AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 1 Courtney Rogge Week 8: March 8 th, 2007 Power Group TV Nuclear Power System – with Shielding!

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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius

Courtney RoggeWeek 8: March 8th, 2007

Power Group

TV Nuclear Power System – with Shielding! Mars Crawler

Nuclear Power CapabilitiesEarth Taxi, Mars Taxi, Electric Propulsion Systems,

Sample Return, Mars Crawler

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Transfer Vehicle Power Supply

Solution from code ReactorSizing_Rogge.m by Courtney Rogge and shielding code by Mike Kowalkowski

Configuration on TV• Reactor inside Tank Truss• Reduces Shielding needed• Eliminates need for

extended Truss

Image provided by Matt Fox

Power Needed kWe 150Duration of System yrs 10System Mass mt 4.1System Volume m3 63.7System Length m 8.2System Max Diameter m 3.7

Mass kg 634Length m 100

Transfer Vehicle PowerThermoelectric Nuclear Power System

Aluminum Wire

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Mars Crawler IMLEO and IVLEO

Figure By Courtney Rogge7 m

5 m

15 m

Power 100 kWeIMLEO 33 mtIVLEO 205 m3

Mars CrawlerLength 8 mWidth 5 mHeight 5 m

Extended Length 20 mStowed Length 11 m

Vehicle Dimensions

Crane Dimensions

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Backup Slides

• Thermoelectric Nuclear Power System (TE NPS)

• Mars Crawler

• Sample Return

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• Case Shielding ~70mt

• Donut “Shadow” Shield ~10mt

• Position on TV:– Reactor Core inside Tank Truss– Donut Shield against Truss Structure– Reduces Radiation Scatter toward Crew– Propellant Tanks made of Aluminum

• Al used as smaller scale radiation shielding• Reduces radiation absorbed by propellant

TE NPS Shielding Dilemma

Image provided by Matt Fox

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TE NPS Shielding

Radiation Random Scatter

Core

Shadow Shield

Radiation Blocked: “Shadow” Created

“Shadow”

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TE NPS Shielding

Placing Reactor Behind Propellant Tanks: Conflicts with Engines

Placing Reactor In Front of Propellant Tanks: Need Case Shielding to Protect Crew

Radiation could scatter off of tanks and rebound back toward crew

Engines TVTanks

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TE NPS ShieldingExtra Truss Segment

Total Core Needs Shielding: Case Shield

HUGE mass penalty

OPTION 1

OPTION 2

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TE NPS Shielding

Propellant Tanks Truss Structure

OPTION 3: Selected Design

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TE NPS Characteristics

Assumptions for basic reactor characteristics based on Edwin Sayre, et al, Ref.1 & Alan Marriot, et al, Ref 2 & Kenneth Metcalf, et al, Ref 4

Fuel Uranium Nitride UNFuel Energy Density 65 MW-days/kgTotal System Efficiency 6.80%Wire Efficiency 98.00%Heat Pipe Capacity 10.7 kW/m2

Lithium Hydride LiHTungsten W

TE Converter Shape CylindricalOverall Shape Cylindrical

TE Nuclear Power System Characteristics

TE Converter Shield

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TE Nuclear Power System

• Technological Readiness: ready by 2020

• Advantages– Less edge wear on TE converter than flat plate– No moving parts in converter and radiator

systems

• Disadvantages– Low efficiency

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Mars Crawler Design Concept

Isometric Representation of Mars Crawler

Figure By Jon Kubiak

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Mars Crawler Capabilities• 5km/h speed

• 10km range

• 12hrs continuous operation

• Lift 15mt tank to height of 20m

• Lift 17mt TC to height of 3m

• Drag HAB, fuel tanks to location

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Mars Crawler Features• Extendable Crane

– 20m extended length– 11m stowed length– Used to lift fuel tanks and TC

• Auxiliary set of wheels– Attach to other vehicles– Used to drag other vehicles

• Bucket Loader on Front– Move Regolith– Hold regolith as counterbalance when using crane

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Mars Crawler Technical Details• Power Source: Fuel Cells• Material: Aluminum• Communication: 2 video feeds• Operation: Autonomous• Geometry: Flatbed Truck Style

– Crane attached to bed– Horizontal Stabilizers on sides– 6 wheels– Trailer Hitch

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Mars Crawler Logistics• 2 Crawlers

• Arrival– Crawler 1: Caprica (EP ship 1; syn. per. 1)– Crawler 2: Sagittaron (EP ship 2; syn. per. 4)

• Fuel for Power– H2O2: Arrives with ISPP1

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Sample Return Concept Design

CATIA models created by Steve Kassab

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1) Sayre, Edwin D., Sam Vaidyanathan, “A Solid Core Heatpipe Reactor with Cylindrical Thermoelectric Converter Modules”, Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006), edited by M.S. El-Genk, AIP, pp456-464.

2) Marriot, Alan, Toshio Fujita, “Evolution of SP-100 System Designs”, JPL, year (after 1992).

3) Lamarsh, John R., Anthony J. Barrata, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, Third Ed.. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2001.

4) Metcalf, Kenneth J., “Lunar PMAD Technology Assessment”, NASA, 1992.

5) Ben Collins, Nuclear Engineering Senior, Purdue University.

References

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6) Spencer, Bruce W., Doctor, Richard D., Wade, David C., Peddicord, Kenneth Lee, Boardman, Charles, Marucci, Dr. Giuseppe, 'A Proposed Modular-Sized, Integrated Nuclear and Hydrogen-Based Energy Supply/Carrier System', International Exchange Meeting on Nuclear Production of Hydrogen, 2000

7) Houts, Dr. Michael, Marshall Space Flight Center

8) Hrbud, Dr. Ivana, Astronautical Engineering Professor, Purdue University

9) Project Infinity: gamma and neutron flux

References

Documents

AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius Rogge - 1 Courtney Rogge Week 8: March 8 th, 2007 Power Group TV Nuclear Power System – with Shielding!