Students shall not attempt to “negotiate” their final grades in any manner or whatever reason,

whether by manipulation of any of its components or by seeking special treatment or

consideration on grounds not available to everyone else in class. Personal pleas for mercy or

sympathy are especially prohibited. Any such attempts shall be treated with extreme prejudice,

and may warrant a failing grade outright. Evening schedule are not from this rule.

Where the outline points to an unfamiliar technical word, phrase, classification, or language,

students are expected to exercise due diligence and determine their meaning.

I. BASIC THEORY & ORIGINS OF PROPERTY

Concept and Origins

o Blackstone, Sir William. “Of Property, In General.” In Commentaries on the Law

of England, Book II. Chap. 1. The Online Library of Liberty

http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php

%3Ftitle=2140&chapter=198690&layout=html&Itemid=27>

Date accessed: 17 May 2012.

o Hohfeld, W. S. (1917) Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied to Judicial

Reasoning. 23 Yale L.J. 16 (1913). Also available online

http://hiit.fi/files/ns/Herkko/SCME%20FUNDAMENTAL%20LEGAL

%20CONCEPTIONS%20AS%20APPLIED%20JUDICIAL

%20REASONING.pdf>

Date accessed: 25 May 2012

Theories of Property

o “Chapter V: Of Property (para. 25-51).” John Locks, Second Treatise of

Government. Online http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/7370>

(last visited May 26, 2011).

o E. Ostrom, Private and common property rights, 2 Encyclopedia of Law and

Economics 332-379 (2000). Also available online:

<http://valuefronteira.com/vf/images/textbooks2/private%20and%20common

%20property%20rights.pdf> (last visited June 02, 2011)

o J.E. Krier, The Evolution of Property Rights: A Synthetic Overview, University of

Michigan Legal Working Paper Series 91 (2008). Also available online:

http://law.bepress.com/umichlwps/olin/art91/> (last visited June 02, 2011)

Supplemental Readings

H. Demsetz, Toward a theory and property rights, 57 The American

Economic Review 347-359 (1967). Also available online:

<http://mason.gmu.edu/-kfandl/Demsetz_Property_Rights.pdf>

(last visited June 04,2011)

C. B Macpherson, A Political Theory of property. In Macpherson, C.

B. Democratic Theory: Essay in Retrieval. (Oxford: Clarendon

Press, 1973) at 120-140. (in reserve)

II. FOUNDATIONS OF PHILIPPINES PRIVATE PROPERTY LAW

R. Balane, Spanish Antecedents of the Philippine Civil Code. In Sison, C. Civil Code Reader,

supra, 251-304.

“Book II, Title 1: Of the Different Kinds of things.” The Institutes of Justinian, (John Baron

Moyle trans.). In Siason, C. (ed.) Civil Code Reader. Quezon City: U.P. Law Complex, 2005, at

38-50. Also available online <http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5983> (last visited May 26,

2011).

III. THE GENERAL LAW ON PROPERTY RIGHTS

A. CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

1987 Const., Art. II, s. 5, 10

Ibid., Art. III, s. 1, 9, 10.

Ibid., Art V, s. 1

Ibid., Art XII, s.6

Ibid., Art XIII, s. 1, et seq.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Art. 2, 17

Philippine Blooming Mills Employees Organization v. Philippine Blooming Mills Co.,

Inc. SCRA 189 (1973)

B. PROPERTY RIGHTS IN PHILIPPINE CIVIL LAW

NCC 414

Ownership, NCC 427-428

Possession, NCC 532

Usufruct, NCC 562

C. RIGHT-HOLDERS: WHO MAY HAVE/EXERCISE PROPERTY RIGHTS?

a) Natural Persons

Individuals – NCC 37-38; Art. II, s. 5; UDHR 2, 17

Marital partners – FC 88, 90-93, 105-106, 108, 116

Indigenous peoples communities – RA 8371

(Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act) 3, 5, 7-8

Cruz v. Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources, et. Al., 347 SCRA 128

(NOTE: compare separate opinions of Puno, Kapunan, Panganiban)

b) Juridical Persons

In general – NCC 44-47

a) Partnership – NCC 1767 – 176

b) Private Corporations – BP 68 (The Corporation Code), s. 2, 3, 36, 109.

