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4/16/13 A Timeline of World Empires and Events
www.localhistories.org/world.html 1/29
A TIMELINE OF WORLD
HISTORY
By Tim Lambert
Part One: The Ancient World
C. 35,000 BC The Cro-Magnon people enter Europe
C. 9,000-8,000 BC Farming begins in the Middle East
C. 8,000 BC Jericho, the first walled town, is built
C. 6,500 BC
Catal Huyuk, a town in what is now Turkey flourishes
Farming begins in Northwest India
C. 6,000 BC
Farming spreads to Greece and later across Europe
Rice is cultivated in Thailand
C. 5,000 BC Farming begins in Egypt
C. 4,000 BC
Farming spreads to Northern Europe
The plough is invented in the Middle East
Bronze is used in the Middle East
C. 3,500 BC
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The sail is invented in Egypt
The potters wheel is invented in Iraq
C. 3,300 BC Writing develops in Sumer and Egypt
C. 3,000 BC Bronze is used in Thailand
C. 2,500 BC
Farming begins in Peru
The Minoan Civilisation arises on Crete
C. 2,250-1,250 BC
Stonehenge is built
Stonehenge
C. 2,000 BC
Bronze is used in Northern Europe and in China
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The Hittite Civilisation arises in what is now Turkey
C. 1.790 BC - 1,750 BC Hammurabi is king of Babylon
C. 1,700 BC The Indus Valley Civilisation arises
C. 1,600 BC The Mycenaean Civilisation in Greece arises
C. 1,200 BC
The Hittite Empire in Turkey collapses
The Olmec Civilisation in Mexico arises
C. 1,500 BC The Mycenaean Civilisation in Greece breaks down
C. 1,000 BC
King David rules Israel
C. 900 BC
The Phoenicians flourish is what is now Lebanon and go on long voyages
The Chavin civilisation arises in Peru
C. 880 BC The Assyrians of Northern Iraq begin to create a great empire
814 BC The Phoenicians found Carthage in Tunisia
C. 800 BC
A new civilisation arises in Greece
The Etruscan civilisation arises in Italy
776 BC The first Olympic Games are held in Greece
C. 750 BC Rome is founded
C. 650 BC
The Celts introduce iron tools and weapons into Britain
The Chinese begin using iron
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The Assyrian Empire is at its peak
620s BC The Assyrian Empire is split by civil war
612 BC A rebellion led by Babylon brings the Assyrian Empire to an end. TheBabylonians then create their own empire.
C. 600 BC Hindu Civilisation arises in India
C. 563 BC-483 BC Buddha lives
551-479 BC Kong-Fuzi or Confucius lives in China
559-529 BC Cyrus the Great founder of the Persian Empire reigns
550 BC Cyrus conquers Assyria
546 BC Cyrus conquers Lydia in Asia Minor
539 BC Babylon is captured by the Persians
525 BC The Persians conquer Egypt
490 BC The Greeks defeat the Persians at the Battle of Marathon
480 BC The Greeks defeat another Persian invasion
399 BC The Greek philosopher Socrates is condemned to death
391 BC The Romans defeat the Etruscans
C. 427-347 BC The Greek philosopher Plato lives
384-322 BC The Greek philosopher Aristotle lives
338 BC Philip of Macedon conquers Greece
334 BC Alexander the Great invades the Persian Empire
333 BC Alexander wins the Battle of Issus
332 BC Alexander conquers Egypt
330 BC Alexander controls all of the former Persian Empire
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323 BC Alexander dies and his general split his empire between them
C. 300 BC
The Dong Son civilisation arises in South East Asia. It is known for its stonemonuments and bronze work although the people also used iron.
273-236 BC The great Indian Emperor Asoka lives
264-241 BC The First Punic War between Rome and Carthage. Rome wins andgains Sicily.
218-201
The Second Punic War BC. The great Carthaginian general Hannibal leads anexpedition through Spain over the Alps against Rome.
