.
December6 08:32.MrWilliamEdwardskilledandtwoothersinjuredbystrafingFW190son YpresTowerSteps.StrafingofRyeHarbour,RyeForeign,Winchelsea(MillRoad), GuestlingandFairlight.
December11 StrafingatRyeForeignkillsMrGeorgeShilling.
19
1943January ThousandbomberBritishraidsonGermanybegin,passingoverRye.
January4 ADornier217,minelayinginRyeBay,crashesintoFirehills,Fairlight,causing extensivedamage.Thecrewoffourarekilled.
12:56.Alow-flyingFW190,underfirefromWinchelseaAA,collideswithoverhead cablesandcrashesatCastleFarmnearWinchelseaBeach.Thepilot,Fw.Herbert Muller,isdecapitated.
January13 FW190aircraftattackWinchelseacausingonedeathandmanycasualties;Rye ambulanceandfirstaidpartycalledin.
January15 At16:09,FW190aircraftstrafedtherailwaycrossingnearFerryRoadand surrounds,twopeoplewereinjured,41premisesslightlydamaged.(incidentR15).
OneFW190crashesatWinchelseaBeach.
January17 ABeaufighter,shotdownbyfriendlyfire,crashes100yardsSouthofDolehamHalt. Thecrewbailout.
20
February2 08:50.ThreeFW190aircraftcrossthecoastatPett,strafebuildingsthereandat WestfieldandSedlescombebeforedroppingthree500kgbombsonBattlecausing extensivedamageandtwociviliandeathsintheHighStreet.Theythenstrafed housesandfarmsatAshburnham,Herstmonceux,HailshamandArlingtonbefore crossingthecoastatCuckmereHaven.Thewholeraidlastedfiveminutes.
February10 At18:05,500kgand250kgbombsweredroppedonRyeatHavelockVillasandthe CustomHouse,TillinghamAvenue(thefootpathnearNo.4),ontherailway immediatelysouthofthelevel.373housesdamaged.(incidentR/20).
February12 RyeHarbourclosedtoshippingtoenablesecretexercisesinthemouthoftheto17 Rotherwithamphibioustanks.
March13 Sgt.EMurrowcrashlandshisSpitfire200yardsnorthofWinchelseastationafter escortingUSAAFbombersonaraidonAmiens.Heemergesunhurtwithhis aircraft’swingsandtailrippedoff.
March17 TheHastingsfishingboatEVGRX152,largestintheHastingsfleet,trawlsupamine whichexplodes.Hercrewsurvive.
March31 Sevenofthecrewof11ofminesweepertrawlerHMSCauloniasavedbythe HastingslifeboatoffJury’sGap,threedied.
April10 TheHastingsfishingboatBoyBillieRX61trawledupamineoffDungeness. Witnessessawhercrewofthreeinspectingwhattheyhadfoundwhenitexploded andkilledthemall.
May AbombingdecoysiteissetupatCamberCastle.The'Starfish'decoyoperatedby lightingaseriesofcontrolledfiresduringanairraidtoreplicateanurbanarea targetedbybombs.InMay1943a'QL'decoywasoverlaidatthesiteaspartofthe NavalCoastdecoysforDoverCommandtoprotectasystemofcoastalloadingand landingpointsknownas'hards'.This'QL'decoydisplayedsimulatedlightingto reconstructthe'hards'andtheirassociatedbuildings.The'QL'decoywas commissionedaspartofOperationFortitudeSouthinpreparationfortheinvasion ofEurope.FurtherbombingdecoysitesforDoverCommandwerelocatedatWorth andSandwichFlats.
July1 SpitfirecrashatWinchelseaBeach.
July14 StaffSergeantTerenceMontagueofRyekilledinactionoverSicilyservingwiththe 1stGliderPilotRegiment.
July18 RiflemanAlbertDeeproseofRyekilledinactioninSicilyservingwiththe1st Battalion,LondonIrishRifles.
21
August20 RoyalNavalcombinedoperationsbaseHMSHaig(theSeniorSchoolonNewRoad) commissionedpaidoffon10/1/45.TheRyeandCamberTramway(suspendedin 1939)broughtbackintooperationtodelivermaterialsfortheconstructionofthe AdmiraltyJettynexttotheHarbourmaster’shouseatRyeHarbour.Thejettyis intendedforRNlandingcraft.
