The Lao Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, No. 3

50 October - November 2001

ÀàÌÅëÀÅàãÓÃæÓòËêñâÎèÌÎçÖßÎèÀ ãÖß ÑìÈÜàåÅÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×åÌÖßÈïÌàÎê ãÁ×à ÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ

ÅßÖßÑÜÌ ÜéÌËß×íÃ1

ÍíÈÂèÈØÇçò

ÀàÌÅëÀÅàãÓÃæÓòËêñâÎèÌÎçÖßÎèÀ ãÖß âÎèÌÑìÈÜàåÅÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ× æÈòÊìÀÄèÈÉ´Ã ÎßÉéÍèÈÔïñåÌÖßÍíÍÌéâ×È ÌàÌŸÐíÌ åÌÖßÈïÌàÎê 1999 ãÖß ÖßÈïãÖòÃÎê 1999 - 2000, äÈÇæÈòÂèÈâÖìÜÀâÜíàѺÌËêñâÆéñÃæÈòÓêÀàÌÖßÍàÈ ÁÜÃÍíñ×ÝîÌãÝÃåÌÖßÈïÐíÌÎê 1998 ÏñàÌÓà, ÜèÌæÈòãÀñ 2 ÄîÈÂì: âÓìÜà ÑßÖàÌæÆ ãÖßâÓìÜà ÜîËîÓÑÜÌ,ãÁ×à ÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ ãÓÃæÓòËêñâÎèÌÅèÈÉïÎçÖßÎèÀÀèÍÙÜÌÁÜÃÈèÀãÈòÁÜÃãÓñÍíñ×æÈòãÀñÄáÌ×ÌãÉÌÍÞÌ âÆèñÌ: ãÉÌÍÞÌÈáÀ¿ÌÀñÜÃ, Platygaster oryzae (Cameron), Platygasteridae,Platygaster foerteri (Gahan), Platygasteridae, Neanastatus grallrius (Masi), Eupelmidae.ÌÜÀÄàÀÌ,ÇèÃÓêÄáÑ×À äÉÀéÌäÉÜìñÌ ËêñÀéÌÙÜÌ ãÖß äÉãÀñÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×Âì: ÙÜÌ ãÖß äÉãÀñÁÜÃãÓÃÈéÌOphionia indica (Thurberg), Carabidae. âÎêâÆèÌÀàÐàÀËêñÑíÍâØèÌØðàÇÀ×ñàÚïñåÌØðÜÈÍíñ× ãÓñÌÆßÌéÈãÉÌÍÞÌÈáÀ¿ÌÀñÜà ÅßâÖèñÇãÖò×ÓêâÊéà 15.3%. ãÓÃæÓòËêñâÎèÌÎçÖßÎèÀÀèÍãÓÃÍíñ×âÖ¸ÓÎßÀíÈÉí×ÁòÜÌÁòàÃØÖòàÆòàåÌËí ñÃÌà ÄíÌâÊéÃÀàÃâÈìÜÌÉîÖà ÎßÆàÆíÌÈè ñÃÀñà× Äë ñÃâѸÓÁ¹ÌÅï ñÖßÈèÍÅïÃÅîÈ,åÌÁßÌßËêñâ×ÖàÌ´Ì ÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×ÆŸÑèÈØðîÈÖíÃãÖò×. ÀàÌÑí×ÑèÌÖßØ×ñàÃÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ× ãÖß ÀàÌÀàÐàÀ ÓêÀàÌÑí×ÑèÌåÌÈòàÌÍ×À (R2=0.76). âÆéñÃÚàÇÂ×àÓ×ñà ÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃÍíñ×âѸÓÁ¹ÌâËíñàåÈ ÀàÌÀàÐàÀÀ¡âѸÓÁ¹ÌâËíñàÌ´Ì (density dependent). ãÉñÀíÃÀèÌÁòàÓ, ÊòàÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×ØðîÈÖíà ÄáÑ×ÀÀàÐàÀÄßÝèÀÅà ÔïñåÌÖßÈèÍâÈêÓ äÈÇÜàåÅÀàÌÀàÐàÀäÉÜìñÌ. ÑìÈËêñâÎèÌÍñÜÌÜàåÅËêñÅáÂèÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ× åÌÖßÈïãÖòà æÈòãÀñ âÁ¿àÎñà (ØÇòàÌíÀâÁíà) Oryzae rufipogon, ØÇòàÎñÜÃ(Paspalum distichum) ãÖß ØÇòàæÆ (Leersia hexandra). ãÓÃÍíñ×âÖ¸ÓÎßÀíÈÉí× ÔïñÉàÓØÇòàÈèñÃÀñà×åÌËòàÇâÈìÜÌËèÌ×à ØàâÈìÜÌâÓÅà, ãÖß ÑíÍâØèÌØðàÇÀ×ñàÚïñãÓñÌÉàÓØÇòàÌíÀâÁíà, ÊèÈÓàãÓñÌØÇòàÎñÜà ãÖß ØÇòàæÆÉàÓÖáÈèÍ.ÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×ÉçñàåÌÀàÃâÈìÜÌËèÌ×à ØàâÈìÜÌÓèÃÀÜÌ,âØÈÏíÌÜàÈâÌìñÜÃÄàÀÜîÌØßÑïÓÉçñàåÌÆñ×ÃÌ´Ì. ãÉñÅèÃâÀÈâØèÌ×ñà ÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×âѸÓÁ¹ÌÅïà åÌÆñ×ÃËòàÇâÈìÜÌÀîÓÑà ØàâÈìÜÌÓêÌà.

