A Walk Through the Bible With Bro. Bill Parker Sr. Lesson 11 The Major Prophets Lesson 11 The Major Prophets Praise Chapel Puget Sound

A Walk Through the Bible

With Bro. Bill Parker Sr.

A Walk Through the Bible

With Bro. Bill Parker Sr.

Lesson 11 The Major Prophets

Lesson 11 The Major Prophets

Praise Chapel Puget Sound

The “Major” Prophets

• Isaiah– The Messianic Prophet

• Jeremiah– The Divine Judgment Upon the Nation(s)

• Ezekiel– The Coming Restoration

• Daniel– The Times of the Gentiles

Jehoram 8Ahaziah 1Athaliah 6Joash 40Amaziah 29Uzziah 52

Jotham 16Ahaz 16Hezekiah 29Manasseh 55Amon 2Josiah 31Jehoahaz (3 mos)Jehoiakim 11Jehoiakin (3 mos)Zedekiah 11

Jehoram12

Jehu28

Jehoahaz17

Jehoash16

Jeroboam II41

Zechariah½

Shallum(1 mo)

Menahem10

Pekahiah 2

Pekah20

Hoshea 9

Babylonian Captivity

2nd Kings & 2 Chronicles 2nd Kings

Isaiah

Elisha

The Southern Kingdom The Northern Kingdom

IsaiahJeremiahEzekielDaniel

Major Prophets

Jeremiah

Daniel

Ezekiel

The Prophet IsaiahThe Messianic Prophet

• Quoted in the NT more than any other prophet

• Style loftier than Shakespeare, Milton, or Homer

• One of the greatest discoveries of the Dead Sea Scrolls was a complete copy of the Book of Isaiah.

The Shadow of Assyria

• For 150 years, Assyria on the rise– Isaiah witnessed

• deportation of Northern Kingdom• ruin of entire nation, except for Jerusalem

• 701 BC: Assyrians stopped at the walls of Jerusalem by an angel of God

• Sennacherib, King of Assyria, (even 20 years later) never again came against Jerusalem

Overview

Principal Messages• Judgment for lack of loyalty, sin• Coming Restoration (Nevertheless)• Coming Messiah through House of DavidStylistic Peculiarities

– Telescoping Perspectives• Dynamic “focal lengths”: near & distant• Double References

– Incidental insights en route

Highlights

• Messianic Prophecies – (exceeded only by Psalms)

• Vision of the Throne of God 6• The Incarnation 7, 9• The Doom of Babylon 13, 14• The Fall of Lucifer 14• Letter to Cyrus 45• The Messiah and His Atonement 53• The Second Coming 63• The Millennium 65, 66• Addendum: Two Isaiahs?

A Plot against the Throne

• Rezin, King of Syria, and Pekah, King of Israel, mounted an expedition to depose Ahaz and place a “Son of Tabeal” on the throne of Judah.

• This was an attempt to make a full end of the House of David

• It would not “come to pass.” Isaiah 7:7

A Sign to the House of David

Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above.

But Ahaz said, I will not ask, neither will I tempt the LORD.

And he said, Hear ye now, O house of David; Is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will ye weary my God also?

Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, [the] virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

Isaiah 7:11-14

The Supernatural King

For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace.

Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this. Isaiah 9:6, 7

Isaiah 5313 Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted

and extolled, and be very high.14 As many were astonished at thee; his visage was so marred

more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men:15 So shall he sprinkle many nations; the kings shall shut their

mouths at him: for that which had not been told them shall they see; and that which they had not heard shall they consider. Isaiah 52:13-15

1 Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the LORD revealed?

2 For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. Isaiah 53:1

Isaiah 53

3 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.

4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.

5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.

6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.

Isaiah 53

3 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.

4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted.

5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.

6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.

Isaiah 53

7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.

8 He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken.

9 And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth.

Isaiah 53

10 Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise him; he hath put him to grief: when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin, he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days, and the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.

11 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.

12 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors.