(See annotations of Campos and Campos, THE CORPORATION CODE OF

THE PHILIPPINES, any ed.)

c) Other private juridical entities –

Rep. Act 6938 (The Cooperative Code), s. 3, 6, 9

d) Public Corporations

State – NCC 420-22, Art XII, s. 1-2Subdivisions of the State – NCC 423-24; LGC 17.b.2.ii; 18-19, 21-22, 89, 447.a.5.i; 458.a.5.iGovernment-owned and controlled corporations – The Corporation Code, s. 4, 36

D. FORMAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF PROPERTY

a) With reference to the holder of the rights; basic kinds of property

a) Public

NCC 419- 424

Rep. Act 7150, The Local Government Code (LGC), a. 18, 21-22, 89

Province of Zamboanga v. City of Zamboanga, 22 SCRA 1334

Salas v. Jarencio, 46 SCRA 734

Chavez v. Public Estates Authority, 384 SCRA 152

Cebu Oxygen v. Bercilles, 66 SCRA 481

b) Private

NCC 419, 424-425

The Indigenous People’s Rights Act., s. 3, 5, 7, 8

LGC 17.b.2.ii, 447.a.5.i, 458.a.5.i

c) Res Nullius

“Book II, Title 1: Of the Different Kinds of Things.” The Institutes of

Justinian, (John Baron Moyle trans.), supra. 1897 Const., Art XII

b) With reference to the object: things that may be subject of property rights

a) Corporeal

i. Immoveables – NCC 415, 426

Berkenkotter v. Cu Unjieng, 61 Phil 663

Philippine Refining Co. v. Jargue, 61 Phil 229

Mindanao Bus Co. v. City Assessor, 6 SCRA 197

Davao Sawmill v. Castillo, 61 SCRA 709

Prudential Bank v. Panis, 153 SCRA 390

Caltex v. Cental Board of Assessment Appeals, 114 SCRA 296

Benquet Corp. v. CBAA, 218 SCRA 271

Tumalad v. Vicencio, 41 SCRA 143

Serg’s Products v. PCI Leasing, 338 SCRA 499

ii. Moveables – NCC 416-418, 426

U.S. v. Tambunting, 41 Phil 364

b) Non- corporeal

i. Intellectual property – NCC 721-724

Rep. Act 8293 (Intellectual Property Code), s. 4.1, 22, 112, 172-173,

177

ii. Rights & choses in action – NCC 417

IV. POSSESSION

A. In General – NCC 523-561

B. Definition – NCC 523, 525, 530

Who exercises – NCC 524, 532, 535, 538; animus possidendi

Status – NCC 526-529

C. Character & Effects

1. right to be respected in possession – NCC 539

2. right to accessories – NCC 542, 544, 547, 551, 560 cf. 438-439

3. continuity of possession – NCC 554, 561; corpus possessionis

4. right to reimbursement – NCC 546, 548-550, 553

5. possession in common – NCC 543

6. basis of title – NCC 541, 559

7. effect on true owner – NCC 558

D. Lease of Urban Lands**

1. Definition – NCC 1642-1645

2. Who qualified/disqualified – NCC 1646, 1490-1491

3. Obligations of parties

a. Lessor – NCC 1654-1656, 1661, 1664, 1678

b. Lessee – NCC 1657-1658, 1662-1663, 1665-1668

4. Payment – NCC 1679

5. Termination – NCC 1659-1660, 1669

6. Renewal – NCC 1670, 1672

7. Unlawful detainer – NCC 1671, 1673-1675, 1677

8. Transfer of lease – NCC 1649, 1676

9. Sub- lease – NCC 1650-1652

10. Warranties – NCC 1547-1548, 1561, 1653, 1666

** Lease of rural lands are governed by agricultural or agrarian laws (elective); lease of work

covered by labor laws (Labor I/II)

