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Arab-Islamic historyPre-Islamic Arabia

The original Arab, the Bedouin

by Philip K Hitti (from "The Arabs: A Short History")

Ancient accounts of Arabia

(from the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook)

Herodotus, c. 430 BCE

Strabo, c. 22 CEDio Cassius, c. 220 CE

Ammianus Marcellinus, c. 380 CE

Procopius of Caesarea, c. 550 CE

Pre-Islamic Arabic culture

The desert origins of the Arabs, by Richard Hooker [World

Cultures website]

Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century

by Irfan Shahid (Dumbarton Oaks Research Library,

Washington DC)

The birth of Islam

Muhammad, The Prophet of Allah

by Philip K. Hitti (from "The Arabs: A Short History")

Muhammad

by Maxime Rodinson (Pantheon Books, 1980)

Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman

by Montgomery Watt (Oxford University Press, 1961)

Meccan trade and the rise of Islam

by Patricia Crone (from "The Rise of Islam", Princeton

University Press, 1987)

In thsecti

Pre-IsThe b

Islam

The eUmay

Abba

Islam

The C

FatimMam

TurksThe a

imper

Relat

HistoChron

Histo

Histo

Book

Histo

Peop

Alber

1997.

Amaz(UK)
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Djibouti

Egypt

IraqJordan

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Mauritania

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News

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Useful news sources

Reference

Arab A to Z

BooksChronology

Documents

Maps

Special topics

Arabic language

CollectingComputers

Democracy/reform

EconomyEnvironment

Food

HajjHistory

Muhammad

and the origins of Islam, by Richard Hooker [World

Cultures website]

Selections from the "Life of Muhammad"Ibn Ishaq (died c.773 CE):

The Prophet of Islam

by Muhammad Hamidullah (from "Introduction to Islam",

Centre Culturel Islamique, Paris, 1969)

Muhammad the Prophet

by Prof. K. S. Ramakrishna Rao, University of Mysore,

India (from "Islam and Modern age", Hyderabad, March

1978)

Companions of the Prophet

by Abdul Wahid Hamid (from "Companions of The

Prophet", Vol.1)

Islamic time line

Dates and dynasties - from 570 to 1250

Islamic expansion

The Battle of Badr 624 CEThis was the first battle between believers and unbelievers,and it is still the most famous in Islamic history.

Battle of Badr (Wikipedia)

New light on the story of the Banu Qurayza and the Jews

of Medina

by W N Arafat (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society ofGreat Britain and Ireland, 1976)

The Battle of Yarmuk (636 CE) and afterAn account by al-Baladhuri (d. c. 892) of the battle against

the Byzantine army which delivered Syria to the Muslim.[Internet Islamic Sourcebook]

The Arab conquest of Egypt 642 CE

Two accounts - a Coptic version from "The History of The

Patriarchs of Alexandria" and an Arab version from Al-

The A

Histo

Philip

Order

(US)

The M

Brief

Last

BernaOrder

(US)

The CThro

Amin

RothsOrder

(US)
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4/8
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5/8
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6/8

870 or 871. From "History of the Conquest of Spain",

translated by John Harris Jones (Kaestner, Gottingen, 1858)

Tarik's address to his soldiers, 711 CE

Al-Maggari's account. Quoted by Charles F. Horne (ed),"The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East", (Parke,

Austin, & Lipscomb, New York, 1917) [Internet Medieval

Source Book]

The Battle of Poitiers (or Tours), 732 CEAnonymous Arab chronicler

The defeat of Abd al-Rahman by the Franks halted the

Muslims' northward advance. Some historians regard it as aturning point in world history and Gibbon even suggested

that if the Muslims had won Oxford would have become a

city of minarets rather than spires. A more modern view isthat the Muslims were not much interested in the north (they

disliked the weather) but victory at Poitiers might have led

them to conquer Italy. Three more accounts of the battle.

