AA-721 Frederick Douglass Summer House, (Twin Oaks) · (Twin Oaks) 3200 Wayman Avenue Highland Beach c. 1895 The Douglass Summer House, built in 1894-95, is located in the small community

AA-721

Frederick Douglass Summer House, (Twin Oaks)

Architectural Survey File

This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse-

chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National

Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation

such as photographs and maps.

Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site

architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at

the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft

versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a

thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research

project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment.

All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust.

Last Updated: 06-11-2004

AA-721 Douglass Summer Home (Twin Oaks) 3200 Wayman Avenue Highland Beach

c. 1895

The Douglass Summer House, built in 1894-95, is located in the small

community of Highland Beach, five miles south of Annapolis on the Chesapeake

Bay. The Douglass House, situated at the corner of Wayman and Bay Avenues,

is one of the first built in Highland Beach which was established in 1893 by

Douglass' son, Major Charles Douglass. Facing east, it enjoys a spectacular

view of the Bay. The 2 % story Queen Anne style frame dwelling measures 3

bays by 4 bays with a central entrance and has a hip roof. Prominent exterior

features include a one-story wraparound porch (which is enclosed on the south

elevation). A corner tower at the second story southeast corner is open,

creating a small second story porch. The exterior walls are covered with

German siding except for the rear shed wing (west elevation) and the enclosed

portion of the porch (south elevation) which are covered with board-and-batten

siding. The roof is covered with wood shingles. Windows are 2/2 double hung

sash except for the rear wing and enclosed porch area, which are 4/4. The

interior consists of two principal rooms on the first floor and three on the second

floor. The interior walls and ceiling are clad in the original narrow beaded

tongue-and-groove board paneling which has achieved a rich patina over the

years. The Douglass House displays a high degree of integrity. A meticulous

renovation in 1987 maintained a majority of the original interior and exterior

fabric of the building.

The significance of the Douglass Summer House is derived from its

relationship to the African-American resort community of Highland Beach.

Located along the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, Highland Beach was

established in 1893 by Major Charles Douglass, a Civil War veteran and son of

Frederick Douglass, the famed African-American humanitarian, orator, and

writer. Highland Beach became a summer gathering place for prominent

African-Americans, particularly from Washington, D.C. Included among the

early residents are Paul Lawrence Dunbar, the poet; and Robert Terrell, the first

African-American municipal judge in Washington, D.C., and his wife, Mary

Church Terrell, educator and civil libertarian. Frequent visitors to the resort

include Booker T. Washington; Paul Robeson, the singer and actor; and

Langston Hughes, the poet. With financial assistance from his father, Major

Douglass laid out the community, naming the two principal streets for

Reconstruction-era friends of his father. Tradition maintains that the impetus for

establishing Highland Beach was a rebuff Major Douglass and his wife received

from an all-white neighboring resort community. The Douglass Summer House

was built for Frederick Douglass in 1894-1895. Douglass, however, did not live

to see it completed. Tradition says the house was designed by Douglass himself

with a second floor balcony to provide a view east towards the Eastern Shore

where he was born. The Douglass Summer House is the oldest house

remaining in Highland Beach. This house and the one erected for Major

Douglass were the first structures built in the newly laid-out community. The

Major Douglass house no longer stands.

NPS Fonn 1CMIOO (Rev. IHl6)

United States Department of the Interior National Park Service

OMI No. 10U«J18

-'Jational Register of Historic Places Aegistration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions In Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries.

1. Name of Property historic name DOUGLASs::,.sUMMER--HOUSE other names/site number Twin Oaks

2. Location street & number 3200 Wayman Avenue city, town Highland Beach state Marylandcode MD county

3. Classification Ownership of Property IX] private LJ public-local D public-State D public-Federal

Category of Property [X] building(s) 0district Osite Dstructure Uobject

~ Name of related multiple property listing: N/A

4. State/Federal Agency Certification

AA-721

N /AU not for publication N/ A LJ vicinity

Anne Arundel code 003 zip code 21403

Number of Resources within Property

Contributing Noncontributing 1 0 buildings

___ sites ___ structures ___ objects

1 0 Total

Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 0

As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this IX] nomination 0 request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my o 'nion,_t~roperty IXJ meets D does not meet the. National Register criteria. D See continuat~o,,sh~

1'!7~ ///6JZ.. STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER oral

State or Federal agency and bureau

In my opinion, the property LJ meets D does not meet the National Register criteria. LJ See continuation sheet.

Signature of commenting or other official

State or Federal agency and bureau

5. National Park Service Certification I, hereby, certify that this property is:

LJ ~ntered in the National Register. LJ See continuation sheet.

D determined eligible for the National Register. D See continuation sheet.

D determined not eligible for the · ,__ National Register.

D removed from the National Register. Dother, (explain:)--------

Date

Signature of the Keeper Date of Action

6. Function or Use Historic Functions (enter categories from instructions)

DOMESTIC/single dwelling

7. Description Architectural Classification (enter categories from instructions)

Queen Anne

Describe present and historic physical appearance.