217 BC Hannibal crushes the Romans at Lake Trasimene
216 BC Hannibal crushes the Romans at Cannae
214 BC Work begins on the Great Wall of China
206 BC The Romans defeat the Carthaginians in Spain. They take control ofsouthern Spain.
202 BC The Han dynasty is founded in China
200 BC The Chavin civilisation in Peru collapses
171 BC - 138 BC Mithradates is king of Parthia. He conquers an empire in Persia.
149-146 BC The Third Punic War. Rome destroys Carthage.
135 BC Roman slaves in Sicily rebel but are defeated
89 BC All Italians are given Roman citizenship
63 BC Roman general Pompey captures Jerusalem
58-51 BC Julius Caesar conquers Gaul
49 BC Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon
44 BC Julius Caesar is assassinated
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31 BC Octavian's fleet defeats the fleet of his rivals Mark Anthony and Cleopatra
30 BC Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire
C. 4 BC Jesus is born
C. 29 AD Jesus is crucified
43 AD The Romans invade Britain
C 45 AD Paul begins his missionary journeys
64 AD Most of Rome is destroyed by fire. Nero uses Christians as a scapegoat.
98-117 AD Trajan is Emperor of Rome. The Roman Empire reaches its peak.
220 AD The Han dynasty in China ends
224 AD In Persia a member of the Sassanid family kills the last Parthian king andfounds the Sassanid Empire
284-305 AD Diocletian is emperor of Rome. In 286 he divides the empire into twohalves, East and West.
313 AD Emperor Constantine tolerates Christianity
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Portchester Castle, a Roman fort
C. 400 AD Writing is introduced into Japan
407 AD Germanic tribes overrun Gaul
410 AD Led by Alaric the Goths capture Rome
434-453 AD Attila is king of the Huns
451 Attila the Hun is defeated at Chalons in France
455 AD The Vandals capture Rome
476 AD The Western Roman Empire ends completely
To read more about the Ancient World click here
Part Two: The Middle Ages
481-511 Clovis is king of the Franks. He marries a Christian and in 1496 becomes aChristian himself.
527-565 AD Justinian rules the Byzantine Empire (the Eastern Roman Empire)
C. 570 Mohammed is born
597 Augustine arrives in England to help convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity
C. 600 The Maya of Mexico are at their peak
618-907 The Tang Dynasty rules China
632 Mohammed dies
642 The Arabs conquer Egypt and Persia
698 The Arabs conquer Carthage in Tunisia
C. 700 Arab merchants begin to trade with Saharan cities
711 The Moors invade Spain
732 The Franks defeat the Moors at the Battle of Tours
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793 The Vikings raid Lindisfarne monastery. It is the first of many Viking raids.