V. OWNERSHIP

A. Sole Ownership

a) Definition – NCC 427, 712

b) Rights of Owners – NCC 428-430, 435, 437-440

1) Rights of action in rem/in personam/ quasi in rem

Sandejas v. Robles, 81 Phil 421

Ching v. Court of appeals, 181 SCRA 9

Hernandez v. Development Bank of the Philippines, 71 SCRA 290

Domagas v. Jensen, 448 SCRA 663

2) Specific rights to protection & enforcement

Self-help – NCC 429-430

Legal action – 428, 433-434, 536

quieting of title, NCC 476-481, 1147

Heirs of Olviga v. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 330

Pingol v. Court of Appeals, 226 SCRA 118

Titong v. Court of Appeals, 287 SCRA 102

Sps. Portic v. Cristobal, 496 Phil 456

recovery of possession, NCC 434

reconveyance

replevin

damages

Bishop of Cebu v. Mangaron, 6 Phil 286

Chacon v. Court of Appeals, 124 SCRA 784

German Management v. Court of Appeals, 177 SCRA 495

De la Paz v. Panis, 245 SCRA 242

Vda. De Aviles v. Court of Appeals, 264 SCRA 473

Baricuatro v. Court of Appeals, 325 SCRA 137

BA FinancE v. Court of Appeals, 327 SCRA 716

PEZA v. Fernandez, 358 SCRA 489

3) Right to accession – NCC 426

IMMOVEABLE PROPERTY

a) discreta – NCC 440-441

i. Natural – NCC 442- 444

ii. Industrial - NCC 442

iii. Civil – NCC 442

b) continua

i. Naturally incorporated – NCC 445-465

Zapata v. Director of Lands, 5 SCRA 335

Cortez v. Court of Appeals, 10 Phil 567

Hilario v. City of Manila, 19 SCRA 931

Grande v. Court of Appeals, 5 SCRA 524

Ignacio v. Director of Lands, 121 SCRA 13

Republic v. Meneses, 132 SCRA 514

Binalay v. Manalo, 195 SCRA 347

Baes v. Court of Appeals, 224 SCRA 562

Vda. De Nazareno v. Court of Appeals, 257 SCRA 589

ii. Artificially incorporated – NCC 457-465

Equatorial v. Mayfair, 370 SCRA 56

Liwanag v. Yu-songuian, 5 SCRA 147

JM Tuason v. Vda. De Lumanlan, 23 SCRA 231

Gaboya v. Cui, 38 SCRA 85

Floresca v. Evangelista, 96 SCRA 130

Manotok realty v. Tecson, 164 SCRA 587

MWSS v. Court of Appeals, 143 SCRA 623

Pleasantville v. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 10

Alviola v. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 537

Heirs of R. Dunan v. Uy, 344 SCRA 537

MOVEABLE PROPERTY

a) Conjunction/ adjunction – NCC 466-471, 475

b) Commixtion/ confusion – NCC 472-473, 475

c) Specification – NCC 474-475

EXCEPTIONS: FC 119-120

B. Co - Ownership

1. Definition – NCC 484-486, 493, 1620

Pardell v. Bartolome, 23 Phil 450

Basa v. Aguilar, 117 SCRA 128

Bailon- Casilao v. Court of Appeals, 160 SCRA 738

Oliveras v. Lopez, 168 SCRA 431

Tagarao v. Garcia, 61 Phil 5

Rivera v. People’s Bank, 73 SCRA 546

Gatchalian v. Collector of Customs, 67 Phil 666

2. Special Rights of Co-owners – NCC 487-492, 494, 1088, 1620, 1623

Melencio v. Dy Tiao Lay, 55 Phil 100

Lavadia v. Cosme, 72 Phil 196

