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Abbreviations and Acronyms
AA TSR Advanced along track scanning radiometer
ACT Australian Capital Territory
ADEOS (NASDA)
AFWA Air Force Weather Agency (USA)
AFWIN Air Force Weather Information Network (AFWA)
AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Program
AMS American Meteorological Society
A TSR Along-track scanning radiometer (ERS)
AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA)
CART Classification and regression tree
CCM Community climate model (NCAR)
CIRA Cooperative Institute for Research on the Atmosphere (CSU)
CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences
CNES Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales
CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
CPT Canadian Polar Trough
CSU Colorado State University
CTM Chemical transport model
DIS Data and Information System (IGBP)
DMSP Defense meteorological satellite program
DU Dobson units
ECMWF European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts
ENAMORS European network for the development of advanced models to interpret optical remote sensing data
EOS Earth Observing System (NASA)
EPA Environmental Protection Agency (USA)
EPM Emission production model
347
348
ERA
ERBE
ERS
ESA
FARSITE
FDF
FERA
FOFEM
FSL
GAC
GCM
GEBA
GEIA
GEMI
GFP
GOES
GW
HRPT
HIRETYCS
IFOV
IGAC
IGBP
IIASA
IWAQM
JERS
LAC
Landsat
MAS
MFI
MM5
MODIS
MOZART
MSS
Mtoe
MTF
ECMWF re-analysis
Earth radiation budget experiment
European remote sensing satellite
European Space Agency
Fire Area Simulator
Florida Division of Forestry
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team (USDA Forest Service)
First order fire effects model
Forecast Systems Laboratory (NCEP)
Global area coverage (A VHRR)
Global climate model
Global energy balance archive
Global emission inventory analysis (IGAC)
Global Environmental Monitoring Index
Global fire product
Geostationary operational environmental satellite
GigaWatt
High resolution picture transmission format (A VHRR)
High resolution ten years climate simulation
Instantaneous-field-of-view
International Global Atmospheric Chemistry programme
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Interagency Working Group on Air Quality Modelling
Japanese earth resources satellite
Local area coverage (A VHRR)
Land satellite
ER-2 MODIS airborne simulator (NASA)
Mean fire interval
Mesoscale model version 5 (NCEP)
Moderate resolution imaging spectrometer
Model for ozone and related chemical tracers
Multispectral scanner system (Landsat)
Million tonnes of oil equivalent
Modulation transfer function
Abbreviations and Acronyms
NAAQS
NASA
NASDA
NBP
NCAR
NCEP
NDVI
NEP
NMHC
NOAA
NPP
NWS
OAQPS
OLS
P
PBL
PDT
PE
PM2.5
PMlO
PNA
P-PE
PRF
PSF
RAMS
RCM
RCZ
SAGE
SAR
SASEM
SAVI
SCAR-C
SPOT
SRB
SST
National ambient air quality standards
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)
National Space Development Agency of Japan
Net biome production
National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA)
National Center for Environmental Protection (NOAA-NWS)
Normalized difference vegetation index
Net ecosystem production
Non-methane hydrocarbons
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Net primary production
National Weather Service (NOAA)
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (EPA)
Operationallinescan system (DMSP)
Precipitation
Planetary boundary layer
Pacific daylight time
Potential evapotranspiration
Particulate matter (diameter ~2.5 microns)
Particulate matter (diameter ~10 microns)
Pacific-North American
Annual effective precipitation
Point response function
Point spread function
(CSU)
Regional climate model
Regional charcoal zone
Stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment
Synthetic aperture radar (ERS/JERS)
Simple approach smoke estimation model
Soil adjusted vegetation index