DESCRIPTION SUMMARY:

AA-721 Current Functions (enter categories from instructions)

DOMESTIC/single dwelling

Materials (enter categories from instructions)

foundation _.;;..BR=I;;;;..C=K"'"------------walls WOOD

roof WOOD other CONCRETE

The Douglass Summer House, built in 1894-95, is located in the small community of Highland Beach, five miles south of Annapolis on the Chesapeake Bay. The Douglass House, situated at the corner of Wayman and Bay avenues, is one of the first built in Highland Beach which was established in 1893 by Douglass' son, Major Charles Douglass. Facing east, it enjoys a spectacular view of the Bay. The two and one-half story Queen Anne style frame dwelling measures 3 bays by 4 bays with a central entrance and has a hip roof. Prominent exterior features include a one-story wrap-around porch (which is enclosed on the south elevation). A corner tower at the

.~ second story southeast corner, is open, creating a small second story porch. The exterior walls are covered with German-siding except for the rear shed wing (west elevation) and the enclosed portion of the porch (south elevation) which are covered with board and batten siding. The roof is covered with wood shingles. Windows are 2/2 double hung sash except for the rear wing and enclosed porch area which are 4/4. The interior consists of two principal rooms on the first floor and three on the second floor. The interior walls and ceiling are clad in the original narrow beaded tongue and groove board paneling which has achieved a rich patina over the years. The Douglass House displays a high degree of integrity. A meticulous renovation in 1987 maintained a majority of the original interior and exterior fabric of the building.

[I] See continuation sheet No 1 For GENERAL DESCRIPTION

8. Statement of Significance Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in relation to other properties:

' CJ nationally · , D statewide IX] locally . 1 i. ·:

,~Applicable National Register Criteria [fil A DB DC DD

Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) DA DB DC DD DE D F D G

Areas of Significance (enter categories from instructions) Ethnic Heritage: Black Social History

Significant Person N/A

Period of Significance 1894-1895

Cultural Affiliation N/A

Architect/Builder Unknown

AA-721

Significant Dates 1894-1895

State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above.

SIGNIFICANCE SUMMARY:

The significance of the Douglass Summer House is derived from its relationship to the African-American resort community of Highland Beach. Located along the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, Highland Beach was established in 1893 by Major Charles Douglass, a Civil War veteran and a son of Frederick Douglass, the famed African-American humanitarian, orator and writer. Highland Beach became a summer gathering place for prominent AfricanAmericans, particularly from Washington, D.C. Included among the early residents are Paul Lawrence Dunbar, the poet; and Robert Terrell, the first African-American municipal judge in Washington, D.c. and his wife, Mary Church Terrell, educator and civil libertarian. Frequent visitors to the resort include Booker T. Washington; Paul Robeson, the singer and actor; and Langston Hughes, the poet. With financial assistance from his father, Major Douglass laid out the community naming the two principal streets for Reconstruction-era friends of his father. Tradition maintains that the impetus for establishing Highland Beach was a rebuff Major Douglass and his wife received from an all white neighboring resort community. The Douglass summer House was built for Frederick Douglass in 1894-1895. Douglass, however, did not live to see it completed. Tradition says the house was designed by Douglass himself with a second floor balcony to provide a view east toward the Eastern Shore where he was born. The Douglass Summer House is the oldest house remaining in Highland Beach. This house and the one erected for Major Douglass were the first structures built in the newly laid-out community. The Major Douglass house no longer stands.

[Kl See continuation sheet No • 3 For HISTORIC CONTEXT and MARYLA.t-.'D COMPRE

HENSIVE HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN data.

9. Malor Blbllographical References AA-721

Greene, Carroll, Jr. "Summertime - In the Highland Beach Tradition," American Visions: The Magazine of Afro-American Culture, (June 1986).

~~cFeely, William S. Frederick Douglass. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1991.

Anne Arundel County Land and Court Records. Annapolis, Maryland.

Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties, Maryland Historical Trust, Crownsville, MD •

' I - ~ . I• " l ; : . '.

Previous documentation on file_ (NPS): _ , . .. . . . . . _. D preliminary detemiinatiori of· individual listing (36 CFR 67)

. : 1h!!IS b$en requested . : ._ . , : , , • . D previously listed in the National Register 0 previously -determined eligible by the National Register 0 designated a National Historic Landmark Orecorcied by Historic American Buildings SuNey#~~----------------

0 recorded by Historic American Engineering Record #r;__ ______________ _

1 O. Geographical Data ~- Acreage of property Less than one acre

USGS Quad: Annapolis, MD UTM References A l.!.J!J 1317,218,3,0I

Zone Easting cl_Ll I I , l

Verbal Boundary Description

l413I0,918,410I Northing I I I I I I I I

. 0 See continuation sh~t r· . - - . - --

Primary location of additional data: 00 State historic preseNation office D Other State agency · 0 Federal agency [X]Local government Anne Arundel County 0University , Office ,of .P1-anning D Other . ' and Zoning . . .. Specify _repository:

B LL-I 1 ·1 I I Zone Easting

oL.t_J I I, I

1 · I I I I l Northing I I I I

0 See continuation sheet

• 1 •'.·•

The nominated property occupies Block 1, Lot 1 in the town of Highland Beach. The lot is roughly 50' x 100' in size.

i. · I : .~ .:. 0 See continuation sheet

Boundary Justification ~ £~

The boundary includes the entire town lot that has historically been associated with the property.