800 Charlemagne is crowned Emperor. He rules a great Empire including France,Germany and North Italy.
814 Charlemagne dies. After his death his empire splits up.
843 Scotland is united
865-870 The Danes conquer Northern and Eastern England
871 Alfred the Great become king of Wessex (Southern England)
874 The Vikings settle Iceland
878 Alfred the Great defeats the Danes
911 A Viking chief named Rollo is granted land in Normandy by the French king
C. 950 The Maoris arrive in New Zealand
955 The Germans defeat the Magyars (ancestors of today's Hungarians) at theBattle of Lechfeld
976 The Great Byzantine emperor Basil II rules. He strengthens the ByzantineEmpire.
985 The Vikings settle Greenland
1014 Brian Boru, High King of Ireland defeats the Vikings at Clontarf
1044 A Burmese state is founded
1054 The Eastern (Orthodox) Church formally splits from the Western (Catholic)Church
1055 The Seljuk Turks, a people from Central Asia take Baghdad
1066 The Normans conquer England
1071 The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire at Manzikert
1076 The Seljuk Turks take Damascus and Jerusalem
1086 The Domesday Book, a survey of who owns the land in England, is written
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1096-1099 The First Crusade
1099 The Crusaders capture Jerusalem
1123 Omar Khayyam the Persian poet dies
1147-49 The Second Crusade
1171 Oxford University is founded when the English king orders all English studentsto return from France
1171 The English King Henry II makes himself Lord of Ireland
Bargate in Southampton built c 1180
1182-1226 Francis of Assisi lives
1187 Saladin recaptures Jerusalem
1189-1192 The Third Crusade
1206 Genghis Khan unites the Mongols and begins to build a huge empire
1211 The Mongols invade Northern China
1215 King John seals Magna Carta
1215-1274 Thomas Aquinas the Italian theologian lives
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1221The Mongols attack Delhi
1227 Genghis Khan dies
1236 The Mongols invade Russia
1241 The Mongols invade Poland and Hungary but they retreat after the death ofOgedei, Genghis Khan's son
1250 The Mamelukes take power in Egypt
1258 The Mongols capture Baghdad
1260 The Mamelukes of Egypt defeat the Mongols
1279 The Mongols capture Southern China
1281 A Mongol invasion of Japan fails
1283 The English complete the conquest of Wales
1290 Jews are expelled from England
A Merchant's House in Southampton
1300 Statues are erected on Easter Island
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1306 Jews are expelled from France
1314 The Battle of Bannockburn is fought. The Scots crush the English.
1324 Mansa Musa the great king of Mali goes on a pilgrimage to Mecca andimpresses everyone with his wealth
C. 1325 The Aztecs found their capital at Tenochtitlan
1337 The Hundred Years War begins between England and France
1340
The English win a naval battle at Sluys
The first recorded use of a gun in battle
C. 1340-1400 Geoffrey Chaucer lives
1347-1353 Europe is ravaged by the Black Death
1353 Ibn Battuta a Moroccan traveller reaches Timbuktu. He writes an account of histravels in West Africa.
1368 The Ming dynasty begins in China
1373 Treaty of friendship between England and Portugal
1381 In England the Peasants Revolt takes place
1369-1404
Tamerlane king of Samarkand builds up a great empire in Asia. He conquers Herat in1381 and destroys Delhi in 1398. In 1401 he takes Baghdad and in 1402 he defeatsthe Ottoman empire in Turkey.
1415
The English win another great victory at Agincourt
The Czech religious reformer Jan Hus is martyred
1429 The French win a victory at Orleans
1439 The Russian and Greek Orthodox Churches are formally separated
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1445 The printing press is invented
1453
The Hundred Years War ends with English defeat. The English lose all of theirterritory in France except Calais.
The Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople and bring the Byzantine Empire to anend
1476 Caxton introduces the printing press into England
1480 The Spanish Inquisition is formed
1485 Henry VII begins the Tudor dynasty in England
1488 Portuguese sailors reach the Cape of Good Hope
1492
Christopher Columbus sails across the Atlantic
Ferdinand and Isabella conquer Granada, the last Muslim stronghold in Spain
Part Three: The Modern World
1498 Portuguese sailors reach India
1514 Portuguese sailors reach Canton in China
C. 1500 Guru Nanak (1469-1539) founds the Sikh religion
1516 The Portuguese reach Vietnam by sea
1517 Martin Luther begins the Reformation. The Ottoman Turks conquer Egypt.
1521
Cortes conquers the Aztecs in Mexico
Ferdinand Magellan is killed in the Philippines
1522 The Ottoman Turks capture Belgrade
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1526 In India Babar founds the Mogul Empire
1530 The Portuguese settle in Brazil
1533 Pizarro conquers the Incas
1534 King Henry VIII becomes head of the Church of England
1536 The Bible translator William Tyndale is martyred
1541
John Knox begins the Reformation in Scotland
The Turks conquer Hungary
1543
Copernicus publishes his theory that the Earth orbits the Sun
Portuguese sailors reach Japan
Southsea Castle built 1544
1545 The English ship The MaryRose sinks near Portsmouth
1547-1584 Ivan the Terrible rules Russia
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1564 Christopher Marlowe is born. William Shakespeare is born. Galileo is born.