Smoke, Clouds And Radiation programme
Systeme pour l'observation de la terre
Surface radiation budget project
Sea surface temperature
349
350
START
S!fIPS
Tb
THFM
TM
TOA
TOMS
UNEP
USDA
USDAIFS
USDOI
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training
Stateffribal implementation plans
Bio-temperature
Thousand hour time lag fuel moisture
Thematic mapper (Landsat)
Top-of-atmosphere
Total ozone mapping spectrometer
United Nations Environment Programme
United States (of America) Department of Agriculture
United States (of America) Department of Agriculture Forest Service
United States (of America) Department of Interior
USDOIlFWS United States (of America) Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service
USDOI United States (of America) Department of Interior National Park Service
USGS United States (of America) Geological Survey
UW
WHO
WMO
University of Washington
World Health Organisation
World Meteorological Organisation
Index
Abies alba,248, 253
Above-ground biomass,36, 55, 58, 71, 216,270,279,294,295,336
Acetone,71 Acidic precipitation, 17 Active layer,264 Advanced Along Track Scanning
Radiometer,211 Advanced Very High Resolution
Radiometer,325 Advanced Very High Resolution
Radiometer,22, 65,153,155,156,157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 173, 194, 195, 196, 199, 203,205,207,209,210,216,218, 219,222,223,326,329,330,331,336
Aerosols,7, 128, 140, 143 See also Particulate pollutants
Afforestation,7, 283, 284, 294 Africa,8, 70, 72, 78, 84, 87 Agenda 21,10 Agricultural residues,4, 282 Air pollution,34 Alaska Fire Service,336 Alkenes,71 Alnus
glutinosa,248, 253 Alternative energy,283 Amazon,42, 45 Amazonia,2 Ammonia,17
ernissions,27 sources, 16
Angola, 164 Araucaria,6 Arctic Ocean, 109
Area burned reconstruction,323
Arternisia,253 Ascension Island,74 Asia,72 Atlantic Ocean,8, 70, 74, 89 Atmospheric long-wave ridging, 103 Atmospheric standing waves, 103 Australia,l, 172, 181, 187,234
Australian Capital Territory,234, 235 Brindabella Range,235, 237, 239, 244 New South Wales,235
Avena,253 A VHRR See Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer Bangladesh,5 Benzene
as health hazard,7 Benzo(a)pyrene
as health hazard,7 Betula,272
pendula,248 Binary recursive partitioning, 220 Biodiversity,282, 290 Bio-energy plantations,290 Biofuels,4, 288 Biogas,289 Biomass
above-ground,36, 55, 58, 71, 216, 270, 279,294,295,336
below-ground,279 ground-layer,53, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64,
271,276 regulation by fire,258 understorey,239
Biomass consumption,l, 17,21,22,27, 34,36,38,39,58,59,60,206,209
352
Biomass emissions,16, 17, 18,42,44,46, 47,48,64,71,76,79,83,84,88,89, 90, 128, 139, 140, 143, 146, 194, 195, 201,216,322
Biomass fuel,I72, 282, 284, 291, 292, 293,294
Biomass loading,25, 26,195,196,197, 204,205,210,211
Biomass plantations,283, 292, 294, 295, 296
Biotemperature,179, 181, 187 Black liquor,5 Boreal forests,3, 52, 53, 55, 58, 64, 70,
102,161,184,264,267,272,275, 277, 278, 327
Brazil, 1, 6, 8, 22, 42, 43, 90, 184, 341, 343
Bronze Age period,253 Brunei,25 Burning efficiency, 20, 26, 46, 71, 195,
196, 198,210,211,345 Burundi,5 Cr C3 alkanes,71 Canada,52, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 74,
102, 103, 164,325,327,341 Alberta,3, 105, 111,336 Baffin Bay, III Baffin Island,109 British Columbia,3, 105, 109, III Davis Strait, III Ellesmere Island, 11 ° Manitoba,105, III Northwest Territories, 105, 109, III Ontario,105, III Quebec,105, III Saskatchewan, 105, III Ungava,109 Yukon, 105, 109, III
Canadian Forest Service, 57, 307 Canadian Meteorological Centre, 108 Canadian Polar Trough, 109, 110, III,
114, 119, 120 Canopy temperature,54 Carbon
below-ground,345 consumption,59,62 emissions,283, 287, 292, 294, 295 fluxes, 53 global budget,34, 46 in atmosphere,34, 52, 128
Index
in biomass, 18, 52, 55, 58, 62, 71, 271, 276