Tuason v. Tuason, 88 Phil 428

Mariano v. Court of Appeals, 222 SCRA 736

Arcelona v. Court of Appeals, 280 SCRA 20

Adlawan v. Adlawan, 479 SCRA 275

3. Special rule on marital properties – NCC 90

VI. USUFRUCT

A. In General

1. Definition – NCC 562

Alunan v. Veloso, 52 Phil 545

Belonio v. Novella, 105 Phil 756

2. Rights of Owner

a) alienate – NCC 581

b) improvement – NCC 595

c) taxes – NCC 597

B. The Usufructuary

1. Obligations of Usufructuary

a) In general – NCC 583-585

b) Administration

Exercise diligence – NCC 573, 589

Vicarious liability – NCC 590

Replace/ repair – NCC 591-593

Notify owner of certain acts – NCC 601

c) Give security – NCC 583-588, 599

d) Expenses

Pay charges and taxes – NCC 596-597

Pay debts – NCC 598, 600

Collect credits – NCC 599

Shoulder legal expenses – NCC 602

e) Return – NCC 612

Mercado v. Rizal, 67 Phil 608

Vda. de Albar v. Carandang, 106 Phil 855

Board of Assessment Appeals v. Samar Mining, 37 SCRA 734

2. Rights of Usufructuary

a) In general – NCC 565

b) Administration – NCC 582

Alienate, lease – NCC 568, 572, 581

Enjoy and use – NCC 563, 572-578

Make improvements – NCC 579-580

Suit – NCC 578, 602

Pichay v. querol, 11 Phil 386

Reyes v. Grey, 21 Phil 73

Tufexis v. Municipal Council of Guinobatan, 32 Phil 629

Fabie v. David, 75 Phil 536

Orozco v. Araneta, 90 Phil 399

Bachrach v. Seifer, 97 Phil 483

Bautista v. Marcos, 113 Phil 421

Gaboya v. Cui, 38 SCRA 85

Hemedes v. Court of Appeals, 316 SCRA 347

VII. LIMITATIONS ON PROPERTY RIGHTS

1) Eminent Domain

1987 Const., Art. III, s. 1, 9

NCC 435

LGC 19

Republic v. Castellvi, 58 SCRA 336

City Government of Quezon City v. Ericta, 122 SCRA 759

Republic v. PLDT, 26 SCRA 620

2) Police Power

NCC 436

LGC 20, 447.a.4, 458.a.4, 468.a.2.vi

Churchill & Tait v. Rafferty, 32 Phil 580

Taxicab Operators v. Board of Transportation, 119 SCRA 597

3) Necessity – NCC 432

4) Sic utere tuo at alienum non laedas – NCC 431

5) Nuisance

1) Definition – NCC 694, 682-683

2) Classification – NCC 695

3) Remedies – NCC 696-707

Iloilo Cold Storage v. Municipal Council, 24 Phil 471

Monteverde v. Generoso, 52 Phil 123

Hidalgo v. Balandan, 91 Phil 489

Sitchon v. Aquino, 98 Phil 458

Velasco v. Manila Electric Co., 40 SCRA 342

Farrales v. City Mayor of Baguio, 44 SCRA 239

Timoner v. People, 125 SCRA 830

Estate of Gregorio Francisco v. Court of Appeals, 199 SCRA 595

Tamin v. Court of Appeals, 208 SCRA 863

6) Easements

1) Definition – NCC 613

2) Characteristics – NCC 617-618

3) Classification – NCC 613-616, 619, 634, 688

4) Rights and Obligations – NCC 624-633

5) Creation

By title – NCC 622, 624

By will of the owners – NCC 619, 688- 693

By law – NCC 619, 634-636

By prescription – NCC 620-622

6) Extinguishment – NCC 631 (2)