1556-1605 Akbar the Great rules over the Mogul Empire
1565 The Turks fail to capture Malta
1568 The Dutch rebel against Spanish rule
1571 The Turkish fleet is badly defeated by Spanish and Venetian ships
1572 The St Bartholomew's Day massacre takes place. Thousands of FrenchProtestants are murdered.
1580 Spain annexes Portugal
1587
Mary Queen of Scots is executed
Akbar takes Kashmir
1588 The Spanish Armada is defeated
1592
In India Akbar the Great conquers Sind
An Englishman named John Davis discovers the Falkland Islands
1603 Queen Elizabeth I of England dies, ending the Tudor dynasty. The Scottishking inherits the English throne. He is now King James VI of Scotland and KingJames I of England.
1605 In England a group of Catholics attempt to blow up parliament in theGunpowder Plot
1607 The English found Jamestown, Virginia the first permanent English colony in
North America
1608 John Milton is born. The French found Quebec.
1610
Henry Hudson discovers Hudson Bay.
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Galileo writes his book The Sidereal Messenger in which he describes hisobservations of the heavens with a telescope.
1611 The King James Bible is published
1614 John Napier invents logarithms
1618-1648 The Thirty Years War is fought in Germany
1611-1632 Gustavus Adolphus king of Sweden and a brilliant general reigns
1620 English Puritans sail to New England in The Mayflower
1622 England sends its first ambassador to Turkey
1626 The Dutch found New Amsterdam, which later becomes New York
1627-1658 Shah Jahn, Mogul Emperor expands his empire
1628 William Harvey publishes his book about the circulation of the blood
17th century houses in Portsmouth
1636 Harvard College is founded
1639 Japan isolates itself from the outside world
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1640 Portugal rebels against Spanish rule
1642-1646 In England Civil War between King and Parliament
1642 Abel Tasman discovers Tasmania
1644 In China the Ming dynasty is overthrown. The Manchu dynasty takes over.
1648 Spain recognises Dutch independence
1649 Charles I is executed
1652 The Dutch found a colony in South Africa
1653 Oliver Cromwell makes himself Lord Protector of England. He rules until hisdeath in 1658.
1655 England takes Jamaica from Spain
1661 Robert Boyle publishes his book the Sceptical Chemist
1664 The English capture New Amsterdam, which is renamed New York
1666 The Great Fire of London devastates the English capital
1683 The Ottoman Turks besiege Vienna but fail to capture the city
1687
The Austrians defeat the Turks at the Battle of Mohacs. The Turkish Ottoman Empirebegins a long, slow decline.
Isaac Newton publishes a book describing his theory of gravity and his laws ofmotion
1688
The Glorious Revolution in England. King James II flees abroad and parliamentinvites a Dutchman, William of Orange to take his place.
1689 Peter the Great becomes Tsar of Russia
C 1690 In India the Mogul Empire is at its height
1692 In New England the Salem Witch Trials take place
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1699 William Dampier sails along the Northwest coast of Australia
1707
England and Scotland are united
The Mogul Empire in India begins to break down
1700-1721 The Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia is fought
1701-1714 The War of the Spanish Succession is fought
1704
The British capture Gibraltar from Spain
Forces led by the Duke of Marlborough defeat the French at the Battle of Blenheim
1709
The Russians defeat the Swedes at the Battle of Poltava
Abraham Darby begins using coke to smelt iron
1718 The French found New Orleans
1722 Jacob Roggeveen discovers Samoa and Easter Island
1721-1742 Robert Walpole is the first British prime minister
1728 Vitus Bering explores the Bering Straits
1733 Georgia, the last of the original 13 colonies is founded
1739 John Wesley founds the Methodist Movement in England
1740-1786 Frederick the Great rules Prussia
1740-1748 The War of the Austrian Succession
1752 Benjamin Franklin shows that lightning is a form of electricity
1755 Lisbon is devastated by an earthquake
1756-1763 The Seven Years War is fought
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1757 The British defeat the French at Plassey in India ensuring that India willbecome a British colony
1759 The British defeat the French at Quebec ensuring Canada becomes British
1762-1796 Catherine the Great rules Russia
1769
Captain Cook sails to New Zealand
James Watt patents an efficient steam engine
Franciscan friars found a mission at Los Angeles
1770 The Boston massacre
1772 The first Partition of Poland takes place. Russia, Prussia and Austria helpthemselves to Polish territory.
1773 The Boston Tea Party
1775-1783 The American War of Independence
1780 The Industrial Revolution begins to transform life in Britain
1781 William Herschel discovers Uranus
1788
The first settlers arrive in Australia from Britain
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A Monument to the first fleet to Australia
1789
The French Revolution begins
George Washington becomes the first president of the USA
1793
King Louis XVI is executed.