in boreal forests,52, 53, 54, 265, 270, 277, 278
in organic soils,52, 62, 90, 97 release,l, 16, 18,20,52,55,57,59,
60,61,62,64,65,71,72,216,264, 270,276,277,282,342
sequestration,295 sinks,4, 52, 53, 54, 60, 276, 277, 295,
343 sources, 60 storage,264, 278
Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations, 52, 282 emissions,27, 39,71,172,201,269,
271, 295 i1uxes,267, 268, 269 production,216 release, 1, 20, 90 soil emissions,265 sources,16, 70, 87, 198,282
Carbon monoxide,20 as health hazard,7 as ozone precursor,78 atmospheric concentrations,74, 94, 95 emission ratios,89 emissions,27, 39, 72, 201 global budget, 70, 73, 74, 97 global distribution,79 sources, 16, 70, 77, 84, 87,198,282
Caryophyllaceae,253 Castanea
sativa,248, 258 Central African Republic,196, 217, 223,
227,228 Centre de Suivi Ecologique,342 Cerrado,42, 45, 47 Channel 3 rei1ectance,222 Channel 3 saturation,222 Charcoal,4, 218, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254,
256,257,258,327,328,336 China,344
Daxinganling Mountains,3 Chronosequence,272 Class I Protected Areas (USA),315 Classification and regression trees,219,
220,221,224,225,230 Clean Air Act, 7, 30 I, 302, 312 Climate generators,236
Index
Cloud edge effects.227 Cloud shadows,218 Coal,290, 292 Coarse woody debris,38 Colorado State University,307 Combustion efficiency,20, 21, 26, 35, 216 Community Climate Model,88 Congo,6 Consumption, 55, 59, 268 Convention on Biological Diversity, 10 Cooking stoves
efticiency,289 CPT See Canadian Polar Trough Crop residues,289, 292 Crown fires,327 Crozet Island,74 Deciduous broadleaf forest, 184 Decision tree,220 Decomposition rates,54 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
Operational Linescan System, I 53, 162, 163, 166
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System,160
Deforestation,7, 87, 282 Dendrochronology,234, 326, 332 Desert dust, 143 DMSP-OLS See Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program Operational Linescan System
Drought,2, 15,58,62,88,102,122,187, 237,248,254,256
Dry Miombo, 197, 205 Duff,38, 39,40 Dung cakes,289 Earth Observing System,211 Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, 128,
130,131,134,143 Earth-Probe,92 ECMWF Re-Analysis,139, 140 Ecoregions,56 Ecosystem integrity,2 Ecosystem stewardship,30 I Eddy correlation, 54 Egypt,S EI Nino - Southern Oscillation, 15, 88,
171,210,341 EI Salvador,S Emission factors,6, 36, 39, 72, 195, 196,
198,211, 301
353
Emission Production Model,34, 38, 315 Emission ratios,20, 21, 322 Energy demand,4, 284 ER-2 MODIS Airborne Simulator,46 ERBE See Earth Radiation Budget
Experiment Ethane,88 Ethylene,88 Eucalyptus
blakelyi,235 dalrympleana,235 delegatensis,235 fastigata,235 grandis,6 macrorhyncha,235 melliodora,235 niphophila,235 paucijlora,235, 237, 239 rossii,235 stellulata,235 viminalis,235
Europe,72 European Network for the development
of Advanced Models to interpret Optical Remote Sensing data (ENAMORS),341
European Space Agency Fire Atlas,134
Evergreen forest, 184 Fagus
sylvatica,248 Fiji,6 Finland,4 Fire adaptation,3 Fire behaviour,6, 35,70, 104, 153, 160,
166,184,203,240,247,303,304, 311,313,324
Fire behaviour models,38 Fire class distributions, 187 Fire cycle,321, 327, 333, 334, 335, 336 Fire detection
by remote sensing,22, 25, 152, 160, 162,166,173,177,188,195,219, 222,227,325,331,342
Fire duration,35, 36, 173, 175 Fire efticiency,22 Fire extinction,237 Fire frequency,58, 172, 173, 177, 181,
187,203,233,234,237,239,240,
354
241,244,252,254,256,259,277, 323,327,334,335,343
Fire ignition,35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 46,47,53,88, 103, 175, 183,188, 236,244,303,321,324
Fire intensity,35, 233, 239 Fire interval,237, 238, 239, 243, 333, 334 Fire management,34, 36, 48, 300, 302,
303,305,310,312,342 Fire of Savannas/Dynamique et Chimie
Atmospherique en Foret Equatoriale,4 Fire records, 56, 107, 187,236,237,239,