ÏñàÌÀàÌÅëÀÅàËíÈÖÜà ÅàÓàÈÅßØðîÍåÌâͺÜÃÉ¿ÌæÈò×ñà ÀàÌÌáåÆòÅàÌâÂÓêÉñàà ãÓñÌÇèÃÍ¡ËèÌÓêÂ×àÓÄáâÎèÌ ÊòàØàÀÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×Í¡âÊéÃÖßÈèÍâÅÈÊßÀéÈ. âÑìñÜØðîÈÏñÜÌÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×Öíà åÌÖßÈïÎêÌ´Ì, åÌÆñ×ÃÖßÈïãÖòà ÄëñÃÓêÂ×àÓÄáâÎèÌÉòÜÃæÈò Â×ÌËáÀàÌÀáÄèÈÑìÈÜàåÅÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×. ÑòÜÓÀèÌ̸ ÀàÌÎíÀÎèÀÝèÀÅà, ÜßÌîÖèÀ ãÖß ÅßØÃ×ÌãÓÃæÓòËêñâÎèÌÎßäØÇÈ À¡âÎèÌÜêÀÎèÈæÄÌëñÃËêñÅáÂèÌâÑìñÜÄßÌáæÎÅíñÃâÅêÓåÌÀàÌÎòÜÃÀèÌÑìÈãÍÍÎßÅíÓÎßÅàÌäÈÇÀàÌÌáåÆòÆê×ß×éËßÇàâÑìñÜÂ×ÍÂîÓãÓÃÍíñ×åÌËáÓßÆàÈ.åÌÁßÌßÈÞ×ÀèÌÀ¡ÇèÃâÎèÌÀàÌÝèÀÅàÂ×àÓÈîñÌÈñÞà ÁÜÃÖßÍíÍÌéâ×È×éËßÇàåÌ ÅÎÎÖà× ÜêÀÈò×Ç.

1 ÁßãÙÃÎïÀÐèÃ-ÅíñÃâÅêÓÀàÌÀßâÅÈ, ÑßãÌÀÀßÅéÀá ãÖß ÎñàæÓò, ãÁ×ÃÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ

51ÉîÖà - ËèÌ×à 2001

×àÖßÅàÌÀßÅéÀá ãÖß ÎñàæÓò, ÅßÍèÍËê 3

Study of Natural Enemies (NE) and Host Plants ofAsian Rice Gall Midge (RGM), (Wood-Mason) in

Rainfed Lowland Rice Environment in the Lao PDR

S. Inthavong 1

Abstract

The Asian rice gall midge (RGM) is the major dipteran pest of rice in countries ofSouth and Southeast Asia. It has been observed in the rainfed lowland riec, but not inthe irrigate rice environment of the Lao PDR. The study of natural enemies (NE)and host Plants of RGM was carried out in the rainfed lowland rice environment ofSavannakhet Provice, Lao PDR (wet season 1999 and dry season 1999-2000).

Species of hymenopterous parasitoids were found to be important naturalenemies (NE) of RGM: Platygaster oryzae (Cameron), Platygasteridae; Platygasterforesteri (Gahan), Platygateridae and Neanastatus grallarius (Masi), Eupelmidae.There was one predator, Ophionia indica (Thurberg), Carabidae. P.oryzae was themost abundant and most effective parasitoid in all places throughout therice-growing season. The NE appeared in the field later than RGM, with a peak ofpopulation being observed between the end of September and middle of October. Bycontrast, at this time the RGM had already begun to decline. However, therelationship between the RGM infestation and percentage of parasitism was highlycorrelated (R2=0.76), Which indicates that the relationship was positively densitydependent.