12 Key Points• Comes in absolute lowliness: “a root out of a dry ground”• He was “Despised and rejected of men”• Suffered for sins, and in the place of, others: ourselves!• God Himself caused the suffering to be vicarious • Absolute resignation: “He opened not his mouth.”• Died as a felon, “from prison and judgment”• Cut off prematurely, “out of the land of the living”• Personally guiltless; “no violence nor deceit in his mouth”• He was to live on after his sufferings: “prolong his days”• YHWH’s “pleasure would prosper in his hand”• Mighty triumph after his suffering: “Divide spoil…”• By all this God “would justify many”

Isaiah 53Yeshua is my name

ymv [wvyHis Signature

wmytxmMessiah

xyvmNazarene

ryznGalilee

lylg Shiloh

hlyvPharisee

vwrpLevites

~ywlCaiaphas

hpykAnnas

!n[Passover

xspThe man Herod

drwh vyaWicked Caesar perish

dka lm[ rsyq

The Evil Roman City ymwr ry[ [r

Let Him be crucified blcy

Moriah mryh

Cross klc

Pierce rqd

From the Atonement Lamb alj rpkm

Bread ~xlh

Wine !yy

Obeddb[

Jesse yvy

Seed [rz

Water ~ym

Jonah hnwy

Isaiah 53

The Disciples mourn !na ~ydml

Peter hpk

Matthew yttm

John !nxwy

Andrew yrdnaPhilip

@lypThomas amwtJames

bq[yJames

bq[y

Simon !w[mv

Thaddaeusydt

Matthias hytm

Mary ~yrm

Mary ~yrm

Mary ~yrm

Salome tymlvJoseph pswy

Ministry Mandate

The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek;

He hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound;

To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD.

Isaiah 61:1,2

Ministry Mandate

The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek;

He hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound;

To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the Day of Vengeance of our God…

Isaiah 61:1,2

Two Isaiahs?

“Isaiah I”? Chapters 1 – 39– Day of YHWH

• Judah• Israel• Nations• Jerusalem

– Historical Addendum

“Isaiah II”? Chapter 40 – 66– The Suffering Servant 53

– The Consummation

Deutero-Isaiah Fallacy

• Argued from stylistic distinctives• Refuted by

–Style, images, vocabulary, constructions–Comprehension of the overall design –LXX ascriptions–Old Testament Pre-exile quotations–New Testament quotations

Quotes in the Gospel of JohnThat the saying of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled,

which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report?

and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed? John 12:38 (Isaiah 53:1)

Therefore they could not believe, because

that Isaiah said again, John 12:39

He hath blinded their eyes, and hardened their heart;

that they should not see with their eyes, nor understand

with their heart, and be converted, and I should heal them. These things said Isaiah, when he saw his glory,

and spake of him. John 12:40, 41 (Isaiah 6:9, 10)

The Panorama of History

Abraham

The Exodus

David

The Nation Israel

Exile

BC/AD10002000


Monarchy Post-Exile

Major Prophets

Minor Prophets

Rehoboam 17Abijam 3Asa 41

Jehoshaphat 25

Jehoram 8Ahaziah 1Athaliah 6Joash 40Amaziah 29Azariah (Uzziah) 52


Jeroboam 22

Nadab 2

Baasha 24

Elah 2

Zimri (1 wk)

Omri 12

Ahab 22

Ahaziah 2

Jehoram 12

Jehu 28

Jehoahaz 17

Jehoash 16

Jeroboam II 41

Zechariah ½

Shallum (1 mo)

Menahem 10

Pekahiah 2

Pekah 20

Hoshea 9

JudahThe Southern Kingdom


Assyrian Captivity

IsraelThe Northern Kingdom

1st Kings

2nd Kings

1st Kings

2nd Kings

Joel

Amos

IsaiahMicah

Zephaniah

JeremiahHabakkuk

Obadiah

Ellijah

Elisha

Jonah

Hosea

Nahum

DanielEzekiel

iah 29 nasseh 55 mon 2Josiah 31 ZephaniahJehoahaz (3 mos)Jehoiakim 11 JeremiahJehoiakin (3 mos) HabakkukZedekiah 11 Obadiah

