ABB AG - EPDS Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch · – Clearing of the arc fault current by the upstream circuit-breaker Fast-acting ... electronic or REA system – Ultra-fast ... advantages

ABB AG - EPDS

Ultra-Fast Earthing SwitchUFES – active internal arc protection

Arc fault

Protection concepts

Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch type UFES

Principle

Components

Differentiation of protection concepts

Portfolio

Benefit

Slide 2

Agenda

Fault characteristics

Internal arc faults

Slide 3

An arc arises when at least part of the current passes through a dielectric, usually air

Maximum peak power up to 40 MW

Arc plasma temperature up to five times the surface temperature of the sun (20,000°C)

Light intensity more than 2,000 times that of normal office light

0 100 150 200 700 800 900 1000

Energy kA2s

Time/ms

0.2 s: Steel fire

0.15 s: Copper fire

0.1 s: Cable fire

Causes for arc formation

Internal arc faults

Slide 4

Work in a wrong cubicle

Operation of a wrong isolator

Forgetting to ground the working area

Forgetting to test the presence of voltage in the working area

Installation errors

Faults in equipment and false operation of equipment

Ageing of insulation and mechanical wear

Overvoltage, Overheating

Bad cable terminations and loose busbar joints

Corrosion

Moisture, dirt

Foreign objects (e.g. tools) or small animals in the switchgear

Human-related errors Technical causes Environmental causes

Impacts

Internal arc faults

Slide 5

Rapid pressure rise

Heavy injuries of the personnel possible

for switchgear systems without internal arc

classification

Heavy damages possible inside of the switchgear,

for the integrated devices and for the building

Burning andvaporization of metal

and insulation material

Release ofmaterial fragments

and hot gases

Rapid temperature rise(up to 20,000°C)

Impacts

Internal arc faults

Slide 6

Circuit-breaker compartment Cable connection compartment Substation

Arc fault

Protection concepts


Principle

Components


Portfolio

Benefit

Slide 7

Agenda

Medium Voltage Switchgear with passive protection

Protection concepts

Slide 8

Passive arc protection with pressure relief duct

→ Relief into external areas

Passive arc protection with Top Chimney

→ Relief into switchgear room

Active arc shutdown

Protection concepts

Slide 9

Fast arc detection using light and current criteria

Adjustable thresholds

Min. time to arc shutdown ~ 60…80 ms(REA time + switching time CB + arcing time CB)

Example: ABB REA SystemFast arc

detection relay

Detection element

Active arc extinction

Protection concepts

Slide 10

Fast arc detection using light and current criteria

Adjustable thresholds

Ultra-fast extinction using primary switching elements

Max. time for arc extinction ~ 4 ms after detection!

Example: Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch

Fast arc detection

relay

Primary switching element

Detection

element

Short-circuit

earthing bar

Arc fault

Protection concepts


Principle

Components


Portfolio

Benefit

Slide 11

Agenda

The basis for effective protection

Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch

Slide 12

3 UFES primary switching elements

– Ultra-fast initiation of a 3-phase short-circuit earthing afterdetection of a fault by the electronic

– Elimination of the arc by resulting breakdown of the internalarc voltage

UFES electronics

– Fast and reliable electronics devices for the detection of arc faults or simply as interface to external arc detection systems (e.g. ABB REA)

– Tripping of the UFES PSEElectronic detection and tripping unit type QRU1

Primary switching elements type U1

Electronic tripping unit type QRU100

Sequence of tripping operation


Slide 13

Ultra-fast reaction time


Slide 14

Effective limitation of damage requires fastest intervention

Extinction time of the Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch:< 4 ms after fault detection

Effective limitation of damage

i(t)

tTC + ≤ 4 ms

Time [ms]

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Short-circuit current Ik

DC component

Arcing time with UFES

Final clearing by upstream circuit-breaker – 80 ms + time x

Reaching time for tripping criteria

UFES electronic type QRU1


Slide 15

– Electronic detection and tripping unit

– 9 optical inputs for light detection

– 3 current inputs for monitoring of the instantaneous current value

– Up to 5 x 30 additional optical inputs with ABB arc guard type TVOC-2

– Completely in fast analogue technology

– Fast fault localization by use of single lens sensors

– Self monitoring

– Testing mode for functional check

– Simple DIP-switch configuration

Features

Lens sensor for optical detection

Electronic detection and tripping unit type QRU1

ABB arc guard type TVOC-2

UFES electronic type QRU100


Slide 16

– Electronic tripping unit

– Ideal for extension of ABB arc protection system type REA

– 2 Optolink inputs for connection of the REA101 relay

– 2 high-speed inputs (HSI) for connection of external arc detection systems

– Self monitoring including the Optolink connection to theREA system

– Logical combination of the external detection units by useof DIP-switches

– Testing mode for functional check

– Functions in combination with REA: optical detection with line or lens sensors; overcurrent detection; selective protection; CB failure protection

Features


Combinable arc protection by ABB UFES + REA

Primary switching element


Slide 17

– Vacuum interrupter and operatingsystem integrated in one compact unit

– Fast and reliable micro gas generator operating mechanism

– Fast switching time of ~ 1.5 ms

– Easy handling

– Low-maintenance

– Flexible installation

Primary switching element type U1Epoxy insulator

Fixed contact

Ceramic insulator

Moving contact pin

Rupture joint

Piston

Cylinder

Moving contact system

Micro gas generator

Switching principle


Slide 18

Position after trippingService position

Drive

Vacuum interrupter

Current flow after tripping

Moving direction

Arc fault

Protection concepts


Principle

Components


Portfolio

Benefit

Slide 19

Agenda

Reduced arc energy


Slide 20

Conventional protection device

– Fault detection by standard relay

– Clearing of the arc fault current by the upstream circuit-breaker

Fast-acting protection relay with supplementary equipment

– Fast fault detection by special protection relay

– Clearing of the arc fault current by the upstream circuit-breaker

Ultra Fast Earthing Switch type UFES

– Fast fault detection by UFES electronic or REA system

– Ultra-fast extinction of an internal arc by switching of the UFES primary switching element type U1

– Final clearing of the fault current by the upstream circuit-breaker

Comparison

Reduced arc energy


* Constant arc voltage & fault current for the complete fault time Uarc · Ik · t = Warc (linear function)Slide 21

3. Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch type UFES

– Drastic reduction of thermal damage

– Drastically reduced pressure rise

– No consequences to be expected!