Three species of the family Graminacea (Oryzae rufipogon, Paspalumdistichum and Leersia hexandra) are believed to be the most important host plants ofRGM. Gall midge preferred the O.rufipogon to other host plants during the dry season.The highest level of RGM population was seen between the end of February andMarch and the lowest was observed between the middle of December and January.

The appication of insecticides is not necessary for RGM control when thedamage has not reached the economical threshold level. During the dry season,areas cleared of host plants are needed to minimize RGM population. Thus,conservation of NE is an important consideration in promoting biological agents tomanager RGM in order to keep a balance in the natural environment of the Lao PDR.

1 Agriculture and Extension Service, Agriculture and Forestry Office, Savannakhet Province

The Lao Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, No. 3

52 October - November 2001

ÍíÈÌá

×ÞÀÃàÌÀßÅéÀáâÎèÌÁßãÙÃÀàÌÌë ñÃËê ñÅáÂèÌ åÌÀàÌÑèÈËßÌàâÅÈÊßÀéÈ-ÅèÃÂíÓ åÌ ÅÎÎ Öà×. åÌÖßÈïÐíÌÎê 1999,ÀàÌÎïÀâÁ¿àÌàÎêÀ×ÓâÜíà 68% ÁÜÃâ̺ÜËêñÎïÀâÁ¿àËèÃÚíÈÑàÇåÌÎßâËÈ,â̺ÜËêñÎïÀâÁ¿àÌàÎ ê Å ñ×ÌØ ðàÇÇ èÃÜàåÅÌŸÐ íÌâÎ èÌØ ð èÀäÈÇÅßâÑàßâÁÈÑàÀÀàà ãÖß ÑàÀåÉò.ãÁ×ÃÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ âÎ èÌãÁ×ÃÌ ë ñ ÃË ê ñÅá èÌåÌÀàÌÏßÖéÈâÁ ¿àÑàÇåÌÎßâËÈËêñÓêâ̺ÜËê ñÌàÌŸÐíÌØðàÇÀ×ñàÚïñâÎèÌÜèÌÈèÍÌëñÃ, âÆéñÃÀ×ÓâÜíà 22% ÁÜÃâ̺ÜËêñÎïÀâÁ¿àËèÃÚíÈËí ñ×ÎßâËÈ (Lao - IRRI 1998).ãÉ ñâÌ ºÜË ê ñÅ ñ×ÌØðàÇÊìÀÎßÅíÍÀ èÍÍ èÌØàãØòÃãÖòÃ, ÌŸÊò×Ó,ÅèÈÉïÑìÈËáÖàÇãÖßÈéÌÀ¡ÓêÂ×àÓÜîÈíÓÅíÓÍïÌÉçñà(ÎÐÁÅ/Á 1999).ãÓÃÍíñ×(Asian Rice Gall Midge), Orseolia

oryzae (Wood-Mason), Ä èÈÔ ï ñåÌÚ×ÈãÓÃæÓòÎêÀÂï ñ (Family: Cecidomyiidae,

Order: Diptera, Class: Insecta) ÓêÝïÍÝñàÃÖèÀÅßÌßÂòàÇÂìÀèÍÇîÃ,âÎèÌÅèÈÉïÑìÈËêñÅáÂèÌåÌÌàâÁ¿à ãÖß ãÏñÁßØÇàÇÔïñÉàÓÑàÀѺÌÉàâ×èÌÜÜÀ ãÖß Éàâ×èÌÉíÀÅñÞÃåÉòÁÜÃÜàÆê âÆéñÃÑíÍâØèÌØðàÇÔïñËàÃÉÜÌåÉò ÁÜÃÎßâËÈÄêÌ, ÜéÌâÈèÇ, ÅêÖèÃÀà,ÍèÃÀßÖàâËÈ,âÌÎàÌ,ÑïÊàÌ,ÜéÌäÈâÌâÆèÇ,ÑßÓòà,ÀáÑïÆà,æË, Ø×ÞÈÌàÓãÖßÖà×(Inthavong 1998).

åÌÎßâËÈÖà×âÝíàãÓÃÍíñ× æÈòãÏñÁßØÇàÇÔïñÉàÓãÁ×ÃÉñàÃâÆè ñÌ:ÆÞÃÁ×àÃ

Øð×ÃÑßÍàÃ, ×ÞÃÄèÌ, ÂáÓñ×Ì, ÄáÎàÅèÀãÖß ÅàÖß×èÌ. åÌÌ´Ì, ÑíÍâØèÌØðàÇÀ×ñàÚïñãÓñÌÔï ñãÁ×à ÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ, æÆÇßÍïÖêãÖß Í çÖ éÂáæÆ (Lao-IRRI 1998).