Babylonian Captivity Daniel Ezekie


Jehoshaphat 25



Jeroboam 22

Nadab 2

Baasha 24

Elah 2

Zimri (1 wk)

Omri 12

Ahab 22

Ahaziah 2

Jehoram 12

Jehu 28

Jehoahaz 17

Jehoash 16

Jeroboam II 41

Zechariah ½

Shallum (1 mo)

Menahem 10

Pekahiah 2

Pekah 20

Hoshea 9



Assyrian Captivity


1st Kings

2nd Kings

1st Kings

2nd Kings

Joel

Amos

IsaiahMicah

Zephaniah

JeremiahHabakkuk

Obadiah

Ellijah

Elisha

Jonah

Hosea

Nahum

DanielEzekiel

iah 29 nasseh 55 mon 2Josiah 31 ZephaniahJehoahaz (3 mos)Jehoiakim 11 JeremiahJehoiakin (3 mos) HabakkukZedekiah 11 Obadiah

Babylonian Captivity Daniel Ezekie

JeremiahThe Weeping Prophet

• Commissioned 1

• Prophecies Before the Fall of JerusalemGeneral and Undated 2 - 20

Specific and Dated (Last 4 of Judah’s kings) 21 - 39

• Prophecies After Fall of Jerusalem 40 - 44Carried to Egypt

• Prophecies Upon Gentile NationsEgypt, Philistines, Moab, Ammon, Edom, Damascus, Elam 45 - 59

Doom of Babylon 50 - 51

• Jerusalem Overthrown 52

“The Weeping Prophet”

• One of the bravest, tenderest, most pathetic figures in history; a patriot as well as a prophet

• Ministered over 40 years, (80 years after Isaiah)– 2 Kings: Most tragic national record ever written– In 40 years, never had a grateful response– Paralleled in our own nation?

“Oh that my head were waters, and mine eyes a fountain of tears, that I might weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people!” Jeremiah 9:1

Another Weeping ProphetThe Purpose of All History:

O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings …

The Tragedy of All History:… but ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.

The Triumph of All History:For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, until ye shall say, Blessed is He that cometh in the name of the Lord.

Matthew 23:37-39

Highlights

• Key ThemeThe Process of Divine Judgment in National LifeGod has not abandoned His Throne– Jerusalem: “I will punish; I will restore”

• Specifies precisely the 70 year captivity 25

– Blood Curse on JeconiahThus saith the LORD, Write ye this man childless, a man that shall not prosper in his days: for no man of his seed shall prosper, sitting upon the throne of David, and ruling any more in Judah. 22:30

• The New Covenant 31:31

• The Doom of Babylon 50, 51

The Doom of Babylon

• Destruction of Babylon Isaiah 13, 14; Jeremiah 50, 51

– “Never to be inhabited”– “Building materials never reused”– “Like Sodom and Gomorrah”

• Fall of Babylon 539 BC

– Without a battle– Became Alexander’s capital– Atrophied over the centuries– Presently being rebuilt

• “Mystery Babylon?” Revelation 17-18


Jehoshaphat 25



Jeroboam 22

Nadab 2

Baasha 24

Elah 2

Zimri (1 wk)

Omri 12

Ahab 22

Ahaziah 2

Jehoram 12

Jehu 28

Jehoahaz 17

Jehoash 16

Jeroboam II 41

Zechariah ½

Shallum (1 mo)

Menahem 10

Pekahiah 2

Pekah 20

Hoshea 9



Assyrian Captivity


1st Kings

2nd Kings

1st Kings

2nd Kings

Joel

Amos

IsaiahMicah

Zephaniah

JeremiahHabakkuk

Obadiah

Ellijah

Elisha

Jonah

Hosea

Nahum

DanielEzekiel

2 ah 31 Zeph hoahaz (3 mos)Jehoiakim 11 JeremiahJehoiakin (3 mos) HabakkukZedekiah 11 Obadiah

