Abnormal Behavior Final 2012

7/30/2019 Abnormal Behavior Final 2012

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I. ANXIETY DISORDERS

II. SOMATOFORM & DISSOCIATIVE

DISORDERS

III. MOOD DISORDERS

IV. SCHIZOPHRENIA

V. PERSONALITY DISORDERSVI. EATING DISORDERS

VII. SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS

VIII. SEXUAL AND GENDER-IDENTITY

DISORDERS

IX. CHILDHOOD DISORDERS

X. DISORDERS OF AGING


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Anxiety is a condition inwhich intense feelings of fear& dread are long standing ordisruptive.

5 types of anxiety disorders

Phobias Generalized AnxietyDisorder (GAD)

Panic Disorder (PD) Obsessive-CompulsiveDisorder (OCD)

Posttraumatic Stress

Disorder (PTSD)


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Out-of-proportionfears associated withcircumstances &objects.

Most common phobias:Social phobias

Fears associated with social situations(e.g. agoraphobia)

Object phobias

Fears associated with dogs, cats,spiders, etc.

Event phobias

Fears associated with somethinghappening (e.g. fear of being struck bylightning, being hit by a meteor or

asteroid, stepping on the cracks in asidewalk, etc.)


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Panic Disorders

Recurring attacks ofpanic, periods ofintense fear, &feelings of impendingdoom or death

accompanied byphysiological symptomsall occurring withoutcause.

Often seen with a phobicresponse.

Feelings of dizziness, problemswith breathing, sweating, &trembling.

After an attack, the fear of anotherpanic attack sets in.


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Other Anxiety Disorders

Generalized AnxietyDisorderProlonged, unfocused,intense fear response.Not attached to any objector event.

Obsessive-CompulsiveDisorderPersistent, intrusion ofunwanted thoughts, urges,or actions that are unableto stop.


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PosttraumaticStressDisorder

An anxiety disorder inwhich a person who hasexperienced a traumatic orlife-threatening event has

symptoms such as psychicnumbing, reliving of thetrauma, & increasedphysiological arousal.

Other Anxiety Disorders


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Involve physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a

medical problem but have no known biological cause and

are not voluntarily produced by the person Soma = body

Body manifestations

Hypochondriasis

Pain disorders

Conversion disorders

Malingering - faking it to escape responsibility


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Dissociative Disorders

conscious awareness becomes separated(dissociated) from previous memories,thoughts, and feelings

psychogenic amnesia psychogenic fugue

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

rare dissociative disorder in which aperson exhibits two or more distinct andalternating personalities

formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder


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Frank Putnams Trauma-DissociationTheory

The development of new

personalities occurs in response tosevere stress.


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Psychosomatic & SomatoformDisorders

Psychological factors produce realphysical disorders.

Stress is strongly indicated.

SomatoformDisordersPhysical symptoms persistwithout any identifiablephysical cause.

Conversion Disorders

Hypochondriasis

Body Dysmorphic Disorder


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Some aspect of the personality seemsto be separated from the rest.

Dissociative AmnesiaA loss of memory with no organic cause.

Usually after a stressful event.

Usually accompanied by a Dissociative

Fugue.

Dissociative IdentityDisorderMultiple Personality Disorder

Several distinct personalities in the same

person.

Depersonalization DisorderFeelings of being changed or different in astrange way.


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AFFECT - deals with mood or emotion

Flat Affect - negative mood state orabsence of emotions

Dysthymia - thecommon cold

ofmental illness


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Mood Disorderscharacterized by emotional extremes

Major Depressive Disorder

a mood disorder in which a person, for no

apparent reason, experiences two or more

weeks of depressed moods, feelings ofworthlessness, and diminished interest or

pleasure in most activities


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Manic Episode

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly

optimistic state

Bipolar Disorder

a mood disorder in which the person alternates

between the hopelessness and lethargy of

depression and the overexcited state of mania

formerly called Manic-Depressive Disorder


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Males Females


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Increasing rates of teen suicide


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literal translation split mind Split from reality

Characterized by pieces ofpersonality and absence of

wholeness

Lay publics idea of split personality

- actually DID (Dissociative Identity

Disorder)


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a group of severe disorders

characterized by:

disorganized and delusional

thinking

disturbed perceptions inappropriate emotions and

actions


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Delusions

false beliefs, often of persecution or

grandeur, that may accompanypsychotic disorders

Hallucinations

false sensory experiences such asseeing something without anyexternal visual stimulus


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disorders characterized byinflexible and enduring patterns

of behavior thatimpair social functioning

usually without anxiety,depression, or delusions


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Cluster 1 DisordersThese disorders are

characterized by odd

or eccentric

behaviors or traits.

Schizoid Personality

DisorderCharacterized by the inability toform social relationships

Withdrawn with a lack of feelingstoward others.

SchizotypalPersonality DisorderUncomfortable in interpersonalrelationships, & suffering fromcognitive & perceptual distortions& eccentric behavior.

May wear inappropriate, strangely

out-of-date or mismatched clothes.

Paranoid PersonalityDisorderInappropriately suspicious ofothers & their motives.

Guarded, secretive, devious,

scheming, argumentative, & oftensuperstitious.