Ôï ñãÁ×ÃÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈÊì× ñàãÓÃÍí ñ×âÎèÌÍèÌØàÅèÈÉïÑìÈËêñÅáÂèÌÉ¿ÌÉçåÌâÁÈÌàÌŸÐíÌâÎèÌÉ¿ÌåÌâÁÈâÂéñÃÑïÈÜÇãÖßÑïÈÜÇÜèÌâÎèÌÅàâØÈâÝèÈåØòÏíÌÏßÖéÈâÁ¿àâÅÇØàÇ âÎèÌÄáÌ×ÌØðàÇåÌÆñ×ÃÖßÈïÐ íÌ. ãÉ ñÖßÎêã Ó Ã Í í ñ × æ È ò ã Ï ñ Á ß Ø Ç à Ç À à Ì Ö ß Í à ÈãÉÀÉñàÃÀèÌ ÔïñÉàÓÉí×âÓìÜÃÉñàà ÁÜÃãÁ×ÃâÆèñÌ:âÓìÜÃÑßÖàÌæÆ,âÆäÎÌ,×éÖßÍïÖê,ÑêÌ, ÌÜÃ, ÜàÈÅßÑèÃËÜÃ, ÜàÈÅßÑÜÌ,ÜîËîÓÑÜÌ, æÆÍïÖê, ÆíÌÍïÖê ãÖß ÂèÌËßÍïÖê.Ü êÃÉàÓÀàÌÅáØð×È ãÖß ÎßâÓ êÌÏ íÌâÅèÇØàÇÄàÀãÓÃÍíñ×âÖ¸ÓÉ¿ÌãÉñÎê 1994 Øà1999âØèÌæÈò×ñàÎßÀíÈÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×ÔïñÍàÃËòÜÃÊéñÌ ÅïÃâÊéà 97% åÌÆñ×ÃØðèÃÄàÀÎèÀÈáâÁ¿àæÈò 65 ×èÌ(ÎÐÁÅ/Á2000).ÏñàÌÓà ÀàÌÎòÜÃÀèÌ ãÖß ÀáÄèÈãÓÃÍí ñ×ÁÜÃÆà×ÌàÅñ×ÌØðàÇãÓñÌÎßÎñÜÇæÎÉàÓËáÓßÆàÈ,ãÉñÓêÆà×ÌàÄáÌ×ÌÌëñÃæÈòåÆòÅàÌâÂÓêÉñàÃËêñÝîÌãÝà Ø×ñàÌ Øð ì ÅêÈåÅñÉàÓæÝñÌàÔñàÃÆßÆàÇ Í¡ÊìÀÉòÜÃÉàÓØð èÀ×éÆàÀàÌ, ÜèÌâÎèÌÅàâØÈ âÝèÈåØòãÓÃæÓòËêñâÎèÌÎßäØÇÈ âÎèÌÉ¿Ì ãÓÃæÓòËê ñâÎèÌÎçÖßÎèÀÀèÍãÓÃÍíñ×æÈòÊìÀÈèÍÅïÌØàÇæÎ,ÅîÈËòàÇÀ¡ÅíñÃÏíÌÅßËòÜÌâÝèÈåØòÓêÎàÀíÈÀàÌãÏñÖßÍàÈÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×âѸÓÁ¹ÌÔñàÃæ××à.ÀàÌÎòÜÃÀèÌãÖß ÄáÀèÈãÓÃÍíñ×ÓêØðàÇ×éËêËàÃâÆèñÌ×ñà:

53ÉîÖà - ËèÌ×à 2001

×àÖßÅàÌÀßÅéÀá ãÖß ÎñàæÓò, ÅßÍèÍËê 3

ÖßÍàÈÁÜÃãÓÃÍí ñ× ãÖß ÀàÌÀàÐàÀ,âÆ é ñ ÃÑ í×Ñ èÌÀ èÍÀàÌÄßâÖ êÌâÉ êÍäÉÁÜÃÉ¿ÌâÁ¿àåÌâÃì ñÜÌæÁËáÓßÆàÈ.