2. Fast protection relay

– Limited consequences for equipment and personnel (depending on switchgear design)

1. Conventional protection device

– Dramatic consequences possible

– Fire/Explosion hazard, heavy injuries of personnel (depending on switchgear design)

1 10 100 1000

WLiBo [kVAs]*

3

2

1

Time [ms]

Copper fire

Cable fire

Steel fire

Reduced pressure rise in the SWG


Slide 22

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Time [ms]

Ov

erp

res

su

re [

ba

r]

tTC + ≤ 4 ms

Exemplary pressure curve, with and without UFES, in a compartment of an air insulated medium voltage switchgear, for an internal arc fault current of 130 kA (peak) / 50 kA (rms)

tTC

Pressure rise without UFES

Pressure rise with UFES

Reaching time for tripping criteria

Internal arc test with and without UFES


Slide 23

Busbar compartment after internal arc impact (50 kA / 100 ms)

Busbar compartment after internal arc impact

Point of fault initiation in the busbarcompartment

Without active UFES protection With active UFES protection With active UFES protection

Reduced pressure rise in the SWG room


Slide 24

– Object: metal-clad switchgear, 800 panel width

– Fault: 3-phase, 40 kArms

– Fault location: cable connection compartment

– Free available room volume: 50 m³, 100 m³, 200 m³

– Pressure relief flap (room): 1 m²

Simulation

Type of wall Permissible room pressure [mbar / m²]

Brick wall 3–10

Reinforced brick wall 30

Precast concrete 50

Cast-in-place concrete >70

Concrete room cells 130

* Present simulation is for illustration use only! It does not substitute a pressure calculation based on the real environmental facts!

Installation room without UFES

Arcing time t [ms]

Pre

ss

ure

dif

fere

nc

e ∆

pe

x[m

ba

r]

0 20 40 60 800

5

10

15

20

25

3050 m3

100 m3

200 m3

Installation room with UFES

Arcing time t [ms]

10 15 20 250

50

1

2

3

50 m3

200 m3

Arc fault

Protection concepts


Principle

Components


Portfolio

Benefit

Slide 25

Agenda

Applicable for highest requirements


Slide 26

Maximum rated voltage:Ur = 40.5 kV → Ik = 40 kA (3s)

Maximum rated short-time withstand current for medium voltage:Ik = 50 kA (3s), 63 kA (1s) → Ur = 17.5 kV

Maximum rated short-time withstand current for low voltage:Ik = 100 kA (0.5s) → Ur = 1.4 kV

UFES primary switching element

Available as… loose components


Slide 27

UFES-Kit-1 as OEM product, consisting of UFES-Kit-100 as OEM product, consisting of

1 set (3 off) tripping cables (10 m) with special

plug for PSE


3 primary switching elements (PSE)

1 set (3 off) tripping cables (10 m) with special

plug for PSE

Electronic detection and tripping unit type QRU1

3 primary switching elements (PSE)

+ + + +

Available as… ABB Service retrofit solution


Slide 28

Service-Box Draw-out technology

(Illustration:Side-mounted)

Available for… ABB switchgear (AIS)


Slide 29

UFES in UniGear – Top-Box installation UFES in UniGear – installation in cable compartment

Available for… ABB dry type transformer


Slide 30

ABB RESIBLOC with UFES protection

Certified protection


Slide 31

The registered trademark “VdS” is a well-known quality sealfor products and services, which has its origin in the umbrella organization of the German insurance industry

Certification available since Feb 2015

One of the worldwide leading companies, offering technical services for the testing and certifying of components for maritime application

Approval for offshore and marine application of UFES – available since Nov 2011

VdS Schadenverhütung DNV – GL

Certified protection


Slide 32

The UL certification mark, as one of the most known quality symbols for products, represents proven conformity with the technical standards and legal safety regulations in the US and Canada

UL “Recognized Component” certification available since January 2016

UL – Underwriters Laboratories

Arc fault

Protection concepts


Principle

Components


Portfolio

Benefit

Slide 33

Agenda

Minimizing of the hazardous impacts of an internal arc fault


Slide 34

Major effects:

– Rapid temperature and pressure rise

Secondary effects:

– Strong optical and acoustic load for persons

– Release of hot toxic gases

Unbeatable advantages


Slide 35

Greatly increased operator safety for personnel working at the switchgear or in the direct vicinity

Drastic reduction of downtimes by lowering the impacts of an internal arc fault to an insignificant minimum

Means → Greatly increased system and process availability

Drastic reduction of repair costs by avoidance of heavy damages inside of the switchgear,of the equipment and of the direct environment

Reduction of pressure relief measures by application of active arc protection concepts

Documents

ABB AG - EPDS Ultra-Fast Earthing Switch · – Clearing of the arc fault current by the upstream circuit-breaker Fast-acting ... electronic or REA system – Ultra-fast ... advantages