251,252,323,324 Fire regime,44, 53, 102, 172, 173, 188,
229,234,237,244,247,248,257, 258,259,276,279 definition,233 simulation model,236
Fire return interval,277, 278, 321 Fire risk assessment,117, 123, 172, 188 Fire rotation,332, 334, 335 Fire scars,217, 218, 227, 228, 234, 236,
326,328,332,333,334,335,336 Fire severity,36, 48, 104, 123,273,274,
275,322,336 impact on succession,276
Fire spread models,40, 234, 236 Fire suppression,65, 241, 244, 299, 300 Fire temperature, 165 Fireline intensity,237, 241, 242 First Order Fire Effects Model,315 Flame fronts,l61, 163 Flaming combustion,39 Flaming zone
residence time,l61 Flasse-Cecatto algorithm,227 Florida Division of Forestry,307 Florida State University,307 FNP Sottostazione Sud delle Alpi,248 Fodder,284 Forest fire databases,324 Formaldehyde
as health hazard,7 Fossil fuel substitution,283 Framework Convention on Climate
Change, I, 10 Fraxinus
excelsior,248 Fuel,35 Fuel consumption,36, 38, 40, 41, 48,315
Fuelloading,3, 41, 42, 43, 44, 160 Fuel management,48
Index
Fuel moisture,7, 36, 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 59, 103, 160,241
Fuel structure, 160 Fuelwood,4, 17,283,284,285,289,292 Fuzzy thresholds,230 GCM See General circulation models GEBA See Global Energy Balance
Archive GEMI,225, 227, 228 GEMI vegetation index,222 GEMI3,222 General circulation models,7, 127, 128,
129, 188, 276 Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellite System,325 GFP See Global Fire Product Gini diversity index,220 Glaciers,327,328 Global Area Coverage, 195, 326 Global Change System for Analysis,
Research and Training CST ART),344 Global Emission Inventory Analysis,71 Global Energy Balance Archive,128, 130,
131, 139, 142 Global Fire Atlas, 133 Global Fire Product, 194 Global warming,35, 282 Gmelina
arborea,6 Greece,341 Greenhouse gases,79 Greenland, 110 Guinean Savanna, 196, 205 Gulf of Alaska, 111 Gyttja,249 Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and
Research, 129 Haiti,5 Harmattan,217 Harvest residues,38 Haze,90 Health Guidelines for Forest Fires
Episodic Events, 19 Heat release rates,40, 44 Heterotrophic respiration,54 High Resolution Picture
Transmission, 194, 218
Index
High Resolution Ten Years Climate Simulation, 129
Historical records,323 Hordeum,253 Human health,36, 44, 289, 301 Humid Miombo,197, 205 Hydrocarbons,78, 89
sources,70 Hydroelectric power,290 Hydroxyl radical,70, 74, 79, 84 India,8, 92, 284, 285, 289, 292, 294, 296 Indian Ocean,70, 74 Indonesia,1, 2, 21, 22, 88,90,93,341
Flores,25 Irian Jaya,25 Java,25 Kalimantan,22, 26, 90, 93, 97 Komodo,25 Sulawesi,25 Sumatra, 19, 23, 26, 90, 93, 97 Sumba,25 Sumbawa,25 Timor,25 Wetar,25
Industrial emissions Carbon monoxide,77
Industrial wood,284 Interim Air Quality Policy,304 International Geosphere-Biosphere
Programme Data and Information System, 194, 219
Iron Age period,253 Isoprene,71,88 Joint Fire Science Program,305 Kenya,5 Kuwait,28, 342 Kyoto Protocol,1, 7, 8, 10 Lake sediments,327 Land clearance,282 Landsat,22, 160, 167,219,227,228,229,
325 Landuse,26, 34, 40, 42, 45, 47, 48,53,70,
172,173,181,188,193,204,209, 235,257,281
Landuse change,7, 15,35,46 Larix
decidua,248 Lesotho,5 Lightning,16, 53, 69, 102, 103, 183, 236,
241, 248, 321
Local Area Coverage, 195, 326 Lycopodium tablets,249 Madagascar,344 Malawi,6 Malaysia,6, 19,25 Max Planck Institute for
Meteorology, 129 Mediterranean shrublands,218 Mesolithic period,253 Meteo-France,129 Methane,71, 76,87,88, 198
as health hazard,7 emissions,27, 39, 201, 295 sources, 16, 70
Methyl bromide sources,70
Methyl chloride sources,70
Mexico, 19, 341 Microbial respiration,267, 270 Migration of the Peoples,253 Miombo woodland, 184 Misclassification,225, 226 Mixing ratios,74, 76 MLOPEX,89 Models
ARPEGE,129, 132, 135, 136, 137, l38, 139, 143, 144, 146
CALPUFF,315 Chemical transport,96 CONSUME,39, 40
355