D See continuation sheet_

11. Form Prepared By name/title Donna M. Ware organization Anne Arundel County Planning & Zoning street & number P.O. Box 2700 city or town Annapolis

date May 1991 telephone (410) 222-7441 state Maryland zip code 21404


-National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Douglass summer House

Anne Arundel County Maryland

Section number __ 7_ Page __ 1_

GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

AA-721

The Douglass Summer House, built in 1894-95, is located in the small community of Highland Beach, five miles south of Annapolis on the Chesapeake Bay. The Douglass House is situated at the corner of Wayman and Bay avenues. Facing east, it enjoys a spectacular view of the Bay.

The Queen Anne style frame dwelling is two and one-half stories and has a hip roof. Prominent exterior features include a one-story wrap-around porch (which is enclosed on the south elevation). A corner tower at the second story southeast corner is open, creating a small second story porch.

The Douglass House rests on brick piers, and the porch on a ("rock-faced") decorated concrete-block pier foundation. Wooden lattice skirting is placed between the piers. The exterior walls are covered with German-siding except for the rear shed wing (west elevation) and the enclosed portion of the porch (south elevation) which are covered with board and batten siding. The roof is covered with wood shingles. Windows are 2/2 double hung sash except for the rear wing and enclosed porch area which are 4/4.

The house is three bays by four bays, with a central entrance on the principal facade (east elevation) . The door consists of four glazed panes above two solid raised panels.

Inside, the house consists of two principal rooms on the first floor, (front and rear). The rear shed wing (an original porch) and the enclosed porch area on the south elevation accommodate small rooms which flank the main block.

The interior walls and ceiling treatment throughout the house consist of the. original narrow beaded tongue and groove board paneling which has achieved a rich patina over the years.

Interior trim is very simple; plain board surrounds with mitered joints. The stair is located in the southwest corner of the front room. It has turned balusters and simple square newels with beveled edges and round finials.

/

See Continuation Sheet No. 2


~National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Douglass summer House


Section number __ 7_ Page __ 2_

AA-721

At the top of the stair on the second floor a door leads directly out onto the small open balcony where Frederick Douglass (had he lived to see the completion of the house) would have been able to gaze upon his native Eastern Shore where he had been born a slave.

The second floor consists of three rooms - the center room has recently been partitioned to accommodate a bath and closet and the rear (west) room has also been partitioned to include a bath.

The 1987 renovation has beautifully maintained the original fabric and character of the Douglass cottage. Interior modifications have been minimal including the changes previously mentioned on the second floor. The attic, originally unfinished, was renovated for use as a bedroom. The enclosure of the porch on the first floor south elevation is an historic alteration. During the early 20th century the Douglass family enclosed and extended it for use as a kitchen, bathroom and storage room.

The siding, windows and doors are original. During the renovation, evidence of an original wood shingle roof was found under a later asphalt shingle roof. The roof was re-shingled to match the earlier roof. Evidence of the original exterior paint scheme was also discovered during renovation and utilized. (Buff colored exterior walls with dark green trim and maroon stained roof shingles.)

Several pieces of Douglass memorabilia have remained· with the house, including an upright piano that belonged to Fannie Douglass (the wife of Joseph Douglass), a Mission oak dining table and buffet, a desk, and a photograph of Frederick Douglass inscribed "From Father to Son, taken in Boston, 1894."

The surrounding landscape had been left to deteriorate prior to ownership by the Bohls. Existing trees included oak and sweet gum. some daylilies were growing on the property. The Bohl's cleared the grounds of overgrowth retaining the above mentioned plantings and added additional daylilies, blue hydrangea and crepe myrtle.


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... Form 10«J0.e (NI)


~ National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Douglass sunnner House


Section number _"""'s.___ Page_~6-

HISTORIC CONTEXT:

OMS ApptrNel No. 1~111

AA-721

MARYLAND COMPREHENSIVE HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN DATA

Geographic Organization: Western Shore

Chronological/Developmental Period:

Industrial/Urban Dominance A.O. 1870-1930

Prehistoric/Historic Period Theme:

Architecture/Landscape Architecture/Community Planning

Social/Educational/Cultural

Resource Type:

category: Building

Historic Environment: Village

Historic Function or Use: DOMESTIC/single dwelling

Design Source: None


.... Form 10«104 (NI)


OM8 Apptowl No. 1GIU018

~National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet

Section number ___ s ___ Page_ .... 7_

HISTORIC SETTING:

Douglass Summer House Anne Arundel County Maryland

AA-721

During the period of industrial/urban dominance in Maryland, which spanned the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century, the development of resort communities evolved. Improved transportation routes, primarily railroads, provided linkage to mountain and seaside resorts. The growing working and middle class and the upper crust of society were enjoying leisure time in unprecedented_numbers. Communities such as Bay Ridge, Sherwood Forest and Gibson Island, all in Anne Arundel County, were, created for white visitors and seasonal residents. Due to racial discrimination policies, wealthy blackAmericans sought counterparts to the white resorts. Within this context, Highland Beach was founded in 1893 and soon became "the" gathering place for wealthy and prominent black Americans.

Tradition maintains that Highland Beach was founded by Major Charles Douglass, the son of famed abolitionist Frederick Douglass, after he and his wife Laura were denied entrance to Bay Ridge, a white resort on the Chesapeake Bay just south of Annapolis. Major Douglass purchased 44 acres adjoining Bay Ridge and developed his own resort community for his family and friends. In 1893, he purchased 500 feet of beachfront between oyster Creek and Black Walnut Cove from Daniel and Mary Brashears. Frederick Douglass assisted financially with his son's endeavor and purchased a lot in 1893. 1

Streets were laid out. The longest street bears the name of Douglass. Other streets were named for reconstruction era friends of Frederick Douglass, namely Bruce Wayman and John Mercer Langston.