Babylonian Captivity Daniel Ezekiel


Jehoshaphat 25



Jeroboam 22

Nadab 2

Baasha 24

Elah 2

Zimri (1 wk)

Omri 12

Ahab 22

Ahaziah 2

Jehoram 12

Jehu 28

Jehoahaz 17

Jehoash 16

Jeroboam II 41

Zechariah ½

Shallum (1 mo)

Menahem 10

Pekahiah 2

Pekah 20

Hoshea 9



Assyrian Captivity


1st Kings

2nd Kings

1st Kings

2nd Kings

Joel

Amos

IsaiahMicah

Zephaniah

JeremiahHabakkuk

Obadiah

Ellijah

Elisha

Jonah

Hosea

Nahum

DanielEzekiel

2 ah 31 Zeph hoahaz (3 mos)Jehoiakim 11 JeremiahJehoiakin (3 mos) HabakkukZedekiah 11 Obadiah

Babylonian Captivity Daniel Ezekiel

Ezekiel

• A priest/prophet, like Jeremiah• One of 10,000 captives taken in the 2nd

siege of Nebuchadnezzar, 11 years before the final overthrow of Jerusalem

The Book of Ezekiel

• Present Judgments on Jerusalem– Similes and visions– 430 “Days”? 4

• The Future Destinies of the Nations– Origin & Destiny of Satan 28

• Restoration of the Nation Israel– The Valley of Dry Bones 36, 37– Gog and Magog 38, 39

• The Millennium 40-48

Strange Similes

• He shuts himself up in his home. • He binds himself. • He is struck dumb. • He was to lie on his right and his left sides for

a total of 430 days. • He ate bread that was prepared in an unclean

manner. • He shaved his head and beard, which was

considered a shame in his particular calling.

Vision of the Throne of GodEzekiel 1 & 10 (Cf. Isaiah 6, Revelation 4)

Cherubim Lion

Ox

Man

Eagle

Camps Judah

Ephraim

Reuben

Dan

Gospels Matthew

Mark

Luke

John

430 Years?430 (years) of judgment Ezekiel 4:1-8

430 – 70 [Babylon] = 360 unaccounted for

“And if ye will not yet for all this hearken unto me,then I will punish you seven times more for your sins.” Leviticus 26: 18, 21, 24, 28

360 x 7 = 2520 years?

Calendar Reconciliation

2520360 = 2483365 + 9 mos + 21 days :

Julian year = 11m 10.46 sec > mean solar yearGregorian Reform: 11 days removed

Leap Years: 2483/4 = 621 (3 excess ea. 4 centuries: 18 excess)621 - (18-11) = 614 days

2483 x 365 = 905,295

9 months = 27021 days = 21

2520360 = 907,200 days

1st Siege

“Servitude of the Nation”

“Desolations of Jerusalem”

Decree ofArtaxerxes

2nd Siege

3rd Siege

Babylon

Decree ofCyrus

Triggers the 70 Weeks of Daniel

Restoration of NationMay 14, 1948

Restoration of JerusalemJune 7,1967

2520 years

2520 years?

“Servitude of the Nation”

• 70 years360

= 25,200 days = 69 years360

(less 2 days)

• 606 BC + 69 years = 537 BC• If July 23, 537 BC was their release:

-537y 7m 23d

+1 (no “year 0”)

2483y 9m 21d

1948 5 14

• On May 14, 1948, the nation of Israel was restored.

“Desolations of Jerusalem”

• 70 years360

= 25,200 days = 69 years360

(less 2 days)

• 587 BC + 69 years = 518 BC • If August 16, 518 BC was the completion of the walls:

-518y 8m 16d

+1 (no “year 0”)

2483y 9m 21d

1967 6 7

• On June 7, 1967, the Biblical city of Jerusalem was restored to the nation.

The Origin of Satan

• Isaiah 14–The 5 “I Wills”

• Ezekiel 28– “The Anointed Cherub that Covereth”

• Revelation 12–Summary of Satan’s attempts to thwart the

Plan of Redemption

The Ambition of Satan

How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! how art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations!

