I N S T I T U T E F O R S T R U C T U R E A N D N U C L E A R A S T R O P H Y S I C S

N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R Y

A University-based cyclotron laboratory for nuclear science

Maxime Brodeur

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YImportance of low-E NP research

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

Goal: understand the atomic nucleus

• Fundamental symmetries• Nuclear astrophysics• Nuclear structure

By providing stable ion beams and some RIBs, ARUNA currently contributes in all subfields.

Three main topics of studies in the low-energy domain:

These beams are however of limited reach

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YThe problem

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

• CARIBU/ATLAS at ANL• NSCL

Main options to perform experiments with exotic beams in the USA:

Highly competitive large user facilities

• Beam request largely exceed available time

Proposed

Accepted

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YSide-effects

Result: reduced experimental time

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

• Experiments requiring time cannot be performed• Few measurements can be done yearly

The 2013 low-energy community meeting statement:

“The community is concerned about the lack of beam time at existing facility and its impact on the workforce development”

Propose to locally produce RIBs to address this need

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R Y

Local RIB production• p-induced fission• p from 24 MeV commercial cyclotron• Ip ~ 500mA• H- machine; 2 simultaneous beams

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

1.1 barn at 24 MeV

TR24 from ACSI

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YPartnership

• Shared use of cyclotron with private partner• Production of medical radioisotopes (99mTc, …)

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

• The cyclotron and building will be financed by Notre Dame and the medical isotope company.

• Operation of the cyclotron and operational costs (e.g. utilities) provided by the company

CyclotronNotre Dame Isotope

production

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YPartnership

• Day-time use for research (simultaneous also possible)• Lots of beam availability for nuclear experiments

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

CyclotronNotre Dame Isotope

production

• Place where long-term and more challenging measurements can be done…

• … while measurements on exceptionally exotic nuclei would be done at FRIB

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Long-term, challenging measurements• m and Pn of exotic, relevant r-process nuclei

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

Produced at low yield (<1 ion/h), requires long time (weeks) to perform the measurement

• abn of mirror transition to test the electroweak interaction

Challenging measurement requiring large statistics of long half-lived nuclei (t1/2 reaching 20 min.)

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YRIB production method• IG-ISOL method• Universal • Well-established• Versatile

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

• Fission (n-rich, r-process)• Fusion-evaporation (p-rich,

mirror transitions)

Can change targets for optimal production

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YCalculated deliverable yields

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

238U(p,f)

Ep = 30 MeV

Ip = 10 mA

• Comparable to CARIBU with 1 Ci 252Cf source

• Different yield distribution (complementary)

Figure from J. Aysto

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YRIB separation

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

24 MeV pfrom cyclotron

Fission product

24 MeV pfrom cyclotron

• Non-isobaric contamination removed by dipole magnet

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YIsobaric purification

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

24 MeV pfrom cyclotron

RFQ cooler and buncher

MR-TOF mass separator or spectrometer

• Isobaric contamination removed by a multi-reflection time-of-flight separator

• Can also be used for mass measurements

Bunches from RFQ

Pure bunches to Paul trap

Recall Yuan Mei’s talk

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YExperimental possibilities

• b-delayed n-emission BR • abn of mirror transitions

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

Ion trap measurements:

Co

24 MeV pfrom cyclotron

RFQ cooler and buncher

MR-TOF mass separator or spectrometer

Paul trap for Pn measurements

Could also measure t1/2, …open to suggestions

Or experiments with the protons themselves; e.g. STAR

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R Y

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

70 Pn that CARIBU cannot produce

Which Pn can be done?

Total of 160 Pn

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YApplied physics research opportunities

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

• Some measurements also have applied physics interests

e.g. Pn values are important for:

• The design of next generation nuclear reactors

• Stockpile stewardship

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YApplied physics research opportunities

• Medical radioisotopes research

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

e.g. Alternate means to produce 99mTc

• Used in 80% of nucl. med. procedures• Generated from 99Mo decay, which is

produced by fission in reactors• In 2016: 2 reactors responsible to 2/3

world supply set to close

• Alternative: 100Mo(p,2n) reaction using cyclotrons• Issue: purity of 99mTc produced• Contamination production s calculation done at UND (Couder)• s measurements are underway (Couder)

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YConclusion

• The new RIB facility will help the nuclear physics community with beam time shortage.

• This unique American IG-ISOL facility would provide a training opportunity in tomorrow’s scientific workforce

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

• The cyclotron facility will allow various funding opportunities

• Like other ARUNA facilities, the unfair advantage of this facility over large user facilities is time.

• Allows to make long-term measurements that cannot be done at large facilities

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R Y

Backup slides

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

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RIB cooling and bunching

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

24 MeV pfrom cyclotron

RFQ cooler and buncher

Continuous beam

Cooled bunches

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N U C L E A R S C I E N C E L A B O R A T O R YPn measurements

ARUNA workshop – June 13, 2014

24 MeV pfrom cyclotron

RFQ cooler and buncher

MR-TOF mass separator or spectrometer

Paul trap for Pn measurements