War begins between Britain and France
Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin
The second Partition of Poland
1795 The third and final Partition of Poland
1799 Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in France
1804 Hobart the capital of Tasmania is founded. Haiti becomes independent.
1805 The French defeat the Austrians at Austerlitz but are defeated by the British atTrafalgar
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HMS Victory a ship that fought at Trafalgar
1806
The British take the Dutch colony of South Africa
The French crush the Prussians at the Battle of Jena
1807 Britain abolishes the slave trade
1812 Napoleon's invasion of Russia ends in disaster
1812-1870 Charles Dickens lives
1813 Napoleon is defeated at Leipzig
1814 Napoleon abdicates
1815 Napoleon escapes from exile and becomes emperor of France again but he isdefeated at Waterloo
1816 Argentina becomes independent
1818 Chile becomes independent
1818 Shaka founds the Zulu Empire in southern Africa
1820 The Spanish Inquisition is abolished
1821 Mexico, Peru and Guatemala become independent
1825 Bolivia becomes independent
1828 Shaka the Zulu emperor is murdered
1829
The Swan River Colony in Western Australia is founded. It develops into the city ofPerth.
Following 7 years of fighting Greece becomes independent of Turkey
C. 1830 The Industrial Revolution spreads to France, Germany and the USA
1834 The British settle Port Phillip Bay. It grows into the city of Melbourne.
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1839-1842 The Opium War between Britain and China is fought. China leases HongKong to Britain.
1840 Britain annexes New Zealand
1845-1851 Potato famine in Ireland
1846-1848 War between Mexico and the USA. Mexico is forced to surrender much ofher territory.
1848 Revolutions break out across Europe
1852-1870 Napoleon III, nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte is dictator of France
1853 The USA forces Japan to allow foreign trade
1854-1856 The Crimean War is fought. Britain, France and Turkey versus Russia.
1855 David Livingstone discovers the Victoria Falls
1857-1858 The Indian Mutiny
HMS Warrior launched 1860
1861
Italy is united
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Russian serfs are made free
1861-1865 The American Civil War is fought
1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated
1867 Canada becomes a dominion
1868 In Japan a period of rapid economic growth and change begins
1870-1871 The Franco-Prussian War is fought. Napoleon III falls from power andFrance surrenders.
Germany becomes a united country.
1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone
1879
Edison invents an electric light bulb
The War of the Pacific is fought. Chile fights Bolivia and Peru.
1885 The car is invented
1890 The massacre of Wounded Knee ends the Indian Wars in the USA
The industrial revolution spreads to Sweden and Russia
1893 Women in New Zealand are given the vote
1894 In France Alfred Dreyfus is convicted of treason
1898 War between the USA and Spain. The USA takes the Philippines.
1899-1902 The Boer War in South Africa
1900 The Boxer Rebellion in China
1901 The Australian colonies are united to form the Commonwealth of Australia
1903
The first aeroplane flies
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Panama becomes independent
1904-1905 War between Russia and Japan
1905
Revolution in Russia
Norway becomes independent from Sweden
1906 An earthquake strikes San Francisco
1907 New Zealand becomes a dominion
1908 Bulgaria becomes independent of Turkey
1910 Revolution takes place in Portugal
1911
Revolution takes place in China
Amundsen reaches the South Pole
1912 The Titanic sinks
1914
The First World War begins
The Panama Canal opens
1916
Tanks are used for the first time
In Ireland the Easter Rising takes place
Rasputin is murdered
1917
The USA joins the war
Communists seize power in Russia
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1918 Germany surrenders
1919 Germany is forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which causes muchresentment in that country
1921 Southern Ireland becomes independent
1922 Mussolini seizes power in Italy
1927 Canberra becomes the federal capital of Australia
1928
Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
Stalin gains complete power in Russia. He introduces the first Five Year Plan
1929 The Wall Street Crash in the USA begins a world-wide depression
1933
Adolf Hitler becomes ruler of Germany
Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes president of the USA
1936 The German army occupies the Rhineland (breaking the Treaty of Versailles)
1936-1939 The Spanish Civil War is fought. Franco becomes dictator of Spain.