For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north:I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the most High. Isaiah 14:12-14

The Destiny of Satan

Yet thou shalt be brought down to hell, to the sides of the pit.

They that see thee shall narrowly look upon thee, and consider thee, saying, Is this the man that made the earth to tremble, that did shake kingdoms;

That made the world as a wilderness, and destroyed the cities thereof; that opened not the house of his prisoners? Isaiah 14:15-17

Satan’s Origin

Thus saith the Lord GOD; Thou sealest up the sum, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty.

Thou hast been in Eden the garden of God; every precious stone was thy covering, the sardius, topaz, and the diamond, the beryl, the onyx, and the jasper, the sapphire, the emerald, and the carbuncle, and gold: the workmanship of thy tabrets and of thy pipes was prepared in thee in the day thou wast created.

Thou art the anointed cherub that covereth; and I have set thee so: thou wast upon the holy mountain of God; thou hast walked up and down in the midst of the stones of fire.

Thou wast perfect in thy ways from the day that thou wast created, till iniquity was found in thee. Ezekiel 28 12-15

Satan’s Destiny…Thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the

mountain of God: and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

Thine heart was lifted up because of thy beauty, thou hast corrupted thy wisdom by reason of thy brightness: I will cast thee to the ground, I will lay thee before kings, that they may behold thee.

Thou hast defiled thy sanctuaries by the multitude of thine iniquities, by the iniquity of thy traffic; therefore will I bring forth a fire from the midst of thee, it shall devour thee, and I will bring thee to ashes upon the earth in the sight of all them that behold thee.

All they that know thee among the people shall be astonished at thee: thou shalt be a terror, and never shalt thou be any more.

Ezekiel 28: 16-19

The Valley of Dry BonesEzekiel 37

• A Vision of the Restoration of Israel–Brought back to life in the flesh–Later, breathed with the Spirit

• “The Lord shall set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant of his people…” Isaiah 11:11

• Fulfilled in the 1st half of 20th century

Why is Israel to be restored? Therefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the

Lord GOD; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name's sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went.

And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes.

For I will take you from among the heathen, and gather you out of all countries, and will bring you into your own land. Ezekiel 36:22-24

The Millennial TempleEzekiel 40 - 48

• Description of Millennial Temple–Highly detailed (not simply symbolic?)–All nations to worship there–Offerings and sacrifices resumed– (Open only on the Sabbath Day and New

Moons)• There is an event that occurs after the

restoration and before the Millennium:

The Book of Ezekiel

• Present Judgments on Jerusalem– Similes and visions– 430 “Days”? 4

• The Future Destinies of the Nations– Origin & Destiny of Satan 28

• Restoration of the Nation Israel– The Valley of Dry Bones 36, 37– Gog and Magog 38, 39

• The Millennium 40-48

The Magog InvasionEzekiel 38 & 39

• The occasion in which God Himself intervenes to quell the ill-fated invasion of Israel by Magog and its allies–Persia, Cush, Phut, Libya, Gomer,

Togarmah, Meshech, Tubal• The passage appears to anticipate the

use of nuclear weapons.

The Magog Identity• Hesiod, Greek Didactic Poet, 8th century BC

– Magogians = Scythians

• Herodotus, “Father of History,” 5th century BC– Scythians (10th - 3rd century BC)

• Philo, Josephus, et al– The Great Wall of China: “Ramparts of Gog & Magog”

• Soviet Archaeologists’ discoveries• From the “Uttermost parts of the north”

“From the North parts…”

Nuclear Weapons?

• Left-over weapons provide all the energy for the nation Israel for 7 years

• Professionals hired to clear the battlefield– They wait 7 months; then clear for 7 months– Bury the dead east of the Dead Sea (downwind)

• If a traveler finds something the professionals have missed, he doesn’t touch it: he marks the location and lets the professionals deal with it.

The Disturbing Hint?

And I will send a fire on Magog, and among them that dwell carelessly in the isles: and they shall know that I am the LORD.

