A2 Physical EducationA2 Physical Education

Catastrophe Theory

Perform

ance

Arousal

Optimum arousal

Extreme Decline

A

BC

D

Catastrophe theory

Catastrophe TheoryCatastrophe Theory

Modification to the inverted U hypothesis Both argue that if arousal increases it will have a

positive effect on performance to a certain point Combination of high physiological arousal with

high cognitive anxiety levels – players become upset to the detriment of the game

Catastrophe TheoryCatastrophe Theory

Deterioration is much more extreme Can not be put right by merely calming down Going over the top! Ability to concentrate Recovery can be very difficult Requires mental toughness

Key to FigureKey to Figure

Point A- Cognitive anxiety - reaching this threshold creates a catastrophic effect

Point B – performers continue with deterioration caused by over arousal May continue to Point C

Point B they get to grips with the problem performance will move towards Point D

Achievement Motivation (Revision)Achievement Motivation (Revision)

Questions Why do some learners/performers achieve and

some don’t ? Why are some performers are driven to be more

competitive? The need to achieve is a relatively stable

disposition to strive for success

Achievement Motivation (Revision)Achievement Motivation (Revision) Introduced by Murray (1938) 20 different motives or needs Achievement is linked to personality of the performer Competitive or Achievement orientated Gill (1986) A person who has high levels of achievement motivation

would have a tendency to strive for success, persists in the face of failure and experience pride in accomplishments

Atkinson's Personality ComponentsAtkinson's Personality Components

Ability to balance two underlying motives

The need to achieve success

The need to avoid failure

Situational ComponentSituational Component

The probability of success along with

The incentive value of that success

High

HighIn

cent

ive

valu

e of

suc

cess

Low Probability of sucess

Atkinson’s suggested relationship between success and the incentive value

Examples and FormulaExamples and Formula

Average player v Professional = probability of success LOW

Incentive value of winning for the average is high = satisfaction

MS – Maf x PS x I – P Motive to succeed Motive to avoid failure Probability of Success Incentive value of

success

Outcome Goal Orientation Outcome Goal Orientation

Motivated by winning and beating the opposition enjoy feelings from competing and comparing.

Ego boosted High expectations for the future

Task Goal OrientationTask Goal Orientation

Want to win Not so interested in comparison to others Developing own technical advances Intrinsic motivation Do fear failure

Stages of MotivationStages of Motivation

Describe Veroffs sequential stages

1. Autonomous competence 2. Social comparison stage 3 Integrated stage List the factors which may influence

achievement motivation

Attribution TheoryAttribution Theory

Perception of causes to behaviour and outcomes

Complete activity 9 and 10 page 451 core text book

AbilityTask Difficulty

effort luck

Stable attributions

Unstable attributions

Internal Attributions

External Attributions

Please complete activity 11 page 452 core text

Self–Serving Bias Self–Serving Bias

Take credit for success Disassociation of failure Blaming External factors Success attributed to internal factors ------ &

---------? Do performers attribute poor performance to

external factors?