1938 The Germans take Austria
1939
Germany invades Poland so Britain and France declare war on Germany
Russia attacks Finland
1940
The Katyn Massacre takes place
Germany conquers Norway, Holland, Belgium and France
Winston Churchill becomes prime minister of Britain
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1941
Germany conquers Yugoslavia and Greece and invades Russia
Japan attacks the USA at Pearl Harbor
1942
The USA defeats Japan at Midway Island
The British defeat the Germans at El Alamein
1943
The Russians defeat the Germans at Stalingrad and Kursk
German forces in North Africa surrender and allied forces invade Italy
1944 Allied forces invade France
1945 Germany and Japan surrender
1947 India becomes independent
1947-1948 Communists gain power in Eastern Europe
1948
Israel is created
Burma becomes independent
The transistor is invented
A civil war is fought in Costa Rica
1949
Communists gain power in China
Indonesia becomes independent
1950 China invades Tibet
1951 Libya becomes independent
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1953 Stalin dies
1956 Morocco becomes independent
1957 The EEC (forerunner of the EU) is created
1958 Charles de Gaulle becomes president of France
1960
Echo, the first communications satellite is launched
Senegal becomes independent
1961-1973 The USA becomes involved in the Vietnam War
1961
Tanzania becomes independent
Communists build the Berlin Wall
1962
The Cuban Missile Crisis takes place
Uganda becomes independent
Jamaica becomes independent
1963 President John Kennedy is assassinated
1964
Malawi and Zambia become independent
In the USA The Civil Rights Act is passed in the USA
1965 Gambia becomes independent
1966 Botswana becomes independent
1967
War between the Arab states and Israel
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The first heart transplant is performed
1969
Charles de Gaulle resigns as president of France
Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to set foot on the Moon
1971 Women in Switzerland are allowed to vote
1972 Ceylon changes its name to Sri Lanka
1973
Britain, Denmark and Ireland join the EU
Sydney Opera House is opened.
1974 President Richard Nixon resigns after the Watergate Scandal
1975
General Franco, dictator of Spain dies. Spain becomes a monarchy again.
Communists capture South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.
Mozambique becomes independent.
1977 King Juan Carlos restores democracy in Spain
1979 The Shah of Iran is overthrown
1980 Solidarity, an independent trade union is formed in Poland
1981
The space shuttle is launched
Belize becomes independent
1983 Democracy is restored in Argentina
1985 Democracy is restored in Brazil
1986 President Marcos is removed from power in the Philippine. Corazon Aquino
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takes over.
1989
The Chinese army crushes a mass demonstration in Tiananmen Square, Beijing
Communism collapses in East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia andRomania
1990
Germany is reunited
Lech Walesa become President of Poland
1991
Communism collapses in the Soviet Union. It then breaks up into separate states
The Gulf War is fought in Iraq
Elections are held in Albania
1992
The EU nations recognise Croatia and Slovenia as independent nations
Rioting takes place in Los Angeles when white policemen are acquitted of assaultinga black driver, Rodney King
1993 Czechoslovakia splits into the Czech Republic and Slovakia
1994 Nelson Mandela becomes president of South Africa
1995 Sweden, Finland and Austria join the EU
1997 Hong Kong is returned to China
2001
A terrorist attack on New York takes place
Greece unwisely joins the Euro
2004 Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia,
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Slovenia and Cyprus all join the EU
2007 Bulgaria and Romania join the EU
2008
A cyclone strikes Burma.
An earthquake strikes China.
2010 Haiti is devastated by an earthquake
2011 Dictators flee from Tunisia and Egypt. A revolution also takes place in Libya.The dictator is killed.
A timeline of World Empires
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