Aalborg Universitet, 14 June 2017 Maritime Microgrids · Shipboard power system : Electrification in ship. This is the introduction to the shipboard power system. There is 4 types

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk

Maritime Microgrids

Josep M. Guerrero Professor in Microgrids, IEEE Fellow,

Department of Energy Technology Aalborg University, Denmark

[email protected]

Aalborg Universitet, 14 June 2017

www.maritime.et.aau.dk


State-of-the-art and trends in SPS

AC-DC grids in SPS

Power Quality Issues in SPS

Cold-Ironing

ESS integration



AC-DC grids in SPS


AC-DC grids in SPS


Cold-Ironing

ESS integration


The electr ic propuls ion solut ions appl ied for some of the main vessel types. Based on the di fference requirement of the ship mission.

Drillship with power and propulsion overview.

Cruise vessel with power and propulsion overview.

Offshore support/construction vessels with power and propulsion overview.

LNG Carrier with power & propulsion overview.


Conventional Ship

G

Switchboard

Service Loads

Prime Mover

Prime Mover Propulsion

Reduction and Gearbox

G

Switchboard

Service Loads

Prime Mover

GPrime Mover M

Electric Propulsion

G Reduction Gearbox

Switchboard

G Reduction Gearbox

Shaft Generator

Prime Mover

Prime Mover

Service Loads

Propulsion

Propulsion

Shaft Generation Solution

Integrated Power System (AC) Integrated Power System (DC)

(Parallel) Hybrid Propulsion Solution

Game changer: Growing demand of electricity

Game changer: Energy storage

G Reduction Gearbox

Shaft Generator

Prime Mover Propulsion

Battery

Service Loads

GPrime Mover

ElectricPropulsionBattery

Service Loads


Shipboard Power System architectures

Hybrid electric propulsion system with energy storage architecture. The energy storage allows for more optimal operation of the prime movers for reduced emissions and fuel consumption

Hybrid electric propulsion system architecture. Propulsion is provided at low speed by electric motor. At higher speed provided by the prime movers propulsion power.

Segregate electric plant architecture. The propulsion and power generation separated.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Shipboard power system : Electrification in ship. This is the introduction to the shipboard power system. There is 4 types of architectures in SPS: 1) 2) Combination between diesel and electric motor to drive the propeller. Plus with ESS 3)


Listen to the industry and look at the trend (DNV-GL: IN FOCUS- The future is hybrid) :


Terrestrial Microgrids V.S. Shipboard Microgrids:

0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20

Intermittent Renewables Regular Loads

Shipboard Microgrids Economical Generation Dynamic Loads

0 5 10 15 20

1 Genset online

2 Genset online

3 Genset online

0 5 10 15 20

Intermittency Compensation

Instant Power Support

Mismatch in Generation & Consumption

Control of Energy Storage Systems Terrestrial Microgrids

G

G

Fuel Air+

Battery Bank

Generator Set #1

Generator Set #2

Fuel cell Stack

Propulsion Loads

Auxiliary & service

Loads

EDLC Bank

Key Point


ESSGenerator Set #2Generator Set #1

/ WoP

lim+P

/ VdcV

refV

fδψ ESSGenerator Set #2Generator Set #1

/ WoP

lim+P

/ VdcV

refV

fδψ

Inner Loop*refV

refI

Current Regulator

Voltage Regulator

Voltage Equation

refω refP

limIPower Management Function

dcVbatI

Battery Bank Bi-DC/DC Converter

PWM

SoC

Operation Data

secVδPower Management

Function

refω

*refV

Excitation Curve

maxωopmω ω

refψ

dcV

Secondary Regulator

refψ fV

mdLsecδψ

terδψrefP oP

Tertiary Regulator

fdI

PI

Optional

Higher levels design：

Distribution Level（To be performed）

Voltage Restoration Level• Nominal Voltage Restoration Function• QoS Management

Optimization Level• Fuel Consumption Optimization Function• Joint SoC-Generation Scheduling

Power sharing Level• Inverse-droop based voltage deviation calculation• Master/slave based voltage & current control

Physical Level of Microgrid

*refV

( )Vδ δψ

eω &P


Real-time Simulation Results： Using Inverse-droop Using Frequency-division Inverse-droop


Integration of Microgrid Technologies In Future Seaports - Nor Baizura Binti Ahamad

Energy Management System in Shiphoard Microgrids - Muzaidi Bin Othman

Maritime DC Microgrid Based On-Board Power System- Zheming Jin

Power Electronics and Power Quality in Maritime Microgrids Systems - Wenzhao Liu



AC-DC grids in SPS


Cold-Ironing

ESS integration



AC-DC grids in SPS


Cold-Ironing

ESS integration


Source: Vacon Power / Danfoss



Ferry in Kaohsiung Ferry retrofitting




AC-DC grids in SPS


Cold-Ironing

ESS integration



AC-DC grids in SPS


Cold-Ironing

ESS integration


Intergrated Power Systems in ships Structure of DC/AC Maritime Microgrid systems

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Our microgrid comprises three power levels: Power/ frequency droop methodology (decentralized control) Inner loops (control strategies by means of resonant controllers to track 50Hz component/ Reject harmonics from the voltage) Tertiary : This energy production level controls the power flow Outside the microgrid . P and Q power flow at the PCC Hierarchical control of microgrids Primary control – Inside the DG units Droop functions – Virtual inertias Harmonic current sharing Hot-swap operation Secondary control – Inside the microgrid Frequency and amplitude restoration Synchronization loops Tertiary control – Outside the microgrid P and Q power flow at the PCC


