Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement

• Both the and the led to the Abolitionist Movement

Gradualists ImmediatistsHow to end slavery?

How to end slavery?

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement•Until 1820s most abolitionists advocated resettlement

•1816 - created

Member certificate to American Colonization Society

“Here I have dwelt until I am nearly sixty years of age, and have brought up and educated a family…Yet some ingenious

gentlemen have recently discovered that I am still an African; that a continent three thousand miles, and more, from the place where I was born, is my native country. And I am advised to go home…Perhaps if I should only be set on the shore of that distant land, I should recognize all I might see there, and run at once to the old

hut where my forefathers lived a hundred years ago.”

Anti-Slavery AlphabetAnti-Slavery Alphabet

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

• Massachusetts newspaper editor

• Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue

• Founded in 1831

The LiberatorThe Liberator

Premiere issue - January 1, 1831

The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!

Other White AbolitionistsOther White Abolitionists

Lewis Tappan

Arthur Tappan

James Birney

• Liberty Party• Ran for President

in 1840 & 1844

Black AbolitionistsBlack Abolitionists

David Walker(1785-1830)

1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World

Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 published

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth

(1820-1913)(1820-1913)

• Helped over 300 slaves to freedom

• $40,000 bounty on her head

• Served as a Union spy during the Civil War

“Moses”

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad• “Conductor” ==== leader of the

escape

• “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves

• “Tracks” ==== routes

• “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves

• “Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep

Turner’s Rebellion

• • Led by Nat Turner• Virginia• 55-65 whites killed in the revolt• 200+ blacks killed

– 56 executed (including Turner)– 100-200 killed by militias and mobs

• Results:–

Slave Owners Defend Slavery•

– Ex. Servants should obey their masters– Slaves benefited from Christianity

• – Greece, Rome, Egypt

• – Paternalism of slaveowner – Compared to “wage slaves” in the North

• “ ” not just a “necessary evil”

• 1836-1844 “ ”– In response to numerous abolitionist petitions, Congress was prevented

from discussing slavery