Major Douglass was the first to build a cottage at Highland Beach. Erected in 1894, the house was a large bungalow with a wrap-around porch. Unfortunately, it was demolished in the 1950s. Picnics were held in the grove of trees surrounding the house attended by guests including some of the outstanding blackAmericans of the day.

Frederick Douglass, living at Cedar Hill in nearby Washington, o.c., was the second to construct a summer cottage for himself. His cottage is the subject of this nomination. Tradition maintains that he designed the house, specifically the second floor balcony


NP8 Form 1o.«JG.a IN9)


--,National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Douglass summer House


Section number ___ s ___ Page_...;;.s_

AA-721

facing the Chesapeake Bay, "so that I as a free man could look across the Bay to the Eastern Shore where I was born a slave." However, Douglass did not live to see it completed; he died unexpectedly at Cedar Hill on February 20, 1895. The cottage was bequeathed to his grandson Joseph H. Douglass, the son of Major Douglass, however another of Frederick's sons, Lewis Douglass, and his family occupied the cottage until 1908. Joseph Douglass and his new wife, Fannie Howard Douglass, began their annual summer visits in that year, a tradition maintained by their daughter Nettie Douglass Morris until 1986 when it was sold to the present owners, Mr. & Mrs. Charles H. Bohl. 2

Highland Beach grew slowly at first. In addition to the two Douglass cottages, approximately ten were built by 1910, including a large 9-bedroom cottage for George T. Bowen, an ex-slave and affluent Baltimore caterer and one for Dr. Johri Francis, a prominent Washington, D.C. urologist. Both survive, as do approximately three others built before 1902. The real building boom occurred between 1910 and 1930. The majority of the thirty cottages identified by the Maryland Historical Trust in 1980 were constructed during those two decades. The majority are bungalows. 3

Like the Douglass family, the George T. Bowens welcomed guests into their large cottage. · In the 1890s, the educated and professional class of black Americans was small and close-knit. Because of discrimination in the South and in some areas of the North, these families found their way to Highland Beach where they were housed by the Douglass and Bowen families. Mrs. Edna Bowen Newton, the daughter of George Bowen, remembered some of the visitors to their cottage, including Booker T. Washington, educator and founder of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama; Paul Robeson, singer and actor; and poets Langston Hughes and Paul Lawrence Dunbar. Mrs. Newton also recalled stories about the Civil War told by Lewis Douglass, another son of Frederick Douglass, and his work as a printer of his father's famous abolitionist newspaper, The North Star. 4

In 1926, the Bowen cottage was sold to Mrs. Anazine Flagg who operated "Anazine's Tea Room." She was the daughter of Whitfield McKinley who was appointed collector of the Port of Georgetown by President Theodore Roosevelt.

Mrs. Flagg recollected that patrons came from New York, Boston, North Carolina, Philadelphia and Arkansas. In her words, "Everyone wanted to come to Highland Beach. It was known to


NP8 Form 1CMICJO.a (NI)


~National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Douglass summer House


Section number ___ a ___ Page ___ 9_

OM8 Applrwrl No. 102+0018

AA-721

represent the best in Negro life." Paul Robeson, an world famous singer and actor, once visited Anazine' s Tea Room and without pressure from other guests rose from his seat on the veranda and sang a spiritual which as Mrs. Flagg remembers, "reverberated out over the Chesapeake, and the waters of the bay stood still."5

Mrs. Flagg' s father, Whitfield McKinley, sold a lot in Highland Beach to Paul Lawrence Dunbar, the famous poet. Mrs. Edna Bowen Newton recalls hearing Dunbar recite poetry on the beach one summer to residents gathered around a bonfire. Dunbar died in 1906 at the early age of 34.

In 1915, Dr. Mary Church Terrell, educator, civil libertarian and author of A Colored Woman in a White World, and her husband Robert Terrell, the first black-American municipal judge in Washington, o.c. (1910), built a cottage adjacent to Frederick Douglass' cottage, then occupied by Joseph and Fannie Douglass. One of their daughters, Mrs. Phyllis Terrell Langston made Highland Beach her permanent residence, serving as postmaster until her recent death. 6

At the death of Major Douglass in 1921, the responsibility of maintaining the spirit and traditions of Highland Beach were passed to his son, Haley Douglass. The remaining lots in Highland Beach held by Charles Douglass were bequeathed to his sons Haley and Joseph. Haley Douglass emerged as the community leader.

In 1922, the residents incorporated the town. Highland Beach is the only incorporated jurisdiction in Anne Arundel County outside of Annapolis. Haley Douglass long served as a commissioner and mayor. Mrs. Anazine Flagg recalled that Haley Douglass "really loved the place and could have sold major portions to racketeers many times, but he didn't, and he died a poor man. 117

Other important early residents were Dr. Johnny Washington, a dentist, artist and collector of Lincolniana and Dr. William Wells, an assistant professor of pathology at Howard University. They are representative of the summer residents at Highland Beach.