Cid v. Javier, 108 Phil 239

Francisco v. Paez, 54 Phil 239

Benedicto v. Court of Appeals, 134 Phil 122

7) Legal Easements

a) In favor of adjacent properties

RIGHT OF WAY – NCC 649-657

Archbishop of Manila v. Roxas, 22 Phil 450

Cuaycong v. Benedicto, 37 Phil 781

Valderrama v. North Negros, 48 Phil 492

North Negros v. Hidalgo, 63 Phil 664

Bernardo v. Court of Appeals, 97 Phil 131

Francisco v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 177 SCRA 527

Costabella v. Court of Appeals, 193 SCRA 333

Encarnacion v. Court of Appeals, 195 SCRA 74

Solid Manila Corp. v. Bio Hong, 195 SCRA 748

Quimen v. Court of Appeals, 257 SCRA 163

PARTY WALL – NCC 658-666

Lao v. Heirs of Alburo, 33 Phil 48

LIGHT & VIEW – NCC 667-673

Cortes v. Yu-Tibo, 2 Phil 24

Fable v. Lichauco, 11 Phil 14

Saenz v. Figueras Hermanos, 13 Phil 666

Amor v. Florentino, 74 Phil 403

Gargantos v. Yanon, 108 Phil 888

INTERMEDIATE DISTANCES – NCC 677-681

LATERAL & SUBJACENT SUPPORT – NCC 684-687

b) Pertaining to waters

Natural drainage – NCC 637, Pres. Decree 1067 ( Water Code) 50

Riparian banks – NCC 638, Water Code 51

Drainage of Buildings – NCC 674-676

Dam – NCC 639, 647, Water Code 38-39

Drawing Water – NCC 640-641, Rep. Act. 7942 (Mining Code), s. 73

Aqueduct – NCC 642-646, Water Code 13,25, 46-49, 67

Sluice gate – NCC 647

Tanedo v. Bernad, 165 SCRA 86

Ayala de Roxas v. City of Manila, 9 Phil 215

Lunod v. Meneses, 11 Phil 128

Salazar v. Gutierrez, 33 SCRA 242

Relova v. Lavarez, 9 Phil 149

c) Easement against nuisance – NCC 682-683

d) Special easements

b.) Characteristics – NCC 617-618

c.) Kinds – NCC613-616, 619, 634, 636, 688

7) Waters

1) Ownership – NCC 502-503, Water Code 5-6

2) Use of public waters – NCC 504-506, Water Code 31-52

3) Waters in private property – NCC 507-511, Water Code 5-6, 13-14, 25, 32, 41

4) Subterranean waters- NCC 512-514, Water Code 8-9, 13, 17, 32, 39, 64

5) General provisions – NCC 515-518, Water Code (all remaining provisions)