ÜîÎßÀÜÌ ãÖß ×éËêÀàÌ

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ÀàÌÅ ëÀÅàæÈ ò Ä è ÈÉ ´ ÃÎßÉ éÍ è ÈåÌÌàÎ êÖßÈïÐíÌÎê1999,äÈÇæÈòÂèÈâÖìÜÀâÜíàÅßÊàÌËêñ âÆéñÃÓêÀàÌÖßÍàÈÝîÌãÝÃÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×åÌãÉñÖßÎêÏñàÌÓàÔïñ 4 ÍòàÌ Âì: ÍòàÌÌàäÅÀ,ÍòàÌÜîÈíÓæÆ, ÍòàÌÌàãÀ ãÖß ÍòàÌÅíÍÜïñ,âÓìÜà ÑßÖàÌæÆ, ãÁ×à ÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ.ãÉñÖßÍòàÌâÖìÜÀâÜíà4ÄîÈ,ãÉñÖßÄîÈÅîñÓâÜíà25 ÅîÓâÁ¿à ËêñÓêÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃÍíñ× (1,2,3É¿Ì É¡ ÅîÓ). ÀàÌÅáØð×ÈãÓñÌæÈòÄ èÈÉ´ÃÎßÉéÍèÈâÈìÜÌÖß 2 ´à äÈÇâÖ¸ÓÉ¿ÌØðèÃÄàÀÎèÀÈáâÁ¿àæÈò 20 ×èÌ ÄíÌâÊéÃ×èÌâÀèÍÀñÞ×.ãÉñÖß´ÃæÈòâÀèÍÀáÁçòÓïÌ:ÄáÌ×ÌÉ¿ÌËèÃÚíÈ,ÄáÌ×ÌÉ¿ÌËêñÊìÀËáÖàÇ(ÄáÌ×ÌØðÜÈÍíñ×),ãÖßÂéÈæÖñâÎèÌâÎêâÆèÌÀàÌËáÖàÇ.ÄàÀÌ´ÌæÈòâÀèÍâÜíàÉí×ÔñàÃØðÜÈÍí ñ× ÄáÌ×Ì 100ØðÜÈ Ëê ñÓêÙÜÌ Øð ì ÈèÀãÈòÁÜÃÍí ñ× Ôï ñÁòàÃåÌåÅ ñÊ íÃÔàÃâÑ ì ñÜÌáæÎÅ ìÍÉ ¡ âÑàßÖ òÞÃåÌØòÜÃËíÈÖÜÃ. ÄàÀÌ´Ì, ØðÜÈÍíñ×ËêñæÈòÓàæÈòÊìÀÌáæÎãÇÀåÅñ ãÉñÖßØðÜÈãÀò× (test

tube), åÆòÌŸÅêÈÑíñÌåÅñåÌØðÜÈãÀò×âÖèÀ

×éËêÀàÌâÁÈÉßÀá, ÀàÌÂ×ÍÂîÓËàÃÈòàÌÆê×ß×éËßÇà,ÀàÌÌáåÆòãÌ×ÑèÌâÁ¿àËêñËíÌËàÌÉ¡Íí ñ× ãÖß ÀàÌÌáåÆòÅàÌâÂÓêËê ñÊìÀÉòÜÃ(Pathak & Khan 1994). ãÓÃæÓòËê ñâÎ èÌÎçÖßÎèÀÀèÍãÓÃÍíñ×åÌÆñ×ÃæÖÇßâÎèÌÙÜÌãÖß ÈèÀãÈòæÈòãÀñÄáÑ×ÀãÉÌÍÞÌØðàÇÆßÌéÈâÆéñÃÌÜÌÔïñåÌÉßÀîÌ Platygasteridae,Braconidae, Eupelmidae (Hidaka et al1974 & 1996; Barrion et al 1996;Kobayashi et al 1981&1990).ÌÜÀÄàÀ̸ÇèÃÓê×èÈÆßÑìÈØðàÇÆßÌéÈËêñâÎèÌÍñÜÌÜàåÅãÖß ÑèÀÉí×ÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ× ËêñâÎèÌÍñÜÌÜàåÅãÖß ÑèÀÉí×ÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×(Joshi et al 1984 &Hidaka et al 1996).