NI'S Form 1NQO.a (HI)


,-.. National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Douglass summer House


Section number _ _.s...__ Page __ 10_

RESOURCE HISTORY:

AA-721

The Douglass Summer House was built between 1894-1895 for Frederick Douglass the famed black humanitarian, orator and writer. It is one of the first two cottages built in Highland Beach, an exclusive resort for wealthy blacks established in 1893 by Douglass' son, Major Charles Douglass.

Tradition maintains that Frederick Douglass designed the house, specifically the second floor balcony facing the Chesapeake Bay, "so that I as a free man could look across the Bay to the Eastern Shore where I was born a slave. " However, Douglass did not live to see it completed; he died unexpectedly in February 1895. Although bequeathed to his grandson, Joseph H. Douglass, the house was occupied for the first time in the summer of 1895 by Lewis Douglass, another son of Frederick Douglass. It remained in the Douglass family until it was sold in 1986 to the present owners, Mr. & Mrs. Charles H. Bohl.

Frederick Douglass was born in 1817 as Frederick Bailey, a slave in Talbot County, Maryland. He fled to freedom, becoming a leader in the abolition of slavery and worldwide oppression. As editor of the abolitionist newspaper, The North Star, Douglass used the slogan: "Right is of no sex - Truth is of no color - God is the Father of All, and we are all Brethren." Abraham Lincoln described Douglass as "the most meritorious person I have ever seen." During the summer of 1863 Douglass was successful in convincing President Lincoln to enlist black men as soldiers in the Union Army. His own sons, Lewis and Charles, joined the newly formed 54th Massachusetts Colored Regiment (the topic of the film Glory). His other son, Frederick, Jr., recruited black men in the Mississippi River Valley. Some 186,000 black Americans served in the Grand Army of the Republic, including six regiments from Maryland. 8

At his death in 1895, Douglass' cottage at Highland Beach was bequeathed to his grandson, Joseph H. Douglass. However, Frederick's son, Lewis Douglass, and his family occupied the house at first until 1908 when Joseph and his wife Fannie Douglass began summering there. Mrs. Edna Bowen Newton, who spent summers at her. father's cottage nearby on Douglass Avenue, recalled hearing Lewis Douglass relate stories of the Civil War and of his days as a printer for his father's newspaper The North Star.


NP8 Form 1HllO-a (NI)


National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Douglass summer House


Section number ___ s.___ Page _=11--

AA-721

The tenure of Joseph and Fannie Douglass at the Douglass summer House began after their marriage in 1906. Although it has not been documented, it is assumed that Joseph and Fannie maintained the tradition of his father, and other residents, of opening his house to visitors at Highland Beach. Joseph Douglass was a concert violinist, travelling and performing extensively. Frederick Douglass had bequeathed his own violin to Joseph. Fannie Howard Douglass was an Atlanta belle and music teacher when she met her husband. Fannie became a well-known and loved resident of Highland Beach serving as postmaster for many years. She out-lived Joseph by some 50 years and at her death at the age of 101, the summer house passed to their daughter Nettie Douglass Morris. The present owners, Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Bohl, acquired the property in 1986.

Several pieces of Douglass family memorabilia have remained with the house, including an upright piano that belonged to Fannie Douglass, a Mission Oak dining table and buffet, a desk, and a photograph of Frederick Douglass inscribed "From Father to Son, taken in Boston, 1894."

Resource Analysis:

Built in 1894-1895 for Frederick Douglass, The Douglass Summer House is significant for its association with the unique development of Highland .Beach, an exclusive black resort community founded by Frederick Douglass' son, Major Charles Douglass. With the financial backing of Frederick Douglass, Major Douglass laid out the town naming the streets for prominent Reconstruction-era friends of his father such as Langston and Wayman avenues. Early residents and regular visitors included such notables as Booker T. Washington, Paul Robeson, and Paul Lawrence Dunbar. The first two cottages built were those for Major Douglass in 1894 and Frederick Douglass in 1894-1895. Unfortunately, the Major Douglass house is no longer standing. The cottage built for Frederick Douglass is the property being nominated. Although Frederick Douglass did not live to see the cottage completed, its significance is in no way diminished. As founders and long-time residents of Highland Beach, the Douglass family has left an indelible mark on the region.


NP8 Form 10«)0.e (NII)


;-National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Douglass summer House


Section number __ s_. _ Page __ 12_

AA-721

The Douglass Summer House is symbolically and visually the cornerstone of Highland Beach. It was one of the first four cottages to be built, and architecturally it is one of the most ornate. The majority of cottages are bungalows. Two of the more significant cottages are the Dr. "Johnny" Washington Cottage which displays some Queen Anne style characteristics and the Bowen Cottage, a two-story frame cross-gable cottage.

The survival of the Douglass Summer House (with considerable architectural integrity) as one of the earliest cottages at Highland Beach, its association with the Douglass family, and its integral relationship to Highland Beach, a unique community in American cultural history, make the Douglas summer House eminently qualified for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.


... Form 1040Ck fNI)


-National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Douglass summer House


Section number __ s_ Page 13

AA-721

1. Carroll Greene Jr., "Summertime - In the Highland Beach Tradition," American Visions: The Magazine of Afro-American Culture, (June 1986), p. 46.

2. Greene, "Summertime," p. 46-48; American Reformers, ed. Alden Whitman, (New York: The H.W. Wilson Co., 1985) p. 254~ and William s. McFeely, Frederick Douglass, (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1991) p. 385.

3. Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties, Anne Arundel County (AA-812-AA-842), Maryland Historical Trust, Crownsville.

4. Greene, "Summertime," p. 48.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid.

8. American Reformers, p. 253.

CAPSULE SUMMARY

Twin Oaks 3200 Wayman Avenue Highland Beach, Maryland

c. 1895

Private access

AA-721

Twin Oaks is a landmark house located in the historically black town of H!gbland Beach, Maryland. It was designed to be the summer home of Frederick Douglass and family. It is a two storey, frame dwel I ing with an enclosed porch on three views. The second storey exhibits a small tower which overlooks the Chesapeake Bay. The house~is a critical piece of architecture in this settlement because it contributes to both the social organization of space as well as the material conceptualization of space as exhibited by prominent black people of this era.

MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST AA-721

INVENTORY FORM FOR STATE HISTORIC SITES SURVEY

HISTORIC

TWIN OAKS AND/OR COMMON

fJLOCATION STREET & NUMBER

3200 Wayman Avenue CITY. TOWN

High land Beach - VICINITY OF

STATE

Mar land

IJcLASSIFICATION

.OWNERSHIP STATUS CATEGORY

_DISTRICT

_BUILDING(S)

.>_S_sTRUCTURE

_SITE

_PUBLIC _OCCUPIED

_OBJECT

~PRIVATE x_uNOCCUPIED

_BOTH _WORK IN PROGRESS

PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE

_IN PROCESS _YES: RESTRICTED

-BEING CONSIDERED - YES: UNRESTRICTED

_NO

jOWNER OF PROPERTY NAME Nel I ie Morris

Fannie H. Doug I ass ~TREET & NUMBER

1806 11th Street NW CITY. TOWN

~lash i ngton, DC _ v1c1N1TY oF

Bt~OCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC. R 57 15 0012 STREET & NUMBER .

2/411 034 770600 CITY. TOWN

DI REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE

DATE

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT l

COUNTY Anne A run de I

PRESENT USE

_AGRICULTURE -MUSEUM

_COMMERCIAL _PARK

-EDUCATIONAL X-PRIVf.TE RESIDENCE

_ENTERTAINMENT _RELIGIOUS

__ GOVERNMENT _SCIENTIFIC

_INDUSTRIAL

_MILITARY

Telephone #:

_TRANSPORTATION

_OTHER:

STATE , Zl.p code 20012

Liber #: .3107 Folio #: 081

STATE

_FEDERAL -STATE _COUNTY _LOCAL

DEPOSITORY FOfl SURVEY RECORDS

CITY.TOWN. STATE

B DESCRIPTION

-EXCELLENT

_GOOD

X.FAIR

CONDITION

_DETERIORATED

_RUINS

_UNEXPOSED

CHECK ONE

-UNALTERED

-ALTERED

CHECK ONE

)LORIGrNAL SITE

-MOVED DATE __ _

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Twin Oaks is a two storey, frame cottage with an enclosed porch encircling three views. The house exhibits some Eastern stick characteristics such as a tower on the eastern view and the decorative pattern of diagonal boards on the rail of the large porch. The cottage is finished with bevel siding and was completed as one un i t i n 18 9 5 •

Twin Oaks is located in Highland Beach, Maryland on the block which is bounded by Bay Avenue on the north, Wayman Avenue

·towards the east, Doug I ass Avenue on the south and Langston Avenue towards the west. The eastern entrance to the boupe

l " • f: 'l ' r ~, . ' r • i ) : i ' 1- ' ' '\ f .... , ' . ' .:-. f ' : .' '. \_. .-. " ' ~.

faces' the"Chesapeake Bay ano·tb~ p'roxirnity of the site to the beach mak~s tHis'lot, 6ne of fhe ... m6st'd~'si'~able- locations in the development. The lot is partially cleared although large trees rest close to the house on the northern side. The beach front of sand and water complement the exterior view of the cottage and typify the topography of th is I ot.

Twin Oaks is constructed on a stone pier foundation which is camouflaged_ by a lattice screen that surrounds the house. The principal entrance faces east towards the Chesapeake Bay. The facade of this view is three bays wide and the first storey is defined by a nine bay enclosed, screened, porch. A large (six-foot) window which is d()~bl,<; hung w.ith two lights over two lightf=!1f'SY!31n1~trically located on this facade. A series of louvered wal Is have been placed on

.the ~outh E)gstern:cQrciec 9f"the porch and extend along the south side towards the back of the house. This storage area was added after the original house was completed.

_The .torm _o~ the second storey of the house is defined by a tower with a pyramidal roof which extends above the roof of the main structure. The tower is accessible from the second floor and is located at the top of the sta:i-rcase. The tower is enclosed with screening on two sides. The windows <Dn the second storey are double hung with 2/2 fights.

The western or rear view of Twin Oaks is also defined by a porch. However, this porch is not enclosed. lt is three bays wide and is covered with a shed root supported by nondescript wooden posts. The window on the first stor~y is asymmetrically placed on the facade. A board and batten wal I encloses the contiguous porch on the western view. A shed roof is also exhibited in this storage area and a door and four paned window have been constructed here.

The windows on the second storey are also double hung with 2/2 I ights.