Columbus: What if ... ?

by Aileen Vincent-Barwood

The fact that the discovery of America coincided with the

end ofIslamic rule in Spain provides fertile ground forhistorical speculation. Is it possible that Christopher

Columbus greeted the inhabitants of the New World with

the words: "As-salaamu alaykum"?

Ibn Rushd's criticisms of the theologians arguments for

the existence of God

Dr Ibrahim Y. Najjar discusses "the appealing audacity" of

Ibn Rushd (Averroes)

The Crusades

History of the Crusades

Probably the best introduction to the Crusades is this on-linecourse developed by Dr E L Skip Knox at Boise State

University, Idaho. It covers the following topics:

The major Crusades

First Crusade
http://crusades.boisestate.edu/3rd/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/4th/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/5th/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/6th/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/6th/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/7th/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Europe/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Byzantium/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Islam/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Outremer/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Outremer/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/1101/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Albi/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Orders/http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/crusades1.htmhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/usamah2.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1198popevenz.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1198popevenz.htmlhttp://crusades.boisestate.edu/2nd/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/3rd/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/4th/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/5th/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/6th/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/7th/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Europe/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Byzantium/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Islam/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Outremer/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/1101/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Albi/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/Orders/http://crusades.boisestate.edu/vpilgrimhttp://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/crusades1.htmhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/christ-muslim-debate.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/usamah2.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1198popevenz.htmlhttp://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/hemp/assassin.htm


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Second Crusade

Third Crusade

Fourth Crusade

Fifth Crusade

Sixth Crusade

Seventh Crusade

General histories

Europe during the Crusades

The Byzantine Empire during the Crusades

Islam during the Crusades

Outremr during the Crusades

Other Crusades and topics

The Crusade of 1101

The Albigensian Crusade

The Military Orders

A Pilgrimage to Jerusalem

A brief account of the Crusades

From Muslims on Line

A Christian-Muslim debate (12th Century)

Usamah Ibn Munqidh (1095-1188)

Usamah was a Muslim warrior and courtier, who fought

against the Crusaders with Saladin. This extract from his

authobiography, written around 1175, discusses the Franks.

Licence to Venice to trade with the Saracens (1198)

Pope Innocent III

The Assassins

by Philip K. Hitti. From: "The Book of Grass: An

Anthology on Indian Hemp", edited by George Andrews
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/salahdin.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/salahdin.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lev.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lev.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1908youngturk.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1908youngturk.htmlhttp://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/5-1/text/collier.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/makrisi.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/salahdin.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/salahdin.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lev.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/saunders.htmlhttp://www.islam.org.au/articles/14/consta.htmhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1799Ottomans.htmlhttp://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1908youngturk.htmlhttp://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/5-1/text/collier.html


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and Simon Vinkenoog.

The Crusade of St. Louis

An Arab account by al-Makrisi. From: "The Road to

Knowledge of the Return of Kings", in "Chronicles of theCrusades", Henry G. Bohn (ed), London, 1848

Medieval accounts of Salah al-Din's recovery of

Jerusalem

by Hadia Dajani-Shakeel. From: Hisham Nashabe (ed)"Studia Palaestina: Studies in honour of Constantine K.

Zurayk", Institute for Palestine Studies, Beirut 1988.

Fatimids and Mamluks

The ruling circles

by Yacov Lev.

From "State and Society in Fatimid Egypt", E J Brill,

Leiden, 1991

Turks and Ottomans

The Turkish Irruption

by J J Saunders. From "A History of Medieval Islam",

Routledge, London

The Liberation/Fall of Constantinople 1453

A Muslim view by Muhammad El-Halaby

A Survey of the Turkish Empire

by Sir William Eton, 1799

Proclamation for the Ottoman Empire

The Young Turks, 1908

The age of imperialism

Islamic law and Western imperialism

Jane F. Collier examines the historical processes that

constructed a cultural opposition between the supposed rule

of law in the West and imagined religious fanaticism in the
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