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The Lao Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, No. 3

54 October - November 2001

ÔïñÉàÓ×èÈÅßÑìÈ, âÎèÌÉ¿ÌãÓñÌÄáÑ×ÀØÇòàåÍãÂÍ âÆéñÃÌÜÌÔïñåÌÉßÀîÌ GraminaceaËêñâÀêÈÔïñÉàÓæÝñÌà ãÖß ÖÞÍÉàÓØò×ÇÝñÜÃÙÜÃÍëÃÉñàà Ôï ñÍçÖéâ×ÌÜòÜÓãÜòÓËí ñÃÌà.ãÉñÖßÄîÈæÈòÌèÍÄáÌ×ÌÇÜÈØÇòà(growingpoints) ãÉñÖßÆßÌéÈ, ÌèÍÄáÑ×ÀÇÜÈÊìÀËáÖàÇÄàÀÍí ñ× (ØðÜÈÍí ñ×). ãÖß ÂéÈæÖñâÎêâÆèÌÀàÌÖßÍàÈ. ØÖèÃÄàÀÌ´Ì, ÔïñãÉñÖßÍòàÌ æÈòâÀèÍÉí×ÔñàÃØðÜÈÍíñ× ÄáÌ×Ì 100ØðÜÈ ãÖò×ÌáÓà×éæÄåÌØòÜÃËíÈÖÜà äÈÇåÆòÀòÜÃÄîÖßËèÈ(dessecting microscope)âÑìñÜåÄòãÇÀÙÜÌ ãÖß ÈèÀãÈòÁÜÃÍíñ×

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55ÉîÖà - ËèÌ×à 2001

×àÖßÅàÌÀßÅéÀá ãÖß ÎñàæÓò, ÅßÍèÍËê 3

(Hymenopterous parasitoids). ãÉÌÍÞÌâØ ð í ñ àÌ ¸×àÃæÁ ñâÑ ì ñÜÀàÐàÀÙÜÌ ãÖßÈèÀãÈ òÁÜÃÍ í ñ×Ä íÌ íÍÝÜÍ×íÃÄÜÌÆê× éÈÀàÇâÎèÌäÉãÀñ Äë ñÃâÂì ñÜÌÇòàÇæÎØàÜàåÅÙÜÌ Øðì ÈèÀãÈòÁÜÃÍíñ×äÉÜìñÌâÑìñÜÀàÐàÀÉ¡æÎ.ãÉÌÍÞÌÈèñÃÀñà×Óê3ÆßÌéÈÂì:ãÉÌÍÞÌÈáÀ¿ÌÀñÜÃPlatygaster oryzae (Cameron)Platygasteridae;ãÉÌÍÞÌPlatygasterfoerteri (Gahan), Platygasteridae; ãÖßãÉÌ Neanastatus grallarius (Masi),EupelmidaeÄáÑ×ÀäÉÀéÌäÉÜìñÌ(predator)ËêñÑíÍÓêÑÞÃãÉñÆßÌéÈÈÞ×âËíñàÌ´ÌÂì:ãÓÃÈéÌOphionia indica (Thurberg), Carabidae

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ËáÓßÆàÈåÌÖßÈïÐíÌÌàÎê 1999 âØèÌæÈò×ñà

ãÉÌÍÞÌÀ¿ÌÀñÜà ÓêâÎ êâÆ èÌÀàÐàÀÙÜÌãÖß ÈèÀãÈòÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×ÅïÃÀ×ñàÚïñ 15.3%.ÊèÈÓàãÓñÌãÉÌ Neanastatus grallarius(Masi), Eupelmidae 2.7%, ãÖß ãÉÌPlatygaster foersteri (Gahan),Platygasteridae 1.35%. Å ñ×ÌâÎ êâÆ èÌÀàÌËáÖàÇÈò×ÃÁÜÃãÓÃÈéÌ (predator)ØàÀãÉÀÀçÅïÃÅîÈ âÆé ñÃÀíÃÀèÍâÈìÜÌ ÀèÌÇà(ØèðÃÎèÀÈáâÁ¿àæÈò 42-56×èÌ) Ì´ÌÊòàÅíÓËÞÍÓêÑÞÃãÉñ 1.40% âËíñàÌ´Ì ÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃÀàÐàÀãÖßäÉÀéÌäÉÜìñÌæÈòÎßÀíÈÉí×åÌËíñÃÌàØÖòàÆòà ÄíÌâÊéÃËòàÇâÈìÜÌ ÀçÖßÀíÈÄëñÃâÖ¸Ó

ÝïÍÅßãÈà 1: ÀàÌÎßÀíÈÉí×ãÉñÖßâÈìÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃæÓòËêñâÎèÌÎçÖßÎèÀÀèÍãÓÃÍíñ×åÌÖßÈïÎïÀâÁ¿àÌàÎê âÓìÜà ÑßÖàÌæÆ, ãÁ×ÃÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ (ÖßÈïÐíÌÎê 1999)

ÀçÖßÀíÈ ÅéÃØà ÀèÌÇà ÉîÖà ÑßÄéÀ

The Lao Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, No. 3

56 October - November 2001

hexandra. ØÇòàâØðí ñà̸âÎèÌÍñÜÌÜàåÅ ãÖßÑèÀÉí×Ëê ñÅáÂèÌåÌÀàÌÁßØÇàÇÉí×ÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×åÌÖßÈïãÖòÃ.