CONTINUE ON SEPARATE SHEET IF NECESSARY

II SIGNIFICANCE flA-7JI

PERIOD

/-qEHfSTORIC

,00-1499

-1500-1599

_1600-1699

_1700-1799

_1800-1899

_1900-

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW

--ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC -XCOMMUNITY PLANNING _LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _RELIGION

--ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC _CONSERVATION _LAW _SCIENCE

~GRICULTURE _ECONOMICS _LITERATURE _SCULPTURE

--ARCHITECTURE _EDUCATION _MILITARY X_SOCIAUHUMANITARIAN

-.ART _ENGINEERING _MUSIC _THEATER

_COMMERCE _EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT _PHILOSOPHY _TRANSPORTATION

_COMMUNICATIONS _INDUSTRY ~-POLITICS/GOVERNMENT _OTHER (SPECIFYi

_INVENTION

SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ARCHITECT

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

(Please see "Highland Beach Settlement" survey form)

Highland l;leacb, Jylarylc;ind is a'.hlstorlc.blC:Jck towo .. that wa~ founded by tbe son of FredE3rJc!<. ~ugl.as;;; •. The town.wcis conceived by Haley R. Douglass in the late nineteenth century to be a resort community for prominent blacks. Highland Beach is a unique existing reminder of town planning and architectural history as it relates to vernacular and high style design as exhi5ited by black people. Most of the architecture in Highland Beach is located on the original sites and bu i I dJ!ng expansions were performed within a ten to fifteen year time frame. This provides us with a concise history of design, space planning, and architecture in a homogeneous, extant community.

Al I of the cottages that were constructed prior to 1930 are important elements related to town planning and design. It is. imp9rtant that these house~· ret<1lin their originality in terms of plan C:Jeslgn, lot orientation, interior decoration, and architectural aesthetics ln order to preserve the concept of spac~'cin~·the· a~ri§mi~s-df ~6mmunity development in this historic black town.

Twin Oaks is one of the first three houses constru.cted in Highland Beach. ft ls particularly significant because it was d'esigned for Frederick Douglass according to specifications detailed by he and his son. The house is a focal point in the community both socially and archi.tectural ly. The qua I ity of construction and the design aesthetic were conceptually rep! icated in the development of the town unti I quite recently. It is imperative that this house be preserved as an exhibit that is critical to the documentation of African American as material !culture.


IJMAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES AA-121

see "Highland Beach Settlement" sheet

CONTlNUE ON SE~AMTE SHEET ll? NECESSAAY

ll!JGEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY--------

VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION , I (.-

Block I lot l with dwel I ing previously the Frederick Douglass home, the same beidg ori the ·corner of Bay Avenue and Wayman Avenue. With ·the right and title by the Beach front beginning from'Wayman Avenue, a width of 50 ft. extending to the shores of the Chesapeake Bay.

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVE~LAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE' COUNTY

STATE COUNTY

mFORM PREPARED BY NAME/ TITLE

Barbar-a Col I ins Turner April, 19182; ORGANIZATiON

Center for Bui It Environment Studies STREET & NUMBER '' . ' TELEPHONE·.' .

tvbrgan State University CITY OR TOWN STATE.

Ba It i mo re, Ma ry I and

>1

The Maryland Historic Sites I-nventory was officially created by an .Act of the Maryland Legislature, to be found in the Annotated Code of Maryland; A.rticle 41, Section 181 KA, 1974 Supplement.

The Survey and Inventory are being prepared for information and record purposes only and do not constitute any infringement of individual property rights.

RETURN TO: Maryland Historical Trust The Shaw House, 21 State Circle Annapolis, Maryland 21401 (301) 267-1438

PS• 1108

Fannie N. Douglass 3200 Wayman Ave

Joseph

Fannie

Fannie

1 (1)

H. Douglass

TO

N. Douglass

To

N. Douglass &

11/12/28 FSR 42 sou

7/21/78 3107 081

Nettie Douglass Morris

-~

MARYLAND HISTORICAL TRUST

INVENTORY FORM FOR STATE HISTORIC SITES SURVEY

0NAME HISTORIC

Frederick Douglass Summer Home AND/OR COMMON

"Twin Oaks"

flLOCATION STREET& NUMBER

201 Wayman Avenue CITY. TOWN

Highland Beach STATE

Maryland

DcLASSIFICATION

CATEGORY

_DISTRICT

~BUILDING($)

_STRUCTURE

_SITE

_OBJECT

OWNERSHIP

_PUBLIC

X-PRIVATE

_BOTH

PUBLIC ACQUISITION

_IN PROCESS

_BEING CONSIDERED

DOWNER OF PROPERTY NAME

Mrs. Joseph Douglass STREET & NUMBER

1806-llth Street NW CITY. TOWN >

VICINITY OF

STATUS

X...OCCUPIED

_UNOCCUPIED

_WORK IN PROGRESS

ACCESSIBLE _YES: RESTRICTED

_YES: UNRESTRICTED

_NO

Waahjngtgn _ VICINITY OF

llLOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC.