TheAdmiraltyalsohadadvancedplansforatelecommunicationscontrolcentreto bebuiltintotherockunderWatchbellStreet,buttheywereneverimplemented.
September6 AUSAAFFlyingFortress(B17)returningdamagedfromaraidinEurope,landson floodedmarshlandatPettLevel.Thecrewhadbailedout,butthepilot,Lieut.G Peegram,stayedonboardandbroughttheplanedownsuccessfully.
AFlyingFortresscrashesatsea½mileEastofPettLevelCoastguardLookout. Thecrewof10arenottraced.
October1 AircraftmanGeorgeDennis(brotherofDonald–see19August1942)diesina JapanesePOWcampinThailand.
October5 LanceSergeantFrederickWhitnallofRyekilledinactioninItalyservingwiththe6th Battalion,RoyalWestKentRegiment.
October13 PrivateWilliamSoutherdenofRyekilledinactioninItalyservingwith5thBattalion, HampshireRegiment.
October14 AdamagedFlyingFortressfromtheUSAAF568bombsquadronreturningfroma raidontheball-bearingfactoriesatSchweinfurtappearsoverIcklesham,thecrew baleoutandthepilotsetstheplanetoflytowardsthesea,butitturnsagainand crashesatKnockbridgeFarmwiththecockpitendingupjustshortoftheRobin Hoodinn.
October18 AFlyingFortresscrashesatKnockbridgeFarm,Icklesham.Thecrewbailout.
October20 Bombfallsontheminefieldatthe13thgreenatRyeGolfClub,damagetothe clubhouseandthetramway.
October21 ATyphoonof245SquadroncrashesintotheseaoffFairlight.Thepilot,F/OEdwin Bater,bailedoutbutdrowned.
November AmilitaryconvoypassesthroughRyefromUdimoreRoadtoNewRoadforthree daysandnightscontinuously.Itisnowthoughttohavebeenpartofthedeception operationtopersuadetheGermansthattheinvasionofEuropewastocomeacross thePasdeCalaisratherthantoNormandy.
22
November3 TheSSStoraa,carryingacargoof2500tonsoftankpartsinaconvoyfrom SouthendtoCardiffsinksin30secondsafterbeingtorpedoedbyanE-boatinthe middleofthenightof2/3November10milesoffHastings.21ofthe35Englishand Danishcrewmenwerelost.RemainsoftheshipcanbeseenintheHastings ShipwreckMuseum.
December11 GermanplaneshotdownbyRyeAA.
December20 02:35.AnRAFMosquitoof488squadronshootsdownanME410,illuminatedby searchlights,overIden.Thepilot,Lt.HeinzBaack,iskilledinthecrashatBoonshill Farm,Iden.Thenavigator,MichaelStrasser,baledout,sufferedabrokenleg,and wastakenprisoner.
23
1944January2 AnFW190crashesinflamesonCamberSandsduringthenight.Thepilotiskilled.
January21 SergeantArthurPopeRAFVRlostonaraidoverBerlinservingwithNo76Squadron, BomberCommand.
January28 LaunchinRockChannelofaMotorFishingVessel(MFV,120tons,length65’,beam 19’)thefirstwarshiptobebuiltinRyesincetheNapoleonicWar,thefirstofsix builtbyCharlesMorrisandSonsLtdfortheRoyalNavy.Usedasfleetauxiliaries andminetrawlers,threeoftheseMFVssawservicewiththePacificfleet.Each MFVwasmadefrom100Sussexoaktrees.
February4 GeneralMontgomeryaddressestroopsontheCricketSalts.
March15 ATyphooncrashesintheBredeValley.
March19 ABostonaircraftcrashesatUpperLidhamFarm,Guestling,injuringitsthreecrew.
April1 1622.AMustangcrashesintoBredeRiverMarsh.
April17 AUSAAFFlyingFortressturnsback,severelydamagedbyflak,fromamissiontothe MesserschmittfactoriesatAugsberg.Thepilot,Lt.WHJohnson,ordershiscrewto baleoutovertheMarshandtheplanecrashes,killingLt.Johnson,ontheHam Streetturnoff,whichisnowtheB2070fromBroadlandstoAshford.Aplaqueanda flagnowmark‘Johnson’sCorner’.