ÎßÀíÈÀàÌÁÜÃØðÜÈÍíñ× ãÖß ÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×åÌÑìÈÜàåÅ ØÇòàÌíÀâÁíàÅñ×ÌØðàÇÑíÍâØèÌÔï ñÉàÓãÂÓÙÜÃ, Åñ×ÌØÇòàæÆ ãÖß ØÇòàÎñÜÃÑíÍâØèÌÔïñÉàÓÂèÌÌà, æÝñÌà ãÖßãÂÓÙÜÃÍëÃÉñàà Ëê ñÓ êÌŸÁèÃÉßØðÜÈÎê. ØðÜÈÍí ñ×ÎßÀíÈÓêÉßØðÜÈÖßÈïãÖòà ãÖß ÖßÈïÐíÌÔ ï ñÉàÓØÇòàÌ íÀâÁ íà, Å ñ×ÌØÇòàæÆ ãÖßØÇòàÎñÜà ÎßÀíÈÓêÑàÇØðèÃâÀèÍÀñÞ×âÁ¿àÜÜÀÄàÀæÝñÌà. Ô ï ñ âÓ ìÜÃÑßÖàÌæÆ ÑíÍâØèÌØ ðÜÈÍ í ñ×Ø ðàÇÀ× ñàÚï ñ ãÓ ñÌÔ ï ñÉàÓØÇòàÌíÀâÁíà, ÊèÈÓàãÓñÌØÇòàÎñÜà ãÖß ØÇòàæÆ,Æ ñ × Ã Ë ê ñ Ø ð Ü È Í í ñ × Î ß À í È Ó ê Ø ð à Ç À × ñ à Ú ï ñãÓñÌåÌÆñ×ÃÀàà Øà ËòàÇâÈìÜÌ ÓêÌà ãÖß ñÜǃØð îÈÖ íà åÌË òàÇâÈ ìÜÌ âÓÅà(ÝïÍÅßãÈà 4).Åñ×ÌÔïñâÓìÜÃÜîËîÓÑÜÌ,ØðÜÈÍ í ñ×ÎßÀ íÈâØ èÌØ ðàÇÔ ï ñÉàÓØÇ òàÌ íÀâÁ íàâÚìÜÌÀèÌÀèÍÔï ñ âÓ ìÜÃÑßÖàÌæÆ; ãÉñÊ òàÅ íÓËÞÍØðÜÈÍ í ñ×Ô ï ñÉàÓØÇòàÎ ñÜà ãÖßØÇòàæÆãÖò×âØèÌ×ñà ÓêØðàÇÀ×ñàâÓìÜÃÑßÖàÌæÆ (ÝïÍÅßãÈà 5). åÌÖßÈïãÖòÃÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍí ñ×åÌæÖÇßâÎèÌÙÜÌØì ð È èÀãÈ ò Å ñ×ÌØ ðàÇãÓñÌÜàåÅÔï ñÉàÓØÇòàÌíÀâÁíà, ÊèÈÓàãÓñÌØÇòàÎñÜà ãÖßØÇòàæÆ. ÔïñâÓìÜà ÑßÖàÌæÆ, ÑíÍâØèÌÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×ÎßÀíÈÉí×ÔïñÉàÓØÇòàÌíÀâÁíà

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ÏíÌÀàÌÅáØð×È åÌÑìÈÜàåÅÁÜÃãÓÃÍí ñ×ÖßÈïãÖòà Ôï ñ 2 Éí×âÓìÜÃÈè ñÃÀñà×ÑíÍâØèÌ×ñà ÎßÆàÀÜÌãÓÃÍí ñ× Åñ×ÌØðàÇÜàåÅÔï ñÉàÓâÁ¿àÎñà (ØÇòàÌíÀâÁíà) ãÖßÄáÑ×ÀØÇòàåÍãÂÍ(FamilyGraminacea)

ËêñâÀêÈÔïñÉàÓãÂÓÙÜà ÖÞÍÉàÓæÝñÌàÁÜÃÆà×Ìà.âÆéñÃÖ×ÓÓê 3 ÆßÌéÈÂì: ØÇòàÌíÀâÁíà(âÁ¿àÎñà), Oryzae rufipogon, ØÇòàÎñÜÃPaspalum distichumãÖßØÇòàæÆ Leersia