Ezekiel 39:6

The more you know about the details of the text in Ezekiel 38 and 39, and

The more you know about the current geopolitical horizon,

The more it seems that it this is getting into position to happen soon…

Subsequent Sessions

• Lesson 12–The 12 Minor Prophets

• Lesson 13–The Messianic Thread–How Sure Can We Be?

The Panorama of History

CreationFall o

f Man

FloodAbraham

The Exodus

David Christ

Israel Restored

The Nation Israel The Diaspora

Exile

Genesis

Rest of OT NT

6,000 Years?

400 yrs

odus

David

Nation Israel

Exile

1000

The Monarchy


Jotham 16Ahaz 16Hezekiah 29Manasseh 55Amon 2Josiah 31Jehoahaz (3 mos)

Jehoiakim 11Jehoiakin (3 mos)

Zedekiah 11

Jehoram12

Jehu28

Jehoahaz17

Jehoash16

Jeroboam II41

Zechariah ½

Shallum (1 mo)

Menahem10

Pekahiah 2

Pekah20

Hoshea 9


Assyrian Captivity

2nd Kings & 2 Chronicles 2nd Kings

Joel

IsaiahMicah

Zephaniah

JeremiahHabakkuk

Obadiah

Elisha

Hosea

Amos

IsaiahJeremiahEzekielDaniel

Post-ExileHaggaiZechariah

Malachi

Major Prophets

Ezra

Nehemiah

Esther

Zerubabel

The Southern Kingdom The Northern Kingdom

Assyria falls to Babylon

(400 “Silent Years” . . .)

DanielEzekiel


Jehoshaphat 25



Jeroboam 22

Nadab 2

Baasha 24

Elah 2

Zimri (1 wk)

Omri 12

Ahab 22

Ahaziah 2

Jehoram 12

Jehu 28

Jehoahaz 17

Jehoash 16

Jeroboam II 41

Zechariah ½

Shallum (1 mo)

Menahem 10

Pekahiah 2

Pekah 20

Hoshea 9



Assyrian Captivity


1st Kings

2nd Kings

1st Kings

2nd Kings

Joel

Amos

IsaiahMicah

Zephaniah

JeremiahHabakkuk

Obadiah

Ellijah

Elisha

Jonah

Hosea

Nahum

Uzzziah 52Jotham 16Ahaz 16 IsaiahHezekiah 29 MicahManasseh 55Amon 2Josiah 31 ZephaJehoahaz (3 mos) ehoiakim 11 Je oiakin (3 mos) 11


Jehoshaphat 25



Jeroboam 22

Nadab 2

Baasha 24

Elah 2

Zimri (1 wk)

Omri 12

Ahab 22

Ahaziah 2

Jehoram 12

Jehu 28

Jehoahaz 17

Jehoash 16

Jeroboam II 41

Zechariah ½

Shallum (1 mo)

Menahem 10

Pekahiah 2

Pekah 20

Hoshea 9



Assyrian Captivity


1st Kings

2nd Kings

1st Kings

2nd Kings

Joel

Amos

IsaiahMicah

Zephaniah

JeremiahHabakkuk

Obadiah

Ellijah

Elisha

Jonah

Hosea

Nahum

Uzzziah 52Jotham 16Ahaz 16 IsaiahHezekiah 29 MicahManasseh 55Amon 2Josiah 31 ZephaJehoahaz (3 mos) ehoiakim 11 Je oiakin (3 mos) 11

Old Testament (Tenach) Texts

• Original Hebrew (“Vorlage”)– In the days of Ezra and Nehemiah

• Septuagint Translation (LXX)–285-270 BC, 72 scholars at Alexandria–Primary quoted text in the New Testament

• Masoretic Text (MT)–Derived from the Council of Jamnia

The Hebrew Language

• Vividness, conciseness, and simplicity also make it difficult to translate fully.

• It takes typically twice as many English words to translate Hebrew.

Root Structure

• Verbs are formed from 3-letter roots, with forms developed by change of vowels or by adding suffixes or prefixes.

• The root consonants give Hebrew a semantic backbone and stability not characteristic of Western languages.

• Verb usage is not characterized by precise definition of tenses; very context dependent. It seems designed for puns and word play.