April24 TherescuetugHMSRoodeZee,workingfortheRoyalNavy,torpedoedbya GermanE-BoatoffDungenessandsunkwithallhercrew.
May1 AMustangcrashesintheBredeMarshes.Thepilot,RichardCHughes,isburntto death.
May12 LanceCorporalHerbertHobbsofRyekilledinactionnearCassinoservingwiththe 1/6thBattalion,EastSurreyRegiment.
May25 10:45.ATyphoonshotupincombat,landsinMerricksField,ManorFarm, Icklesham.
May27 ASpitfireof402Squadron,escortingabombingraidbyMitchellsonCormielles, crashesatAshesFarm,Icklesham.Thepilotbailsout.
June AJunkers88,shotdownoverWinchelseaatnight,crashesatBrookland,Kings StreetLane,atthelevelcrossing.
June RocketprojectorsagainstV1sinstalledalongtheRye-Winchelsearailwayline.
June ThefirstpetrolpipelinetoFranceunderoperationPLUTO(PipeLineUnderThe Ocean)iscompletedfromDungenesstoAmbleteusetosupplytheAlliedForces.
24
June7 At08:25,aUSAAFMarauder(B26)isshotdownbyfriendlyfire(otheraircraft testingtheirgunsbeforecrossingtheChannel),crashesatEastGuldeford, BlackhouseFarm,crewsafe.
June18 AV1damagesfourhousesandasearchlightpostatWickFarm,Udimore.
June21 01:52.A‘FlyB’(V1FlyingBomb)shotdownbytheRAFatHacking’sFarm,300yards southofCadboroughCliff.6sheep,4cattleand1horsekilled.
TheVI(alsoknownasa‘diver’,buzz-bomb,flyingbomb,or‘doodlebug’),wasa25’ longcruisemissilelaunchedonadirecttrajectoryfromsitesinNorthernFrance, aimedatLondon.MostofthetrajectorieswereovertheRyearea.TheV1sflewat 350-400mphatabout2,300feet.About8,000werelaunched,ofwhich2,300got through.Theywerecounteredbyacombinationofradar-guidedheavy3.7inch anti-aircraftandBoforsguns,fighteraircraftandballoons.Thegunsdevelopeda patternofexplodingshellsattherightheightabout700yardsaheadoftheV1.The protocolwasthatthegunscovered10,000yardsouttoseaand5,000yardsinland, withtheRAFfurtherouttoseaandbehindthegunsinlandandwithaballoon barragebeforeLondon.ConsiderablecareneededtobetakenwithAlliedaircraft, whichwereinstructedtodeviateregularlyfromtheircoursestoavoidbeing mistakenforadiver,evenwhentheywereflyinginlanesspecificallysetasidefor them.ThefightershadtodiveontheV1fromabovetomaketherequisitespeed andfireatarangeofbetween250to160yards,anycloserandtheaircraftrisked beingdestroyediftheV1exploded.Themostsuccessfulaircraftatshootingdown V1swereTempests,MosquitoesandSpitfires,andthebattlealsosawthefirstuse oftheRAF’sfirstjetfighter,theGlosterMeteor.Balloonshadsomesuccesses althoughsomeV1swerefittedwithcablecutters.TheV1swerefiredatarateof about100to200aday,sometimesinsalvosandincloudyweathertoconfusethe defences.Thebarrageonlystoppedwhenthelaunchingsiteswerecapturedbythe AlliesinFrance.TheRAFandtheUSAAFlostsome450aircraftand3000men attackingthelaunchsites.
June22 AUSAAFLiberator(B24)bombercrash-landsatDengeBeachafterbeingattacked byanFW190onaraidoverTourney-sur-BrieinFrance.Thetencrewallsurvive.
June23 20:50.V1shotdownbyRAFhitsYewTreeField,RoadEndFarm,Udimore. (Cottagesdamaged,slightcasualties).
June25 18Ryepropertiesdamagedbymachinegunattacksfromenemyaircraft (incidentR/25).
June27 V1shotdownnexttoIckleshamVicarage.
V1shotdown50yardssouthofFloatFarm,Udimore,damageto5dwellings.
June28 ATempestcrashesatEastGuldeford.
