ABAQUS – Advanced use

• Element and Node Sets• Shear Locking in solid elements• Reduced Integration and Zero Energy Modes• Sign Convention• Integration Schemes• Shell Elements – pitfalls to avoid• Beam Elements• General Suggestions

ABAQUS CAE - Modules• PART Create part using Sketcher• SKETCH sketcher• ASSEMBLY Creation of instances and assembly.• PROPERTY Define Material, SECTION Properties and ASSIGNS it.

• STEP Analysis Steps• INTERACTION Interaction Properties, Constraints. Contact between 2 surfaces,• LOAD Loads, Boundary Conditions and Fields.• MESH Choice of element• JOB Creates Job, associates job with a MODEL• VISUALIZATION Post processing

Sign Convention

• Displacements and point loads are positive in the direction of the positive axes.

• Normal Stresses – Tensile stress is +ve.• Shear stress – anticlockwise about element

centre is +ve.• Direct strains – Tensile stress is +ve• Soils consolidation ’u

Stress Discontinuities

• Stresses are calculated accurately at Gauss (Integration) points.

• Displacements are continuous across element boundaries.

• Stresses jump across element boundaries.

Shell Element - Normal

• The direction of the +ve normal is defined by the nodal sequence and the Right hand rule.

• The section points are numbered in the direction of the +ve normal. The section points identify the sections.