Anne Arundel County Land Records STREET & NUMBER

Church Circle CITY. TOWN

Annapolis

liJREPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT

COUNTY

Anpe Anmdel

PRESENT USE

_AGRICULTURE _MUSEUM

_COMMERCIAL __ PARK

_EDUCATIONAL X-PRIVATE RESIDENCE

_ENTERTAINMENT _RELIGIOUS

__ GOVERNMENT _SCIENTIFIC

_INDUSTRIAL _TRANSPORTATION

_MILITARY _OTHER:

Telephone #: 66 7-26 75

Lib er Folio

STATE 1 zip code

D c #: SH 49 #: 85

STATE

Maryland

20001

21401

~~D-AT-E------------------------------------------------------------------------------~

( _FEDERAL _$TATE _COUNTY _LOCAL

DEPOSITORY FOR

SURVEY RECORDS

CITY.TOWN STATE

II DESCRIPTION

-EXCELLENT

;g_GOOD

_FAIR

CONDITION

_DETER !ORATED

_RUINS

_UNEXPOSED

CHECK ONE

~UNALTERED

-ALTERED

CHECK ONE

..XORIGINAL SITE

_MOVED DATE __ _

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

Late 19th century two story clapboard summer cottage with screened

porch. The unusual 11 tower 11 is obviously a Victorian-inspired feature.

The building faces the Chesapeake Bay.

'


,,,,.JI SIGNIFICANCE f\- 7~1

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW PERIOD

_PREHISTORIC

_1400-1499

_1500-1599

_1600-1699

_1700-1799

x... 1 800-1 899

'_1900-

_-ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC

_-ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC

_-AGRICULTURI;:

_-ARCHITECTURE

_COMMUNITY PLANNING

_CONSERVATION

_ECONOMICS

_LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

_LAW

_RELIGION

_-ART

-COMMERCE

-COMMUNICATIONS

SPECIFIC DATES

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

_EDUCATION

_ENGINEERING

_EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT

_INDUSTRY

_INVENTION

_LITERATURE

_MILITARY

_MUSIC

_PHILOSOPHY

_POLITICS/GOVERNMENT

BUILDER/ARCHITECT

_SCIENCE

_SCULPTURE

..XSOCIAUHUMANITARIAN

_THEATER

_TRANSPORTATION

_OTHER !SPECIFY)

The land upon which "Twin Oaks" is situated was purchased by Frederick Douglass on November 5, 1894 (Liber SH 49, Folio 85 Anne Arundel County) from his son, Charles H. Douglass, founder of Highland Beach, the pioneer black sunnner colony.

According to Mrs, Joseph H. Douglass, her father-in-law, Frederick Douglass, had designed the small second floor screened porch in the "tower"

-~o that 11

I could as a free man. look across the bay toward the Eastern Shore ere I was born a slave 11

•

It was, heretofore, believed that Douglass had actually spent his summers in this cottage. Unfortunately, Frederick Douglass died in 1895, before construction of the house was completed. He left the property to his grandson, Joseph H. Douglass, whose widow, Mrs. Fannie H. Dquglass, still owns and uses the property.

Frederick Douglass did visit the Highland Beach site on a number of occasions before his death, February 20, 1895, in Washington, D.C.

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) was the pre-eminent black American of the 19th century, who was described by President Abraham Lincoln as 11 the ~ost meritorious man I ever met 11

• Douglass' fame was based on his leadership as an abolitionist, editor and civil libertarian. Born a slave in Talbot County, Maryland, .l1e became adviser to presidents and the U.S. Minister to I;laiti.


IJMAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES 11The Rebuff that Inspired a Town11

, a research article by Carroll Greene, Jr. Maryland Magazine, i:lummer, 1975

CONTlNUE ON SEJ;>AMTE SHEET ll? NECESSARY

IIiJGEOGRAPHICALDATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY--------

VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION

\ :J . ..: .. ,;.

LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES '~'\,

STATE COUNTY

STATE COUNTY

r.IJFORM PREPARED BY, NAME I TITLE

Carroll Greene. Jr •• Director, Snecial Projects.. . May 28, 1976 ORGANIZATION DATE ..

Maryland Commission on Afro-American and Indian History and Culture STREET & NUMBER TELEPHONE

20 Dean Street 267-5955 CITY OR TOWN STATE

Annapolis Maryland 21401 ,

r:

The Maryland Historic Sites Inventory was officially created by an Act of the Maryland Legislature, to be found in the Annotated Code of Maryland, Article 41, Section 181 KA, 1974 Supplement.

The Survey and Inventory are being prepared for information and record purposes only and do not constitute any infringement of individual property rights.

RETURN TO: Maryland Historical Trust The Shaw House, 21 State Circle Annapolis, Maryland 21401 (301) 267-1438

PS· 1108 J

---~--

AA-7.J-/ Twin Oaks 3200 Wayman Avenue Highland Beach Maryland

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DOUGLASS SUMMER HOUSE 1894

Weller, Flshblck & Bohl Archlttc:tl, P.A. Post Office Building. Church Circle

P.O. Box 1784. Annapolis, MD 21404 (301) 268-6414

L

p ~-11\

AA-7.il Twin Oaks 3200 Wayaand Avenue Hiahland Beaah. Maryland North East View Fern Eisner. Photoarapher March. 1982

AA-7J./ Twin Oaks 3200 Wayman •venue Highland Beach, Maryland Eastern View Fern Eisner, Photographer March 1982

AA· '1.J.-1 Twin Oaks 3200 Wayman Avenue Highland Beach, Maryland Western view Fern Eisner, Photographer March 1982

Documents

AA-721 Frederick Douglass Summer House, (Twin Oaks) · (Twin Oaks) 3200 Wayman Avenue Highland Beach c. 1895 The Douglass Summer House, built in 1894-95, is located in the small community