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Cluster 2 Disorders

Characterized bydramatic,

emotional or

erratic behavior.

They have veryunstable

interpersonal

relationships,

self-image and

moods.

BorderlinePersonality DisorderVery unstable in self-image, mood, &

relationships.

Acts impulsively & self-destructively.Manipulative, self-destructive impulses

when trying to control or strengthen

personal relationships.

Histrionic

Personality DisorderOverly dramatic behavior, self-centered,

& craving attention.


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Cluster 2 Disorders

Antisocial

Personality DisorderContinually violates the rights of others,

prone to impulsive behavior, & feeling no

guilt for any harm.Unethical, exploitative, violent, criminal

behavior.

Narcissistic

Personality DisorderOver-inflated sense of self-importance.Must be the center of attention, lacking

any real empathy for others.


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Cluster 3 Disorders

Characterized byanxious or fearful

behavior.

Avoidant -Personality

DisorderHypersensitive to potential rejection

by others, causing social withdrawal

despite a desire for social

relationships.

Has social anxiety & is timid, anxious,

& fearful of relationships.

Obsessive-Compulsive

Personality DisorderPreoccupation with rules, schedules,

& trivial details, & unable to express

emotional warmth.Preoccupied with orderliness &

perfectionism.


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Cluster 3 Disorders

Dependent - Personality DisorderThe inability to make decisions or to act independently.

Fails to take responsibility for ones own life, instead relies

on other to make their decisions.

Cant tolerate being alone.

Has a fear of abandonment.

Passive-Aggressive Personality

DisorderUnassertive, indirect resistance to demands, as in

forgetting, procrastinating, being late, and being

indifferent.


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VI. Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa:Primary Symptoms:

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d


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Bulimia Nervosa: Primary Symptoms:

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VI. Eating Disorders


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Substance abusenot dependent on drug, but usesthe drug repeatedly, which leads to seriousimpairment of individual functioning.

Substance dependenceSymptoms:- Need for higher level of drug to achieve desired

effects

- Presence of withdrawal when substance isreduced

- Unsuccessful attempts to cut down or stop

- Reduction of participation in social, occupational

or recreational activities


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Types of Drugs:reduce physiological arousal &

psychological tension

often used to refer to legal drugs

increase arousal & cause states ofeuphoria

distort sensory experiences


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Exposurenecessary for dependence, notsufficient to explain dependence

Situational FactorsVietnam, wars, trauma

Family Characteristicspoor role models

Personalityoriginally though substance abusers

VIII Sexual & Gender Identity


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VIII. Sexual & Gender-Identity

Disorders

Erectile DisorderThe inability to achieve or

maintain an erection

Physical or Psychologicalcauses

Female SexualArousal Disorder

The inability to becomeexcited or achieve orgasm

About 1/3 have geneticconstruct, others arepsychological

S l i d


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Sexual Disorders

ParaphiliasExhibitionismExposure of ones genitals toan unsuspecting stranger.

VoyeurismObserving a stranger naked,etc.

Fetishism

Sexual arousal from nonlivingobjects.

Transvestic FetishismDressing in clothing of the

opposite sex.


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Sexual DisordersSadism & Masochism

Arousal from dominating or being

dominated.

Frotteurism

Touching or rubbing against a

non-consenting person.

Necrophilia

Obsession with dead bodies.

Klismaphilia

Sexual excitement from enemas.

Coprophilia

Arousal through feces.

Zoophilia

Sexual activity with animals.


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The desire to become or the insistencethat one is the opposite sex.Trans-sexuals & certain transvestites

In children it is seen as boys playing with girls toys and girls

playing with boys toys.


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Alzheimers Disease

An age-related disease

characterized by memory

loss, mental confusion, &, inits later stages, a nearly total

loss of mental abilities.


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Parkinsons DiseaseA degenerative diseasewhere the person has

difficulty performing

simple acts due tomarked disturbancesin dopamine neurons in

thesubstantia nigra.

In the later stages, theindividual may have a

shuffling gait, a blankexpression on the face,

and is unable to initiate

movements.


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ADHD A psychological disorder in which

children are unable to concentratetheir attention on any task for morethan a few minutes.

Inattention, impulsiveness,hyperactive behavior

A CNS arousal problem.

Underarousal

Affects Dopamine use in the BasalGanglia and Prefrontal Cortex

Psychostimulants are used to managethe behavior.

They increase the childs ability tofocus attention.

There are only short-term benefits.

Non-stimulant drugs are now being

used.


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Autism

A condition arising in infancy, in

which the child is motivated to

avoid stimulation, including

social interaction.

They have poor social skills &

emotional responding.

They dislike changes in their

routine, perform monotonous

actions, & ignore stimuli other

than that which they are

attending to.

They remain distant &

withdrawn.

Dyslexia

The inability to identify or

write correctly letters &

words or to read with

understanding.

Generally considered a

learning disorder.

When a child is below

achievement in school

learning as would be

expected for his intelligence,

a learning disorder is

suspected.


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Care for our psycheknow thyself, for once we

know ourselves, we may learnhow to care for ourselves.

Documents

Abnormal Behavior Final 2012