25
June29 V1shotdownbyRAFhitsMilitaryRoad,Rye,onekilledandthreeinjured. 55housesdamaged,onedestroyed(incidentR/26).
V1shotdown,destroysMountCottage,Militaryroad,Playden.
June30 V1shotdownoverLeasom,nocasualties,64housesdamaged(incidentR/27).
July1 05:45.AnRAFTempestfromNewchurchcrashesatRyeMarshFarm,Winchelsea, whileattackingaV1.Thepilot,FlyingOfficerTedKosh,aged21,waskilled.
July3 00:55.V1atCadboroughFarmHouse,UdimoreRd,152housesdamaged. Twopeoplekilled,othersinjured(incidentR28).
ATempestcrashesinHoughtonGreenlane,Playden.Thepilotiskilled.
July4 10:04.V1shotdownatDumbWoman’sLane,Udimore,threeinjured,several housesdamaged.Oneofthegunnersbasedheresaidthatalocalfarmer’sgeese couldbeheardgivingawarningsecondsbeforeV1sappearedonthebattery’s radarscreens.
July5 V1shotdowninChapellane,Iden,Ninepeopleinjured,onehousedestroyed othersdamaged.
July7 V1shotdownatRectoryLane,Iden.
July8 21:27.V1shotdownonCadboroughMarsh,nocasualties,73housesdamaged.
July10 V1explodesintheairbetweenRyeandRyeHarbour.Damageto73houses, nocasualties.
PrivateCharlesPayneofRyekilledinactioninNormandyservingwiththe7th Battalion,RoyalSussexRegiment.
July11 19:32.V1atGreyfriarsCliff,Winchelsea,damagesthreepremises.
July13 14:47.V1atChapelFields,Winchelsea,damages17dwellingsand14requisitioned properties.
July13to16 InstallationofOperationDivergunemplacements,rocketsatRyeHarbourMartello tower,ATSgirlsonCamberguns.Some1300gunsandsupportingradarequipment movedfromSouthofLondontoRye/Camberintwodays.ResidentsofRyeatthe timeremember,aboveall,theshatteringnoiseoftheconstantgunfire,dayand nightfornearlythreemonths.
26
July16 Lt.BobBenton’sUSAAFThunderbolt(P47),damagedescortingbombersinaraidon Nantes,crashesatIdenLock.Lt.Benton’sfootwasjammedinthecockpit,buthe managedtopulltheripcordandhisparachutepulledhimfromhisplaneatthelast minute.
July20 09:27.V1atRyeHarbourdamagesthreebuildings.
July22to28 Damageto34RyepropertiescausedbyAAfire,nocasualties.
July24 05:49.V1atRyeHarbourdamagestwohouses.
Jul29-Aug Damageto35propertiesfromAAfire.
August3 At12:30,CaptainJeanMaridor,aFrenchpilotoftheRAF91stSquadronwithten V1killstohisname,flyinghisSpitfireoverthecoastatRye,spottedaV1andgave chase.AstheV1madeitswaynorthherealisedthattheapparenttrajectoryofthe V1wasBenendenSchool-awartimehospital.Afterseveralattemptstoshootthe V1down,CaptainMaridor‘sfinalburstwasat50yardsandheandhisaircraftwere destroyedinthesubsequentexplosion.ThereisamemorialtohiminBenenden Church.
August4 V1shotdownNWofUdimoreRoad,damageto35properties.(incidentR/33).
V1atGreatFaggFarm,Udimore,damagesthefarmhouse.
August5-11 Damageto26RyepropertiesfromAAfire.
August11-18 DamagetosixRyepropertiesfromAAfire.
August14 04:23.V1shotdownontheSaltingsbehindtheRotherIronworks,twoslight casualties,damageto397properties.
August17 06:13.V1atRyeHarbourdamagesfivehouses.
August24 V1atRyeForeignkills10sheep.
August28 V1hitsRyeGolfClubonthe15thfairway,ruinstheclubhouse.
VIdestroysCamberChurchandsurroundingbuildings.
August29 16:54.V1attheMartelloToweratRyeHarbour.
August30 LastV1heardoverRye.
September9 AVenturacrashesatEastGuldeford.
September11WarrantOfficerJohnHallofRyekilledinactionoverGermanyservingwith514 Squadron,RAFVR.