Harmonic/Inter-harmonic Unbalanced Waveforms

Frequency Variation Power oscillations Flickers, Notching and Fluctuation

Power flow/Power sharing Protection

Prime Mover

Prime Mover

Prime Mover

Prime Mover

#1 Generator

#2 Generator

#3 Generator

#4 Generator

Bus Tie

M

M

Electical Propulsion System

Electical Propulsion System

Power Generation System

#1 Main Switchboard

#2 Main Switchboard

Ship Grid (PCC)

Breaker#1 Load Center

#2 Load Center

Automatic Bus Transfer

Ship Service Loads system

Ship Service Loads

Presenter

Presentation Notes



PowerSource

and Storage

AC Bus

1L

1C

1i

1dcC

2L

2C

2i

2dcC

Line impadance

STS

DC load

unbalanced voltage

dcv

dci

acp

acq

dcp

( )t s ( )t s

DC Bus

PowerSource

and Storage

AC load

Motor

Control Devices

PowerCompensation

Voltage/FreqRegulation

HarmonicSuppression

Advanced Stucture

PPF

APF

HAPF PFC SVC

STATCOM

UPS

DVR

SSTS

UPQC

MMC

MMC-UPQCMMC-APF

MMC-STATCOM

IHAPF

Control Methods

Power Quality Control

Hysteresis

PI

PR

Dead-beat

PredictiveFuzzy

Repetitive

Robust

Fig.3 AC Microgrid Model Fig.5 Basic PQ control methods

Upper Level Operators（Interfaces to intentional operation）

Tertiary LevelEconomic Dispatching and Optimization

Microgrid Supervision Generation Plan

Secondary LevelPower Quality Control

Power Flow Control Generation Mode Selection

Primary LevelPower Sharing Control

Voltage and Current Control Local Supervision

Physical Level of Microgrid

Fig.4 Different control layers in hierarchical control

Presenter

Presentation Notes



0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4

[1] W.Liu, X.Guo, Josep.M. Enhanced Power Quality and Minimized Peak Current Control in An Inverter based Microgrid under Unbalanced Grid Faults. 2016

Presenter

Presentation Notes



Harmonic/Inter-harmonic Unbalanced Waveforms

Frequency Variation Power oscillations Flickers, Notching and Fluctuation

Power flow/Power sharing Protection

Presenter

Presentation Notes



Fig .13 coventional control results I Fig .14 coventional control results II

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4

a) Output current

Harmonics

b) Active and reactive power estimation

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4a) Output current

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.3 0.35 0.4

Oscillations

b) Active and reactive power estimation

Sinusoidal

Constant

Presenter

Presentation Notes



Source: Danfoss



(2)

However, few maritime standards clarified the detailed requirement for the power system onboard except PRS, it is requires that the grid voltage unbalance factor should not be higher than 3% for any electric power system in ships. For the naval ship, only lower than 2% unbalances are permitted for the continuous grid voltage conditions.


Engine room

Pump

Diesel generator Control board Ship


(2)

Fig .1 The industrial AC MMGs based on Horizon II ship

~~

M3~

G13~

G23~

G33~ BP

3~

MS bus 3×400V/50Hz

MS#1 3×230V/50Hz

Consumers3×230V

MS#2 3×230V/50Hz

Consumers3×230V

Consumers3×400V

G1 376kVA

BP10kW

G2 376kVA

G3 376kVA

TR#1 400/230V

20kVA

TR#2 400/230V

20kVA

TM125kW

Power conveter with filter

E1 357kW

E2 357kW

E3 357kW






AC-DC grids in SPS


Cold-Ironing

ESS integration



AC-DC grids in SPS


Cold-Ironing

ESS integration


• Change grid frequency from 50Hz to 60Hz and synchronize with ships grid. • Reduced local emissions, noise and vibrations • Increased lifetime for ships engines • Allow maintenance on the ships engines during the harbour stay • Bi-directional: Generator load test power can be fed back to the shore grid – complying to local grid

code

Source: Vacon Power / Danfoss


~ ~ ~

G

G

Frequency converter

Transformer switchboard

S2SP connection cable

switchboard

Transformer

switchboard

Onboard generator sets

Shoreside Shipside

Main utility grid

Generic cold ironing standard requirement


• D i re c t l y ex t e n d t h e sys t e m b y re p l i ca t e s t h e c o m p l et e re g i m e o f e a c h b e r t h w i t h f re q u e n c y c o n v e r t e r a n d t ra n s fo r m e r.