ÎßÀíÈÉí×Á¹ÌãÖßÂñÜǃâѸÓÎßÆàÀÜÌÁ¹ÌâÖºÜǃ ÄíÌâÊéÃÖßÈèÍÅïÃÅîÈ åÌËòàÇâÈìÜÌÉîÖà, Øð èÃÄàÀÌ´ÌÀ¡ÂñÜǃØðîÈÖíà åÌâÈìÜÌÑßÄéÀ (ÝïÍÅßãÈà 1). åÌÆñ×ÃâÁ¿àãÉÀÀçâÎêâÆèÌÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃÍíñ×ãÖßÀàÌÀàÐàÀâØèÌ×ñà âÎêâÆèÌÀàÐàÀÁòÜÌÁòàÃÉç ñà âÆé ñÃÓêÑÞÃãÉñ 4.5-29.3% âËíñàÌ´Ì, åÌÁßÌßËêñâÎêâÆèÌÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃÍíñ×ÆŸÑèÈÅïÃâÊéÃ50%âÎêâÆèÌÀàÐàÀÅïÃÅîÈåÌÆñ×ÃÉ¿ÌâÁ¿à ÀáÖèÃÊÜÀÝ×à âÆéñÃÀíÃÀèÍâÈìÜÌ ÉîÖà (ÝïÍÅßãÈÃ2). âÊéÃÔñàÃåÈÀ¡ÉàÓ, ÀàÌÑí×ÑèÌËèÃÅÜÃ̸ÓêÂ×àÓÚàÇÔïñ×ñà ÊòàØàÀÓêÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×âѸÓÁ¹ÌâËíñàåÈÀàÌÀàÐàÀÀ¡ÄßâѸÓÁ¹ÌâËíñàÌ´Ì;ãÉñÀíÃÀèÌÁòàÓ,ÊòàÎßÆàÀÜÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍ í ñ×Ø ð îÈÖ íà ÎßÆàÀÜÌÀàÐàÀÇèÃÝèÀÅàÔïñåÌÖßÈèÍâÈêÓäÈÇÄßÜàåÅÀàÌÀàÐàÀãÓÃæÓòÜìñ̃ (ÝïÍÅßãÈà 38).

57ÉîÖà - ËèÌ×à 2001

×àÖßÅàÌÀßÅéÀá ãÖß ÎñàæÓò, ÅßÍèÍËê 3

ÝïÍÅßãÈà 2:Â×àÓÈîÌÈñÞÃÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ× ãÖß ÀàÌÀàÐàÀåÌÖßÈïÎïÀâÁ¿àÌà Îê âÓìÜà ÑßÖàÌæÆ, ãÁ×à ÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ (ÖßÈïÐíÌÎê 1999)

ÀçÖßÀíÈ ÅéÃØà ÀèÌÇà ÉîÖà ÑßÄéÀ

ÝïÍÅßãÈà 3: Â×àÓÏïÀÑèÌÀèÌÖßØ×ñàÃâÎêâÆèÌÀàÌÖßÍàÈÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ× ãÖß âÎêâÆèÌÀàÐàÀåÌËíñÃÌà âÓìÜÃÑßÖàÌæÆ, ãÁ×ÃÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ(ÖßÈïÐíÌÎê 1999)

The Lao Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, No. 3

58 October - November 2001

ÝïÍÅßãÈà 4: ÎßÀíÈÀàÌÁÜÃãÓÃÍíñ×Ôï ñÉàÓÑìÈÜàåÅåÌÖßÈïãÖòÃ, âÓìÜà ÑßÖàÌæÆãÁ×à ÅßØ×èÌÌßâÁÈ (ÖßÈïÐíÌÎê 1999)

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59ÉîÖà - ËèÌ×à 2001

×àÖßÅàÌÀßÅéÀá ãÖß ÎñàæÓò, ÅßÍèÍËê 3

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The Lao Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, No. 3

60 October - November 2001

ÑíÍâØèÌâÚìÜÌÀèÌÔï ñÎßâËÈæË(Hidaka et al

1974);ÜéÌäÈâÌâÆèÇ,ÍèÃÀàÖàâËÈ,ÜéÌâÈèÇ

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61ÉîÖà - ËèÌ×à 2001

×àÖßÅàÌÀßÅéÀá ãÖß ÎñàæÓò, ÅßÍèÍËê 3

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The Lao Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, No. 3

62 October - November 2001

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2000.ÍíÈÖàÇÃàÌÎßÄá6âÈìÜÌÉ¿ÌÎê.

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