8) Contractual limitations

NCC 1347-49

VIII. CREATION, TRANSMISSION AND TERMINATION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS

A. MODES IN GENERAL

NCC 712

1. VOLUNTARY MODES

a) Occupation – NCC 713-720

Carino v. Insular Government, 41 Phil 935

Gold Creek Mining v. Rodriguez, 66 Phil 259

Atok Big Wedge Mining v. IAC, 261 SCRA 529

Cruz v. Sec. of Environment and Natural Resources, 347 SCRA 165

NPC v. Ibrahim, 526 SCRA 149

b) Tradition/ Delivery – NCC 712, 1495-1501

San Lorenzo v. Court of Appeals, 449 SCRA 99

Equatorial Realty v. Mayfair, 370 SCRA 56

Union Motor v. Court of Appeals, 361 SCRA 506

c) Donation

1) Definition – NCC 725-726

Object – NCC 750-752, 755-756

Effects – NCC 750-759

Osorio v. Osorio, 41 Phil 531

Central Philippines University v. Court of Appeals, 246 SCRA 511

De Luna v. Abrigo, 181 SCRA 150

Vda. de Tupas v. Regional Trial Court, 144 SCRA 622

De Roma v. Court of Appeals, 152 SCRA 205

2) Classification

Onerous – NCC 726, 733, 758

Simple – NCC 725-726, 733

Modal – NCC 726

Conditional – NCC 727, 730-731

MORTIS CAUSA – NCC 728

PROPER NUPTIALS – Family Code 82-86

INTER VIVOS – NCC 729, 732

Parks v. Province of Tarlac, 49 Phil 142

Zapanta v. Posadas, 52 Phil 557

Javier v. Cabangos, 53 Phil 678

Balaqui v. Dongso, 53 Phil 673

Concepcion v. Concepcion, 91 Phil 823

Carino v. Abaya, 70 Phil 182

Bonsato v. Court of Appeals, 95 Phil 481

De Luna v. Abrigo, 181 SCRA 150

Roman Catholic v. Court of Appeals, 198 SCRA 300

Central Philippines University v. Court of Appeals, 246 SCRA 511

Secretary v. Heirs of Dulay, 480 SCRA 452

Bautista v. Sabiniano, 92 Phil 244

3) Formalities

a) Donor’s qualification – NCC 735-737, 739

b) Donee’s qualification – NCC 738, 739-744, 753, 1027, Family

Code87

c) How made – NCC 748-749

d) How accepted – NCC 734, 745-749

Lagazo v. Court of Appeals, 287 SCRA 18

Genato v. De Lorenzo, 23 SCRA 618

Araneta v. Perez, 17 SCRA 643

4) Revocation – NCC 760-773

d) Intellectual creation – NCC 712, 721-724; Rep. Act 8293 (Intellectual

Property Code) 4.1, 22, 112, 172-173

e) Testamentary Succession – NCC 779

f) Sales - NCC 1458

g) Abandonment – NCC 713. 1112

2. INVOLUNTARY MODES

a) Prescription & Laches – NCC 1106-1107

1) Acquisitive – NCC 554, 719, 1106-1138, 1505

Cutanda v. Cutanda, 335 SCRA 418

Serespi v. Court of Appeals, 331 SCRA 293

2) Extinctive – NCC 1139-1155

Cimafranca v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 147 SCRA 611

Bureau of Forestry v. Court of Appeals, 153 SCRA 351

Bailon-Casilao v. Court of Appeals, 160 SCRA 738

Villagonzalo v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 167 SCRA 535

Bergado v. Court of Appeals, 172 SCRA 497

Casipit v. Court of Appeals, 204 SCRA 684

Kiamco v. Court of Appeals, 211 SCRA 156

Ledesma v. Court of Appeals, 224 SCRA 175

De Cabrera v. Court of Appeals, 267 SCRA 339

b) Intestate Succession – NCC 774-777, 960-61

c) Forced sales

Execution of Judgement – 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 39, s. 1, 8, 9

(b)&(c), 10, 13

Escheat – Rules of Court: Special Proceedings, Rule 91

d) Accession* - NCC 426, 440

e) Marriage* - FC 74, 88-90

B. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

1) Possession

a) Acquisition

1) Occupation – NCC 531

2) Succession – NCC 533-534

3) Exceptions – NCC 536-537

b) Termination – NCC 555-557

Ramos v. Director, 39 Phil 175

Vano v. Government, 41 Phil 161

Lasam v. Director, 65 Phil 367

People v. Estoista, 93 Phil 647

Caparros v. Court of Appeals, 170 SCRA 758

Tan Queto v. Court of Appeals, 148 SCRA 54

Director v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 209 SCRA 214

Pascual v. Angeles, 4 Phil 604

2) Co-Ownership

a) Acquisition

1) Marriage - Family Code 88, 91-93, 96, 116-117, 120

2) Cohabitation – Family Code 147-148

3) Joint purchase – NCC 1452

4) Succession – NCC 1078

5) Donation – NCC 753

6) Chance – NCC 472

7) Hidden treasure – NCC 438

8) Easement of party wall – NCC 658

9) Contract

In general – NCC 494

Universal partnership – NCC 1778-1780

Associations – NCC 1775

10) Occupation – NCC 713-720

11) Condominium – Rep. Act 4726 (Condominium Law)

Punzalan v. Boon Liat, 44 Phil 658

Twin Towers Condominium Corp. v. Court of Appeals, 398 SCRA

203

b) Termination

1) Partition – NCC 494-496

2) Effect of partition – NCC 499-501, 543, 1091-1093

3) Right against individual co-owners – NCC 497

4) Disagreement between co-owners – NCC 498

3) Usufruct

a) Acquisition – NCC 563-565

b) Termination – NCC 603-612

Lopez v. Constantino, 74 Phil 160

Baluran v. Navarro, 79 SCRA 309

Palad v. Navarro, 46 SCRA 354