• E xc e l l e n t f l ex i b i l i t y a n d re d u n d a n c y • H i g h c o s t i n g

• U s e d o n e f re q u e n c y c o n v e r t e r a s a c e n t ra l a n d d o u b l e b u s b a r t o a l l o w e d t h e s h i p b e r t h i n g e i t h e r 5 0 H z o r 6 0 H z .

Centralised cold ironing configuration

Distributed cold ironing configuration


• B y ex t e n d i n g o f t w o p re v i o u s c o n f i g u ra t i o n w i t h i n t ro d u c i n g D C b u s .

• E a s i e r t o i n t e g ra t e w i t h a n y e n e rg y s t o ra g e d e v i c e

• A b l e t o u s e i n s m a l l q u a y a re a

DC distribution configuration

E. A. Sciberras, B. Zahawi, D. J. Atkinson, A. Juando, and A. Sarasquete, “Cold ironing and onshore generation for airborne emission reductions in ports,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part M J. Eng. Marit. Environ., vol. 230, no. 1, p. 1475090214532451, 2014.



AC-DC grids in SPS


Cold-Ironing

ESS integration



AC-DC grids in SPS


Cold-Ironing

ESS integration



0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 806

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Time (minutes)

Powe

r [MW]

Measured LoadAverage Demand

Heavy DP&

Normal Drilling

Normal DP&

Normal Drilling

Heavy DP&

Heavy Drilling

Survival

www.microgrids.et.aau.dk 44

Power Energy

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (s)

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Pow

er (M

W)

1st Cycle 2nd Cycle

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Time (s)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Pow

er (M

W)

Energy required (injection) for each lifting period

Injecion for compensation period


DCDC

ACDC

Econ

omic

Pow

er D

ispat

ch

Energy Storage System

Drilling Drive

AzimuthThruster

Electric Power Plant

DC Load

AC Load

System Load

Mission Profile

Shipboard Section

Plant Configuration

Units Specifications

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 806

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Time (minutes)

Powe

r [M

W]

Total Load

Measured LoadAverage Demand

Case A

Case B

Case C

Case D



1. Z. Jin, L. Meng, J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero, “Specialized Hierarchical Control Strategy for DC Distribution based Shipboard Microgrids ” in IEEE ESARS 2016

2. Z. Jin, L. Meng, R. Han, J. C. Vasquez, J. M. Guerrero, “Hierarchical Control Design for Shipboard Power System with DC Distribution and Energy Storage aboard Future More-Electric Ships” for IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf.

3. A Cost-effective and Emission-aware Power Management System for Ships with Integrated Full Electric Propulsion. / Kanellos, Fotis D.; Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Guerrero, Josep M., In: Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 150, 09.2017, p. 63-75.

4. Maritime DC Microgrids - A Combination of Microgrid Technologies and Maritime Onboard Power System for Future Ships. / Jin, Zheming; Savaghebi, Mehdi; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez; Meng, Lexuan; Guerrero, Josep M., Proceedings of 2016 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference - ECCE Asia (IPEMC 2016-ECCE Asia) . IEEE, 2016. p. 179 - 184 .

5. Next-Generation Shipboard DC Power System : Introduction Smart Grid and dc Microgrid Technologies into Maritime Electrical Networks. / Jin, Zheming; Sulligoi, Giorgio; Cuzner, Rob; Meng, Lexuan; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez; Guerrero, Josep M., In: I E E E Electrification Magazine, Vol. 4, No. 2, 06.2016, p. 45-57.


6. Optimal Planning and Operation Management of a Ship Electrical Power System with Energy Storage System. / Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Dragicevic, Tomislav; Meng, Lexuan; Sun, Bo; Guerrero, Josep M., Proceedings of 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2016. IEEE Press, 2016. p. 2095 - 2099.

7. Shipboard Microgrids : Maritime Islanded Power Systems Technologies. / Guerrero, Josep M.; Jin, Zheming; Liu, Wenzhao; Bin Othman @ Marzuki, Muzaidi; Savaghebi, Mehdi; Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Meng, Lexuan; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez., Proceedings of PCIM ASIA 2016. International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management. VDE Verlag GMBH, 2016. p. 135-142.

8. Smart Shipboard Power System Operation and Management. / Kanellos, Fotis D.; Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Guerrero, Josep M., In: Inventions , Vol. 1, No. 4, 22, 11.2016, p. 1-14.

9. Frequency-Division Power Sharing and Hierarchical Control Design for DC Shipboard Microgrids with Hybrid Energy Storage Systems. / Jin, Zheming; Meng, Lexuan; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez; Guerrero, Josep M., Proceedings of 2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE Press, 2017. 1594.

10. Review of Ship Microgrids: System Architectures, Storage Technologies and Power Quality Aspects. / Gamini, Shantha; Meegahapola, Lasantha ; Fernando, Nuwantha ; Jin, Zheming; Guerrero, Josep M., In: Inventions , Vol. 2, No. 4, 02.2017.


www.maritime.et.aau.dk For contact/cooperation: Josep M. Guerrero [email protected] THANK YOU!

Documents

Aalborg Universitet, 14 June 2017 Maritime Microgrids · Shipboard power system : Electrification in ship. This is the introduction to the shipboard power system. There is 4 types