27
September13CorporalRobertPenfoldofRyekilledinactioninItalyservingwith2/5thBattalion, RoyalWestSurreyRegiment.
September14LieutenantAlanSmithofRyekilledinactionnearRiminiservingwiththe12th Battalion,HampshireRegiment.
September17GunnerHenryBoothofRyekilledinactionatArnhemservingwiththe1stAir LandingAnti-tankregimentoftheRoyalArtillery.
September21ABostonaircraftcrashesatMoneypennyHouse,EastGuldeford.TheFrenchcrew escapebeforeitsbombsexplode.
October ItalianandGermanprisonersofwarworkinginagricultureontheRomneyMarsh.
October19 LeadingAircraftmanRichardGilesofRyelostonoperationsflyingfromMasirah Islandwith244Squadron,CoastalCommand.
October24 APiperCubcrashesnearRye.
November17 09:50.TheHastingslifeboatcalledouttoassistalandingcraftreportedindifficulty inveryheavyseasoffWinchelsea.Thelandingcraftwasforcedashoreat GallowaysnearLyddandthe29crewmadeittothebeachwhilethelifeboatwas capsizedbyahugeswell.ThecrewmanagedtorightitandreturnedtoHastings severelyshaken,thoughtheenginestartedfirsttime.
28
1945February6 AnAvroAnsoncrashesatLowerMarsham,Pett.
March28 AUSAAFFlyingFortress,returningdamagedfromadaylightraidonGermany, crashlandsontheforeshoreatRyeHarbour.
April20 Blackoutrestrictionslifted.
May8 Germanysurrenders.
[OneoftheBoroughofRye’snotableachievementsduringthewarwasthroughNationalSavings:atotalof£796,886wasraisedthroughNationalSavingsandassociatedefforts}.
29
PrincipalSourcesInformationfortheTimelineisderivedfromthefollowingpublicationsandrecords,withtheadditionofsomepersonalaccounts:
InvasionofEngland1940:ThePlanningofOperationSealion.PeterSchenk.ConwayMaritimePressLtd.1990
TheMinutesofRyeBoroughCouncilanditsEmergencySub-Committee1939-45(EastSussexRecordOffice,Lewes)
TheMinutesofBattleRuralDistrictCouncilEmergencySub-Committee1939-45(EastSussexRecordOffice,Lewes)
WinchelseaAPortofStrandedPride,MalcolmPratt.MalcolmPratt1998.
SussexPolicefiles1939-45.(EastSussexRecordOffice,Lewes)
TheRAFPhotographicSurveyfortheOrdnanceSurvey1945(EastSussexRecordOffice,Lewes)
CabinetOffice,WarOffice,Admiralty,RoyalAirForce,MinistryofShipping,andMinistryofHomeSecuritypapers.1939to1955(NationalArchives,Kew)
Rye’sWar.JosephineKirkhamEd.RyeMuseumAssociation2002
KentandSussex1940.StuartHylton.PenandSwordMilitaryBooks.2004
Front-LineSussex.PeterLongstaff-Tyrrell.SuttonPublishing.2000
Rye’sOwnMagazine
TheRyeMuseumanditswebsitewww.ryemuseum.co.uk
TheEnglishHeritageNationalMonumentsRecordwww.pastscape.org.uk/
TheDefenceofEastSussexProjectwww.pillbox.org.uk/
RyeLibraryanditswebresourceshttps://e-library.eastsussex.gov.uk/
RyeCollegeLocalHistoryGroup:
‘WingsoverRye’theRecollectionsofCliffordBloomfield.JosephineKirkham(Ed).No14intheRyeMemoriesSeries.ThomasPeacockeCommunityCollege.1994
RyeinWorldWarII.AddressbyJosephineKirkhamatRyeRemembranceDayService.November2009
TheWinchelseaMuseum
DunkirkTheNecessaryMyth,NicholasHarman,Coronet,1980
AllHellLetLoose,MaxHastings,2010
AMaritimeHistoryofRye,JohnCollard,ShortRunPress,1985
EastSussexunderAttack,ChrisButler,Tempus,2007
RomneyMarshatWar,EdwardCarpenter,SuttonPublishing,1999
DefendingSussexBeaches,JohnGoodwin,MiddletonPress,2010
TheSussexExpressandCountyHerald1939-45