ECHAM3,129, 132, l35, l36, l37, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146
EMBYR,234 Emission production model,34, 38, 39,
40,42,43,45,46,47,314,315 F ARSITE,38, 40 FIRE-BGC,234 FIRESCAPE,234, 236, 237, 238, 240,
244 FOFEM,314,315 FOREST,241 GCMs,188 HadAM2b,129, 132, 135, 136, 137,
l38, 139, 143, 144 HadAM3,129, 145, 146 IMAGES,70,77 MM5,307 MODELS3,307 MOGUNTIA 3-D,80
356
MOZART,88, 90, 91, 97 NFSPUFF,315 RAMS,307 Regional Climate Model,104, 123 SASEM,309, 314, 315, 349 TSARS Plus,315 VSMOKE,315
Moderate resolution imaging spectrometer,153, 160, 162, 163, 165, 166, 189,211
MODIS See Moderate resolution imaging spectrometer
MODTRAN software package, 162 Modulation transfer function,154, 155 Moisture deficit, 179 MTF See Modulation transfer function National Aeronautics and Space
Administration,46 National Ambient Air Quality
Standards,301, 302, 309 National Center for Atmospheric
Research,88, 108, 307 National Center for Environmental
Prediction,306 National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration,25, 194,218,306 National Weather Service (USA),306 Neolithic period,257 Net Ecosystem Production, 54 Net Primary Production, 54 Nitric acid, 17 Nitric oxide, 17
sources,16 Nitrogen,282,291
global budget,74 release, 16
Nitrogen dioxide, 198 sources, 16
Nitrogen oxides,73, 78, 87 as health hazard,7 as ozone precursor,78
Nitrous oxide,198 sources,70
Non-methane hydrocarbons,70, 71, 76, 77,79,84,87,90,97
Normalized difference vegetation index,218, 222, 326
Northern hemisphere circulation patterns, 103
Nuclear power,290
Index
Oak Ridge National LaboratoryDistributed Active Archive Center, 196
Organic soils,64 Oxides ofnitrogen,20, 95
emissions,27,201 sources,16, 198
Ozone,8, 17,20,40,70,73,78,87,89, 95,97,128,342 emissions,27 formation,90 photochemical destruction,94
Pacific Ocean,92, 94, 97,103, 104, 109, 111,114,115,119,122
Pakistan,5 Palaeolithic period,253 Palynology,249,328 PAN,96 Papua New Guinea,6 Paraserianthes
falcataria,6 Particulate pollutants,7, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19,21,26,27,28,34,37,39,44,47, 90,97,201,302,309,311,346
Peat,19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 39, 52, 87, 89, 90,95,97,327,328,345
Permafrost,59, 64, 264, 265, 267 Peroxyacetyl nitrate,95 Philippines,6 Photolysis,90, 91, 92, 97 Pice a
abies,248 glauca,62, 271, 276, 336 mariana,55, 60, 62,265,267,269,
271,274,276 sitchensis,2
Pinus banksiana,3,60 caribaea,6 cembra,248 contorta,3 echinata,6 patula,6 ponderosa,42 roxburghii,282 sylvestris,248 taeda,6
Plantago lanceolata,253
Plantation forestry,283, 286, 292 Plume buoyancy,45
Index
Plume height,45 Plume rise,35, 36, 40, 44, 304 Poaceae,253 Point Response Function,155, 157, 158,
159, 160, 162, 163, 166 Point Spread Function, 155 Pollen analysis,249, 328, 336 Popuius,55, 62, 272, 274 Portugal,217, 219, 223, 227, 228 Post-fire dynarnics,217 Pre-Boreal,252 Prescribed fire, 1, 4, 6, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38,
44,46, 184, 188,282,300,301,303, 304,308
PRF See Point Response Function Producer gas,293 Propane,72, 88 Propylene,88 Pseudotsuga
menziesii,42 PSF See Point Spread Function Pteridium
aquilinum,253 Quercus,253
petraea,248 puhescens,248
Radiative flux,36 Radiometric footprint, 153, 166 RCM See Models:Regional Climate
Model Reforestation,7 Regional haze,36, 40, 301 Regional transport analysis,313 Rocky Mountains, 103, 122 Roman period,253 Root respiration,268, 269 Rosaceae,253 Russia,3, 19,53,62,65,66,325,341 Rwanda,5 Sahara Desert, 141 Sahel region, 189 Savanna, I, 3,15,71,84,89,160,161,
163,164,165,184,196,217,224,282 Savanna forest,42 SAVI See Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index SCAR-B,343 SCAR-C,46 Sea surface temperature anomalies, 103 Seasonal scheduling,308 Secale,253
Sedimentary records,327, 334 Selective logging,5 Senegal,342 Shorea