Greek Language

• Beautiful, rich, and harmonious; a fitting tool both for vigorous thought and religious devotion.

• Characterized by strength and vigor; the language of argument, with a vocabulary and style that could penetrate and clarify phenomena rather than simply describe.

• The most precise form of expression of any language in existence.

Greek Verbs• Five aspects:

– tense, mood, voice, person, and number• Will convey far more than a lexigraphical definition:

– who is performing the action?; – whether just one or more than one is doing it; – when it is done; – whether it is a single event or process; – whether it is an actual happening, a command, or

something wished for; – whether the subject of the verb is an active or passive

participant (or both!). • A single Greek word may thus require a phrase or

even a sentence or more in another language.

Greek Language• Classic (Attic) Greek: subtle in syntax and

expressive use of participles (often untranslatable) characterized the culture at its zenith.

• After his conquests, Alexander the Great encouraged the spread of the Greek culture and language; regional dialects were replaced by the Hellenistic or common (koine) Greek.

• Simpler, less elegant, nevertheless retaining much of its strength, beauty, clarity and logical rhetorical power.

Septuagint Manuscripts

• Papyri Uncials (Capital Letters)– Hundreds of various sizes, importance;

(2nd century BC – 650 AD)– Chester Beatty collection: parts of 11 codices,

(2nd – 4th century)– Pre-Christian Qumran parchment fragments also

significant• Vellum Uncials (4th – 10th centuries)

– Codex Vaticanius,4th century (almost complete)– Codex Siniaticus, 4th century (less complete)– Codex Alexandrinus, 5th century (almost complete)

• Miniscules (Cursive Script)

Septuagint Manuscripts

• Miniscule Codices (Cursive Script): appear in the 9th century; over 1500 recorded, 11th – 16th century– Complutensian Polyglot, 1514-17– Aldine Venice Version, 1518– “Standard Version,”Pope Sixtus V, 1587– Coptic Versions, 3rd & 4th century– Armenian Versions, mid-5th century– Georgian Versions, 5th century– Ethiopian Versions, 13th century– Gothic Versions, fragments, 4th century

Council of Jamnia

• 90 AD: Rejected the LXX, and the Hebrew version on which it was based (Vorlage), since it had become the “Bible of the Christians.”

• Produced a unified text of the Tenach and ensured that divergent texts were destroyed.

• Led to the traditional Masoretic Text.

Masoretes

• A body of Medieval scribes of Tiberias charged with Old Testament text preservation, 500 AD – 950 AD.

• Devised a “pointing” system for implied vowels.

• Oldest dated manuscript is Codex Cairernsis, 895 AD. (Only the Nevi’im; Torah and Ketuvim are missing.)

Hebrew Text of Today

• Codex Leningradensis, presently stored in the Leningrad Public Library, is used as the textual base for the popular Hebrew texts of today:– Biblia Hebraica, ed. By R. Kittel, and its revision– Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, ed. By K. Ellinger

and W. Rudolf.• Was copied in 1008 AD from texts written by

Aaron ben Moses ben Asher.

Dead Sea Scrolls

• 11 caves in the Wadi Qumran–600 manuscripts; 200 Biblical–60,000 fragments

• 85% leather; 15% papyrus

• Cave 4 (4Q)–40,000 fragments of 400 manuscripts (100

Biblical)–Every book (except Esther) represented

Hebrew:

Greek:

Latin:

English

Vorlage

LXX

BC - AD

History of the English Bible

Cr

Hebrew:

Greek:

Latin:

English

Vorlage

LXX

BC - AD

History of the English Bible

Cr

The Central Theme

• The OT is an account of a Nation.• The NT is the account of a Man.• The Creator became a Man. His

appearance is the Central Event of all history.

• He died to purchase us and is alive now.• The most exalted privilege is to know

Him. That’s what the Bible is all about.

Documents

A Walk Through the Bible With Bro. Bill Parker Sr. Lesson 11 The Major Prophets Lesson 11 The Major Prophets Praise Chapel Puget Sound