robusta,282 Short-term scheduling,308 Siberia,3, 183 Signal degradation, 153 Simple Approach Smoke Estimation
Model,309, 315, 349
357
Slash burning,33, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 188
Smog,17 Smoke, 17,36,44,47, 301, 303, 305, 308,
343 indoors,289
Smoke behaviour,303 Smoke dispersion,38, 303, 306, 311, 312 Smoke management,300, 301, 302, 304,
305,306,307,310,311,312,315, 316,317
Smoke plumes,90, 304, 311, 312 Smouldering combustion,39 Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index,223 Soil drainage, 59, 264 Soil moisture,264, 266, 268, 269, 272,
273 Soil productivity,292 Soil respiration,264, 267, 271, 277 Soil temperature, 54, 264, 265, 269, 272,
273 Solar power, 290 Somalian Bush Thicket, 197, 205 Soot,17 South Africa,27, 196 South Africa Bush Savanna,205 South Africa Fire-Atmosphere Research
Initiative,4, 7 South America,20, 72, 78, 84, 87 South Tropical Atlantic Regional
Experiment,4 Southeast Asia,20, 25 Southern Oscillation See EI Nino -
Southern Oscillation Spain,217, 223, 228
Andalusia,229 Valencia,229
SPOT See Systeme pour l'observation de la terre
358
SRB See Surface Radiation Budget Project
Stand flammability,277 Stand-replacement fires,47 State (or Tribal) Implementation
Plans,302 Stubble burning,218 Sub-alpine forests,244 Succession,264, 272, 273, 274, 328 Sudan,217,227 Sudanian Savanna,205 Sudanian-Sahelian Savanna, 196 Sulphur,282,291 Surface plumes,311 Surface Radiation Budget Project, 130 Sustainable forest management,8 Swaziland,6 Swietenia
macrophylla,6 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow
and Landscape Research,341 Swiss National Science Foundation,341 Switzerland,248, 256, 259
Lago di Origlio,249 Lugano,249 Payerne,140, 141
Systeme pour I' observation de la terre,25, 28, 160
Systeme pour l'observation de la terre,25, 28
Temperate forests,45, 52, 53 Terminal node classification,221 Terpene,71,88 Thuja
plicata,2 Tilia
cordata,248 Top-of-atmosphere reflectances,222 Total ozone mapping spectrometer,92 Trade winds, 143 Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry
Near the Equator-Atlantic,4, 7 Tree mortality,268 Tree rings,326, 332 Triticum,253 Tropical forests,2, 15,20,21,22,25,34,
42,45,52,53, 89,9~97, 172, 198, 217,342
Troposphere composition,96
Tundra,52 United Nations Environmental
Program, 19 University of Florida,307 University of Fribourg,341 University ofWashington,307 Urban interface,305 US Air Force Weather Agency,306 US Department of Interior,306 US Environmental Protection
Agency,301, 302, 307 USA,40, 53, 183,327
Index
Alaska,20, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 62, 109, 122,265,267,268,271,272,275, 336
California,300 Florida, 19 Minnesota,20,241 New Y ork,325 Oregon,36, 42, 44, 45 Sequoia National Park,236 Washington,42, 44, 45 Yellowstone National Park,241 Yosemite National Park,236
USDA Forest Service,23, 48, 300, 301, 306
USDOI Bureau of Land Management,306 USDOI Fish and Wildlife Service,306 USDOI National Park Service,306 Vegetation greenness, 54 Ventilated Box Model,315 Visibility,36, 44, 311 Water vapour, 128, 139 Wind field analysis,312 Wind power,290 Wood gasifier,291 Workshop on Regional Transboundary
Smoke and Haze in Southeast Asia, 19 World Health Organization, 19 World Meteorological Organization, 19 Yemen,5 Younger Dryas,252 Zaire,22
Advances in Global Change Research
1. P. Martens and J. Rotmans (eds.): Climate Change: An Integrated Perspective. 1999 ISBN 0-7923-5996-8
2. A. Gillespie and W.C.G. Burns (eds.): Climate Change in the South Pacific: Impacts and Responses in Australia, New Zealand, and Small Island States. 2000
ISBN 0-7923-6077-X 3. J.L. Innes, M. Beniston and M.M. Verstraete (eds.): Biomass Burning and Its Inter-
Relationships with the Climate Systems. 2000 ISBN 0-7923-6107-5
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS - DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON